A telescope consisting of three silicon microstrip detectors has been tested in a high energy positron beam at SLAC. Each detector has trips with 25 micron pitch and is read out by two 128-channel NMOS integrated circuits (''Microplex''). Results on the signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, and two-track separation are given.

This paper discusses preliminary estimates of the release of radionuclides from waste packages containing glass-based waste forms under the expected conditions at Yucca Mountain. These estimates can be used to evaluate the contribution of waste package performance toward meeting repository regulatory restrictions on radionuclide release. Glass waste will be held in double stainless steel canisters. After failure of the container sometime after the 300 to 1000 year containment period, the open headspace in these cans will provide the only area where standing water can accumulate and react with the glass. A maximum release rate of 0.177 g/m{sup 2} x year or 1.3 grams per year was obtained. Normalized loss of 1.3 grams per year corresponds to 0.08 parts in 100,000 per year of the 1660 kg reference weight of DWPF glass.

To produce energies of over 50 GeV for SLC, all klystron stations on the accelerator are being upgraded to produce 250 MeV energy contribution per station. This involves installing new, higher power, longer pulse klystrons, upgrading klystron modulators to provide these higher voltage, longer klystron beam pulses, and a new interlock and protection system. A new VAX based diagnostic system including automated microwave measurements, klystron beam monitors, and modulator performance checks is being implemented. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the klystron-modulator system. To date, over half of the new klystrons have been installed and tested, the modulator upgrade program has converted 22 sectors (8 stations each) of modulators out of 30, and a four sector sampling of klystrons has been run at full SLC specs, namely 350 kV beam voltage, 3.5 microsecond pulse duration, peak output power in excess of 60 MW, and PRF of 120 pps. This paper discusses the klystron design, modulator design, interlock and diagnostic systems, and the results of the initial operation.

We investigate signals for winos and zinos when the decays W ..-->.. wino + photino, Z ..-->.. wino + antiwino, and W ..-->.. wino + zino are allowed at proton-antiproton colliders. These processes lead to: (1) monojet and dijet plus missing transverse momentum (p/sub T/) events; (2) various di- and tri-lepton events with little accompanying hadronic activity; and (3) events containing jets plus leptons plus p/sub T/. Absence of such signals may allow new limits to be placed on m/sub wino/ and m/sub zino/ of at least m/sub wino/ + m/sub zino/ greater than or equal to m/sub W/, from CERN collider data. 11 refs., 4 figs.

Use of a bent single crystal to split off a small fraction of an incident high energy (400 to 800 GeV) particle beam has been demonstrated. The question which remains to be answered is: Will radiation damage effects deteriorate crystal performance in too short a time for practical application. Single Si crystals exposed to 10/sup 17/ high energy protons per cm/sup 2/ have been examined previously using low energy (1.5 to 3.0 MeV) helium ion backscattering. The amount of radiation damage indicated by this low penetration technique was very small. This paper reports verification that such an exposed crystal still channels high energy particles. Furthermore, results using helium ion backscattering following an irradiation to 10/sup 18//cm/sup 2/ predict no deterioration in channeling performance.

The Boltzmann master equation (BME) is defined for application to precompound decay in heavy ion reactions in the 10 100 MeV/nucleon regime. Predicted neutron spectra are compared with measured results for central collisions of /sup 20/Ne and /sup 12/C with /sup 165/Ho target nuclei. Comparisons are made with subthreshold ..pi../sup 0/ yields in heavy ion reactions between 35 and 84 MeV/nucleon, and with the ..pi../sup 0/ spectra. The BME is found to be an excellent tool for investigating these experimentally observed aspects of non-equilibrium heavy ion reactions. 18 refs., 8 figs.

Collective models are reviewed briefly as the physical basis for dynamical groups, particularly for molecular and nuclear physics. To show that collective models for extended relativistic objects can be constructed, the results of a quantal relativistic oscillator are reviewed. An infinite supermultiplet is then used to describe Regge recurrences as yrast states and daughters as radial excitations. (LEW)

The aerodynamic size of /sup 214/Pb, /sup 212/Pb, /sup 210/Pb, /sup 7/Be, /sup 32/P, /sup 35/S (as SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/), and stable SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ was measured using cascade impactors. The activity distribution of /sup 212/Pb and /sup 214/Pb, measured by alpha spectroscopy, was largely associated with aerosols smaller than 0.52 ..mu..m. Based on 46 measurements, the activity median aerodynamic diameter of /sup 212/Pb averaged 0.13 ..mu..m (sigma/sub g/ = 2.97), while /sup 214/Pb averaged 0.16 ..mu..m (sigma/sub g/ = 2.86). The larger median size of /sup 214/Pb was attributed to ..cap alpha..-recoil depletion of smaller aerosols following decay of aerosol-associated /sup 218/Po. Subsequent /sup 214/Pb condensation on all aerosols effectively enriches larger aerosols. /sup 212/Pb does not undergo this recoil-driven redistribution. Low-pressure impactor measurements indicated that the mass median aerodynamic diameter of SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ was about three times larger than the activity median diameter /sup 212/Pb, reflecting differences in atmospheric residence times as well as the differences in surface area and volume distributions of the atmospheric aerosol. Cosmogenic radionuclides, especially /sup 7/Be, were associated with smaller aerosols than SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ regardless of season, while /sup 210/Pb distributions in summer measurements were similar to …

