This report presents the analysis of "data from three two-day aquifer tests of the unconfined aquifer (water-table_ aquifer in southern Nassau Count, Long Island, during the autumn of 1979.

From introduction: The purpose of the study was to assemble data on the occurrence, movement, availability and chemical quality of ground water in the Hackensack River basin in Bergen and Hudson Counties, New Jersey; to evaluate and interpret the data; and to make the results available to the public.

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to develop and test steady-state method for the measurement of propane-gas desorption coefficients in a natural channel flow as the first phase of the field assessments of hydrocarbon gas tracer method for reaeration coefficients. Three field tests were conducted in a straight 5.2 km reach of the Cowaselon Creek near Canastota, New York in June, July, and October, 1981.

Purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to quantify the base flow of 19 continuously gaged Long Island streams during 1960-75, which includes the 1962-66 drought. These base-flow data will be used in calibrating computer models designed to predict the response of Long Island streams to hydrologic stresses such as the lowering of ground-water levels in response to large-scale sanitary sewering. The data will also be used to assess the long-term impact expected to result from storm- and sanitary-sewer systems on base flow of streams.

From purpose and scope: The purpose and scope of this report is to present the factors that have caused the water-table rise in the East New York section of Brooklyn. The rising water table in Kings County is not sudden or new; it has a history of more than two decades. It will refocus attention on the problem of changing ground-water levels in areas where intensive ground-water pumping has ceased or is occurring.

Purpose and scope: This report describes (1) methods of computation used to obtain the daily lake inflows and outflows and river discharges; (2) sources of error and their implications for reliability of the computed values; and (3) a technique for smoothing lake-level hydrographs that minimizes the effect of random fluctuations in daily lake-levels resulting from seiche or wind action.

This report evaluates six public water-supple systems in Schenectady County to create a recommendation of how to monitor these sites. It contains maps and tables.

Introduction: By way of introduction a section will be described across the Devonian of the northeastern part of Monroe County, Pa., along the line of Brodhead Creek and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. The base of this section will rest on the Corniferous limestone well exposed in a railroad cut a mile south of East Stroudsburg and the termination will b6 in the Pocono, as exposed on the Pocono Mountains, from Mount Pocono to the ridge northwest of Tobyhanna.

This report uses a digital model to predict the projected increase in ground-water use caused by a population influx for September 1976 in Cortland, New York. It contains maps, tables, and other figures.

Abstract: Concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and total sol ids in water in the Magothy aquifer, southeast Nassau County, N.Y., show a steadily increasing trend from the early 1950's to 1973. Vertical distribution of nitrate, chloride, and total-solids concentrations as shown in sections of the study area indicate downward movement of these constituents. Maximum concentrations are in a zone underlying the areas of Westbury, Hicksvil.le, and Plainview. Nitrate (as nitrogen) concentration increased from 4-5 milligrams per liter to 7 milligrams per liter in the area of Westbury and from 3 to 10 milligrams per liter in Plainview during the period 1950-73. During this same period, a 10 milligram-per-liter line of equal-chloride concentration on a cross section in the Westbury area moved downward a distance of less than 50 feet (15 meters), and in the area of Hicksville nearly 150 feet (45 meters). Total-solids concentration doubled in the area of Plainview, where maximum downward movement of pollutants was observed.

From abstract: A 1-kilometer stream reach receiving leachate-enriched water from a small municipal landfill was studied from 1971-75 to document streamflow rates and chemical quality of the stream and ground water. The distribution of benthic invertebrates and microorganisms in the stream above the landfill was markedly different from that below it; the difference is attributed to the inflow of leachate.

From purpose and scope: This report is the first in a three-part series describing the U.S. Geological Survey's efforts in the detailed hydrologic investigation of southern Nassau and southwest Suffolk Counties, which includes a ground-water modeling study to predict the effects of an extensive sewer network scheduled to be completed in 1985. As the introduction to the series, this report has four objectives: (1) to present a detailed description of the hydrologic system in the area, including newly acquired hydrogeologic information; (2) to define the hydrogeologic factors that will be affected by the sewer network; (3) to explain the modeling strategy and describe the techniques used to develop the ground-water models of the two adjacent areas studied; and (4) to present a preliminary evaluation of the effects of sewers as predicted by a regional ground-water flow model.

Purpose and scope: This report evaluates the rainfall-runoff data collected at 12 sites on 10 streams in Rockland County during 1975-79 and examines the adequacy of the rainfall-runoff models developed for 10 of the sites. The predictive capability of the models will dictate their use in eventual determinations of flood-frequency relationships at each gaged site.

