This document contains excerpts from the proceedings of the conference on Technology-based Confidence Building: Energy and the Environment.'' It contains the agenda for the conference and a document on Global Warming and Energy Use;'' a presentation on from Militarism to Environmentalism: a New Focus of US-Soviet Relations;'' a workshop on environmental challenges; a summary address on Science, Technology, and World Affairs;'' an address entitled Energy: the Coin of International Understanding;'' and concluding remarks.

Two types of direct converters at up to 100 keV were tested. A beam direct converter was tested on a reduced area TFTR source at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL). After surface conditioning and outgassing, the efficiency was over 60% at the beginning of a pulse. During a pulse, the efficiency decreased as the gas density built up. A single-stage plasma direct converter with immersed grids is being tested on a steady-state ion beam with 6 kW of beam power. The power density at the grids can be varied by adjusting the beam focus. Recovery efficiencies over 70% are measured and we are now studying various loss mechanisms.

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The RadRelay effort developed small, field appropriate, portable prototype devices that allow radiological spectra to be downloaded from field radiological detectors, like the identiFINDER-U, and transmitted to land based experts. This communications capability was designed for the U. S. Coast Guard (USCG) but is also applicable to the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) personnel working in remote locations. USCG Level II personnel currently use the identiFINDER-U Hand-Held Radioisotope ID Devices (HHRIID) to detect radiological materials during specific boarding operations. These devices will detect not only radiological emissions but will also evaluate those emissions against a table of known radiological spectra. The RadRelay has been developed to significantly improve the functionality of HHRIID, by providing the capability to download radiological spectra and then transmit them using satellite or cell phone technology. This remote wireless data transfer reduces the current lengthy delay often encountered between the shipboard detection of unknown radiological material and the evaluation of that data by technical and command personnel. That delay is reduced from hours to minutes and allows the field located personnel to remain on station during the inspection and evaluation process.

Successful theories of phase transformation processes include classical nucleation theory (CNT), which envisions a local equilibrium between coexisting phases, and non--equilibrium kinetic cluster theories. Using computer simulations of the magnetization reversal of the Ising model in three different ensembles we make quantitative connections between these physical pictures. We show that the critical nucleus size of CNT is strongly correlated with a dynamical measure of metastability, and that the metastable phase persists to thermodynamic conditions previously thought of as unstable.

This paper provides guidance in applying the requirements of DOE O 413.3A to Deactivation and Decommissioning (D&D) projects. A list of 41 engineering and design activities relevant to D&D projects was generated. For several activities in this list, examples of the level of development and/or types of deliverables that might be expected at the completion of the conceptual, preliminary and final project design phases described in the Order are provided.

Development of the All Particle Method, a project to simulate the transport of particles via the Monte Carlo method, has proceeded on two fronts: data collection and algorithm development. In this paper we report on the status of the data libraries. The data collection is nearly complete with the addition of electron, photon, and atomic data libraries to the existing neutron, gamma ray, and charged particle libraries. The contents of these libraries are summarized.

The procedure for installing Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipoles in their respective cryostats involves aligning the average direction of their field with the vertical to an accuracy of 0.5 mrad. The equipment developed for carrying on these measurements is described and the measurements performed on the first few prototypes SSC magnets are presented. The field angle as a function of position in these 16.6 m long magnets is a characteristic of the individual magnet with possible feedback information to its manufacturing procedure. A comparison of this vertical alignment characteristic with a magnetic field intensity (by NMR) characteristic for one of the prototypes is also presented. 5 refs., 7 figs.

Recent results obtained by using a 10 channel, filtered XRD detector system to record sub-keV x-ray emission from laser-irradiated targets are reported. Targets materials were Be, Al, Ti, Sn, Au and U, with Z ranging from 4 to 92. Targets were irradiated with 1ns FWHM, 1.06 ..mu..m wavelength pulses at an intensity of 5 x 10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/. Time-resolved x-ray emission pulses show systematic and striking variations with Z. These variations can most probably be attributed to the onset of inhibited electron conduction. Time-integrated x-ray yields are obtained as a function of target Z as well as calculated charge states anti Z, indicating the type of physical processes that give rise to the x-ray emission. Typical sub-keV x-ray spectra are presented; in some cases such as Ti where prominent lines are present, the charge state of the plasma can be directly deduced from line ratios, agreement with numerical simulation is very good.