Two dimensional analysis of impurity transport in a high recycling divertor shows asymmetric particle fluxes to the divertor plate, low helium pumping efficiency, and high scrapeoff zone shielding for sputtered impurities.

We report experimental data from one of the first of this new generation of instruments designed specifically for laboratory x-ray laser diagnosis. Representative TGSS-EM data are presented from three different x-ray laser inversion schemes: collisional excitation of neon-like selenium (lambda approx. = 206, 209A); resonant photoexcitation of hydrogen-like fluorine (lambda = 81A); and recombination of hydrogen-like magnesium (lambda approx. = 130A). The data illustrate the measurement capabilities of the TGSS-EM and provide insight to the dynamics and emission characteristics of this new class of laser produced plasmas.

Several laser plasma accelerator schemes are reviewed, with emphasis on the Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator (PBWA). Theory indicates that a very high acceleration gradient, of order 1 GeV/m, can exist in the plasma wave driven by the beating lasers. Experimental results obtained on the PBWA experiment at UCLA confirms this. Parameters related to the PBWA as an accelerator system are derived, among them issues concerning the efficiency and the laser power and energy requirements are discussed.

Microstructural evolution in Zircaloy-2 and -4 spent-fuel cladding specimens after approx.3 years of irradiation in commercial power reactors has been investigated by TEM and HVEM. Two kinds of precipitates induced by the fast-neutron irradiation in the reactors have been identified, i.e., Zr/sub 3/O and cubic-ZrO/sub 2/ particles approximately 2 to 10 nm in size. By means of a weak-beam dark-field ''2-1/2D-microscopy'' technique, the bulk nature of the precipitates and the surficial nature of artifact oxide and hydride phases could be discerned. The Zr(Fe/sub x/,Cr/sub 1-x/)/sub 2/ and Zr/sub 2/(Fe/sub x/,Ni/sub 1-x/) intermetallic precipitates normally present in the as-fabricated material virtually dissolved in the spent-fuel cladding specimens after a fast-neutron fluence of approx.4 x 10/sup 21/ ncm/sup -2/ in the power reactors. The observed radiation-induced phase transformations are compared with predictions based on the currently available understanding of the alloy characteristics. 29 refs.

The accurate characterization of mirror surfaces requires the estimation of two-dimensional distribution functions and power spectra from trend-contaminated profile measurements. The rationale behind this, and our measurement and processing procedures, are described. The distinction between profile and area spectra is indicated, and since measurements often suggest inverse-power-law forms, a discussion of classical and fractal models of processes leading to these forms is included. 9 refs.

The ability to generate large quantities of high-quality power in space will be necessary to meet the needs of many proposed future space programs. The Pacific Northwest Laboratory is studying an advanced multi-megawatt space power system employing a liquid metal Rankine power cycle. This paper examines more closely one component of the system, the power turbine. The turbine design selected for this system is a counter-rotating radial-outflow machine developed in the early twentieth century by two brothers, Fredrik and Birger Ljungstroem turbine was selected because it provides a compact, high-power-density turbine with balanced rotational inertia and is tolerant of moisture in the working fluid. In commercial operation, Ljungstroem turbines have demonstrated excellent rapid start capabilities and good overall efficiency. Moreover, the disadvantages that have hindered its use in conventional power plants are tied to the steam's very large change in specific volume. These disadvantages are circumvented in a machine using potassium for a working fluid. A preliminary design study indicates that high-power turbines, using potassium as a working fluid, are feasible for the Ljungstroem turbine, and that Ljungstroem turbines of 200 MW and greater could easily fit into the cargo bay of the space shuttle. 10 refs., 5 figs. 3 …

In November, 1985, Hanford was selected by the Department of Energy (DOE) as the preferred site for a full-scale test of the integrated nuclear subsystem for SP-100. The Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory, operated by Westinghouse Hanford Company, was assigned as the lead contractor for the Test Site. The nuclear subsystem, which includes the reactor and its primary heat transport system, will be provided by the System Developer, another contractor to be selected by DOE in late FY-1986. In addition to reactor operations, test site responsibilities include preparation of the facility plus design, procurement and installation of a vacuum chamber to house the reactor, a secondary heat transport system to dispose of the reactor heat, a facility control system, and postirradiation examination. At the conclusion of the test program, waste disposal and facility decommissioning are required. The test site must also prepare appropriate environmental and safety evaluations. This paper summarizes the preliminary design requirements, the status of design, and plans to achieve full power operation of the test reactor in September, 1990.