Abstract: A facility consisting of a circular recharge basin 6.10 meters in diameter with a central observation manhole was developed on Long Island to study the role of the unsaturated zone during aquifer recharge with tertiary-treated sewage. The manhole extends through most of the 7.5-meter-thick unsaturated zone, which is composed of glacial outwash sand and gravel, and enables collection of water samples and monitoring of dynamic characteristics of the unsaturated zone during recharge experiments. The system contains instrumentation for monitoring infiltration rate, pressure-head distribution, soil-moisture content, ground-water levels, and soil gases. The 24.55-square-meter recharge basin has operated in all seasons intermittently since April 1975 and, as of April 1978, has transmitted 62 million liters of tertiary-treated effluent to the water-table aquifer. Overall performance of the facility indicates that it is suitably designed for monitoring the unsaturated zone during artificial-recharge experiments.

From introduction: Flooding and flood damage in New York during the calendar year 1972 are summarized in this report. The report was prepared at the request of the New York State Department of Transportation under provisions of an agreement between the department and the U.S. Geological Survey for a cooperative, statewide program to investigate the water resources of the State.

From introduction: The primary objective of this study, second in the series, is the development, calibration, and verification of flow-routing models for the Susquehanna River from Waverly, New York, to Sunbury, Pennsylvania. These models will permit SRBC to estimate the effects of water-resource developments upstream from Waverly at six locations on the Susquehanna River. They were also used to simulate for existing conditions at two ungaged sites.

From abstract: Channel-routing models were used to route hypothetical releases from reservoirs in the upper Tioga River basin, Pennsylvania. These releases were routed northward down the Tioga River to Lindley, Erwins, and Corning, New York; combined with flows routed down the Cohocton River from Campbell to Corning, New York; and then routed southeastward down the Chemung River from Corning to Chemung, New York. The models used to route the flows of Cohocton and Chemung Rivers accounted for bank-storage discharge and streamflow depletion by well pumpage. In general, 17 years of concurrent streamflow data were available for model calibration and verification.

From abstract: "Flow-routing models were developed for six reaches of major streams in the eastern Susquehanna River basin in New York State and were used to trace releases of water from East Sidney Lake and Whitney Point Lake to gaged points downstream." It includes maps, graphs, and tables.

From introduction: Geochemical studies of zinc-bearing peats in western New York State show them to be related genetically to underlying mineralized beds of the Lockport dolomite of Niagaran age. (...) Intermittent field work was begun in the area by the United States Geological Survey in September 1946; after some interruptions, field work was completed in June 1948. In 1950, 1,900 feet of diamond drilling was completed in the area.

Purpose and scope: The Meadowbrook artificial-recharge project, a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Nassau County Department of Public Works (NCDPW) since 1975, is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of using reclaimed wastewater to replenish and improve the quality of Long Island's ground water. This report presents the results of geologic, hydrologic, and hydrochemical studies that were done at the Meadowbrook artificial-recharge site to define conditions prevailing before the start of recharge operations.

Purpose and scope: This report presents results from an evaluation of geologic data collected and compiled as part of a continuing investigation and appraisal of hydrologic conditions in Suffolk County. The investigation is part of a cooperative program of water-resources studies made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority and the Suffolk County Department of Health Services.

From introduction: Since the discovery of the Wayne-Dundee gas field in 1930 and the more recent discovery of large quantities of gas in the Oriskany sandstone about 2 miles north of the village of Greenwood the search for similar favorable structural features has been greatly stimulated in the Finger Lakes region and southwestward to the Pennsylvania line. To aid those interested in the area to gain a clearer understanding of the regional structure and its relation to the subsurface structure, parties in charge of the senior author were assigned during the field seasons of 1934 and 1935 to make a geologic study of Steuben County and parts of the adjacent counties.

Abstract: Based on the records of several hundred deep wells, contour maps have been prepared showing the monoclinal structure of part of western New York, and isopach lines have been drawn showing the westward convergence of the rocks. The mode of occurrence of natural gas in the Medina group is briefly discussed. The location of the gas fields has not been determined by structural traps, but rather stratigraphy and lithology are the controlling factors in trapping the gas, which occurs in porous lenses and streaks of sandstone sealed within impermeable beds. This mode of occurrences of the Medina gas makes the search for new fields in western New York more hazardous than in most natural gas regions. As structure has not formed traps for the gas there is no surface guide to favorable sites for testing, and new fields are found by haphazard drilling. It would be helpful, however, when wells are sunk, to study the lithology of the gas-bearing zone by an examination of the drill cuttings and core samples of the sand and to have electrical logs made of the wells to obtain measurements of permeability and porosity. Such tests may indicate the direction of greatest porosity in …

Purpose and scope: This report describes the relationship between geology and ground-water occurrence in Oswego County and indicates how much ground water is likely to be available in any given area. It is a companion to a series of 29 maps produced during 1978-80^1 to document the surficial deposits in the county's 29 quadrangles and includes a compilation of data on representative wells in each quadrangle.