A microscopic mechanism of optical nonlinearity in {pi}-conjugated polymers is presented. It is shown that the bulk of the nonlinearity is determined by only two well defined channels, even though an infinite number of channels are possible in principle. The above conclusion is true for both short and long range Coulomb interactions. The complete frequency dependence of the third harmonic generation in both trans-polyacetylene and polydiacetylene are explained within the same theoretical picture. 19 refs., 4 figs.

A high-speed rotating shutter was designed to operate in a 10/sup -6/ Torr vacuum at the optical focus of a laser spatial filter. The shutter is basically a wheel, with a single 3 x 10-mm slot at the perimeter, which rotates with a peripheral speed of 1 km/s. The motor to drive the rotating wheel is magnetically suspended and synchronously wound. The wheel achieves a 4 ..mu..s opening time and a timing accuracy of better than 0.2 ..mu..s. (MOW)

A laser works by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of inverted atomic ions confined in an amplifier of rod-like geometry, such that ASE radiation is directed out of both ends of the rod. The forward and backward ASE waves are coupled through the population-rate equations and cause the saturation of the lasing transition (gain saturation). Diffraction of the waves in the transverse direction is responsible for the radiation pattern (angular distribution) observed on a distant screen and for the degree of spatial coherence of the radiation. Refraction of the light also occurs due to spatial gradients in the electron density. In order to describe this situation a code has been developed which numerically solves paraxial Maxwell's equations in the time and two spatial dimensions. The code uses the Peaceman-Rachford Alternating-Direction-Implicit algorithm and is benchmarked against laboratory DYE-LASER experiments. 4 refs., 1 fig.

This talk is dealing with the nuclear low energy collective motion as described in the context of microscopic versions of the Bohr Hamiltonian. Two different ways of building microscopically Bohr collective Hamiltonians will be sketched; one within the framework of the Generator Coordinate Method, the other using the Adiabatic Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock-Boholyubov approximation. A sample of recent results will be presented which pertains to the description of transitional even nuclei and to the newly revisited phenomenon of superdeformation at low spin.

Complete linearization is a very powerful technique for solving multi-line transfer problems that can be used efficiently with a variety of transfer formalisms. The linearization algorithm we describe is computationally very similar to ETLA, but allows an effective treatment of strongly-interacting lines. This algorithm has been implemented (in several codes) with two different transfer formalisms in all three one-dimensional geometries. We also describe a variation of the algorithm that handles saturable laser transport. Finally, we present a combination of linearization with a local approximate operator formalism, which has been implemented in two dimensions and is being developed in three dimensions. 11 refs.

A scoping experiment to characterize the neutron field generated from a Light Water Reactor spent fuel assembly has been successfully completed. Solid State Track Recorder (SSTR) neutron dosimeters have been exposed at the surface of a spent fuel assembly from a Pressurized Water Reactor. Acceptable track densities were obtained. From these SSTR neutron dosimetry observations, an absolute neutron flux of roughly 8000 n/(cm/sup 2/.sec) was obtained at the surface of the spent fuel assembly three years after discharge. The deduced neutron energy spectrum, with a mean neutron energy of roughly 1.3 MeV, is intimately dependent upon the actinide content of the spent fuel. Hence, the results of this preliminary experiment have demonstrated that, with suitable calibration, SSTR neutron dosimetry can be successfully applied for non-destructive spent fuel actinide assay and for characterization of the radiation environment associated with spent reactor fuel assemblies.

Optical communication is likely to significantly speed up parallel computation because the vast bandwidth of the optical medium can be divided to produce communication networks of very high degree. However, the problem of contention in high-degree networks makes the routing problem in these networks theoretically (and practically) difficult. In this paper we examine Valiant`s h-relation routing problem, which is a fundamental problem in the theory of parallel computing. The h-relation routing problem arises both in the direct implementation of specific parallel algorithms on distributed-memory machines and in the general simulation of shared memory models such as the PRAM on distributed-memory machines. In an h-relation routing problem each processor has up to h messages that it wishes to send to other processors and each processor is the destination of at most h messages. We present a lower bound for routing an h-relation (for any h > 1) on a complete optical network of size -n. Our lower bound applies to any randomized distributed algorithm for this task. Specifically, we show that the expected number of communication steps required to route an arbitrary h-relation is {Omega}(h + {radical}log log n). This is the first known lower bound for this problem which does …