Like other large and complex industries, the nuclear weapons programs produce hazardous chemical wastes, many of which require special handling for the protection of health, safety, and the environment. This requires the interaction of a multiplicity of organizational entities. The HAZWRAP was established to provide centralized planning and technical support for DP RCRA- and CERCLA-related activities. The benefits of a centralized program integrator include DP-wide consistency in regulatory compliance, effective setting and execution of priorities, and development of optimal long-term waste management strategies for the DP complex.

This paper presents recent detector developments and perspectives for positron emission tomography (PET) instrumentation used for medical research, as well as the physical processes in positron annihilation, photon scattering and detection, tomograph design considerations, and the potentials for new advances in detectors. 117 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

The role of particle identification (PID) in both fixed-target and colliding-beam studies of ultrarelativistic nuclear (URN) collisions is examined. The demands placed on the PID systems by peculiarities of URN collisions, such as large multiplicities and the need for simultaneous measurement of a number of observables, are discussed. A variety of PID techniques are reviewed, with emphasis on their applicability and efficiency in the environment of such collisions. Two examples of PID as incorporated into existing fixed-target nuclear-beam experiments are presented. 18 refs., 5 figs.

This report summarizes model evaluation studies conducted for the MATHEW/ADPIC transport and diffusion models during the past ten years. These models support the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability, an emergency response service for atmospheric releases of nuclear material. Field studies involving tracer releases used in these studies cover a broad range of meteorology, terrain and tracer release heights, the three most important aspects of estimating air concentration values resulting from airborne releases of toxic material. Results of these studies show that these models can estimate air concentration values within a factor of 2 20% to 50% of the time and a factor of 5 40% to 80% of the time. As the meterology and terrain become more complex and the release height of the tracer is increased, the accuracy of the model calculations degrades. This band of uncertainty appears to correctly represent the capability of these models at this time. A method for estimating angular uncertainty in the model calculations is described and used to suggest alternative methods for evaluating emergency response models.

A brief historical review is given of the contribution to particle physics of e/sup +/e/sup -/ interactions, followed by a discussion of the LEP and SLC machines and the reasons for developing linear colliders. A brief overview of the Standard Model and some essential formalism for the process e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. f anti f are presented, followed by a discussion of detectors. Tests of the Standard Model and physics beyond the Standard Model that can be made running at the Z/sup 0/ are considered. LEP physics at energies above the Z/sup 0/ is discussed. (LEW)

A general class of network models is described that can be used to present complex adaptive systems. These models have two purposes: On a practical level they are closely based on real biological phenomena, and are intended to model detailed aspects of them. On a more general level, however, they provide a framework to address broader questions concerning evolution, pattern recognition, and other properties of living systems. This paper concentrates on the more general level, illustrating the basic concepts with two examples, a model of the immune system and a model for the spontaneous emergence of autocatalytic sets in a chemically reactive polymer soup. 10 refs., 3 figs.

We have developed a MWPC system for x-ray detection with a position resolution in the region of 6 ..mu..m RMS (14 ..mu..m FWHM). The performance with argon, krypton or xenon at pressures from 1 to 10 atm is explored for the x-ray energy range 5 to 25 keV. At a resolution of 6 ..mu..m RMS the effects of photoelectron and Auger electron range, electronic noise, avalanche spread, lateral electron diffusion, as well as x-ray beam collimation, become of comparable magnitude. Their limiting effects on avalanche centroid fluctuation, and hence on position resolution, are investigated. The position resolution achieved in this work compares favorably with that of solid state devices. 7 refs., 6 figs.

Models with an extra neutral gauge boson (Z') are discussed. We constrain the Z' mass as a function of its mixing angle with the known Z/sup 0/ by requiring that the Z/sup 0/ mass not be shifted excessively by this mixing, and from the Higgs vacuum expectation value structure of the mass matrix. We compare these limits with those previously found from neutral current experiments. We discuss possible effects of non-excluded models on e/sup +/e/sup -/ physics at SLC and LEP. 8 refs., 3 figs.

Bounds from B/sup 0/ - anti B/sup 0/ mixing on charged-Higgs-boson masses and couplings in two-Higgs-doublet models are presented. These bounds are comparable to those obtained, with additional assumptions, from the neutral-K-system. The effects of the neutral Higgs bosons of these models on the spectrum and wave function of toponium are discussed. These effects could, in the future, lead to limits on, or the discovery of, these Higgs bosons. 8 refs., 3 figs.