ERCC2 was first identified as a gene on human chromosome 19 that complemented the UV sensitivity of CHO UV5 cells in somatic cell hybrids. Subsequent studies localized ERCC2 to the same chromosomal region (19q13.2--13.3) as the ERCC1 gene and showed that the two genes were less than 250 kb apart. Cloning of ERCC2 was accomplished by transfection of genomic DNA into UV5 cells and rescue of the gene from a secondary transformant. Recovery of the gene was aided by the presence of repetitive sequences that were detected on Southern blots with a probe for Alu-family repeats. ERCC2, which is 19 kb in size, quantitatively corrected the UV sensitivity and incision defect in UV5 cells upon transfection. An ERCC2 CDNA clone was recovered from the pcD2 expression library. Although this clone was truncated at the 5 in. end, it conferred transient, but not stable, correction to UV5 cells upon transfection. Based on genomic sequence, this clone was extended by oligonucleotide addition to obtain minigene constructs in which the complete open reading frame (ORF) was present. Translation of the ERCC2 ORF gives an amino acid sequence that has 72% similarity with the S. cerevisiae RAD3 protein, which encodes a DNA helicase.

An 11.4% partial Siberian snake was used to successfully accelerate polarized proton through a strong intrinsic depolarizing spin resonance in the AGS. No noticeable depolarization was observed. This opens up the possibility of using a 20% to 30% partial Siberian snake in the AGS to overcome all weak and strong depolarizing spin resonances. Some design and operation issues of the new partial Siberian snake are discussed.

Based on annual tritium release rates from the five sources of tritium at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Tritium Research Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratory, the regulatory dispersion and dose model, CAP88-PC, was used to predict tritium concentrations in air at perimeter and offsite air surveillance monitoring locations for 1986 through 2001. These predictions were compared with mean annual measured concentrations, based on biweekly sampling. Deterministic predictions were compared with deterministic observations using predicted-to-observed ratios. In addition, the uncertainty on observations and predictions was assessed: when the uncertainty bounds of the observations overlapped with the uncertainty bounds of the predictions, the predictions were assumed to agree with the observations with high probability. Deterministically, 54% of all predictions were higher than the observations, and 96% fell within a factor of three. Accounting for uncertainty, 75% of all predictions agreed with the observations; 87% of the predictions either matched or exceeded the observations. Predictions equaled or exceeded observations at those sampling locations towards which the wind blows most frequently, except those in the hills. Under-predictions were seen at locations towards which the wind blows infrequently when released tritium was from elevated sources. When a high fraction of tritium was from area …

We present a solid state accelerator concept utilizing particle acceleration along crystal channels by longitudinal electron plasma waves in a metal. Acceleration gradients of order 100 GV/cm are theoretically possible, but channeling radiation limits the maximum attainable energy to 10/sup 5/ TeV for protons. Beam dechanneling due to multiple scattering is substantially reduced by the high acceleration gradient. Plasma wave dissipation and generation in metals are also discussed.

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Summary of this report is: (1) aggressive implementation of metadata; (2) higher confidence in spatial data and organizational structure; (3) improved data sharing between Hanford and neighboring government agencies; and (4) improved data sharing and management reduce unnecessary cost to DOE and the American taxpayer.

We review the attempts to construct black hole/string solutions in asymptotically plane wave spacetimes. First, we demonstrate that geometries admitting a covariantly constant null Killing vector cannot admit event horizons, which implies that pp-waves can't describe black holes. However, relaxing the symmetry requirements allows us to generate solutions which do possess regular event horizons while retaining the requisite asymptotic properties. In particular, we present two solution generating techniques and use them to construct asymptotically plane wave black string/brane geometries.

During the operational history of the Savannah River Site (SRS), many different radionuclides have been released from site facilities. However, only a relatively small number of the released radionuclides have been significant contributors to doses and risks to the public. At SRS dose and risk assessments indicate tritium oxide in air and surface water, and Cs-137 in fish and deer have been, and continue to be, the critical radionuclides and pathways. In this assessment, indepth statistical analyses of the long-term trends of tritium oxide in atmospheric and surface water releases and Cs-137 concentrations in fish and deer are provided. Correlations also are provided with 1) operational changes and improvements, 2) geopolitical events (Cold War cessation), and 3) recent environmental remediation projects and decommissioning of excess facilities. For example, environmental remediation of the F- and H-Area Seepage Basins and the Solid Waste Disposal Facility have resulted in a measurable impact on the tritium oxide flux to the onsite Fourmile Branch stream. Airborne releases of tritium oxide have been greatly affected by operational improvements and the end of the Cold War in 1991. However, the effects of SRS environmental remediation activities and ongoing tritium operations on tritium concentrations in the environment are …