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3-D Turbulent Particle Dispersion Submodel Development. Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, October 15, 1991--January 15, 1992
Many practical combustion processes which use solid particles, liquid droplets, or slurries as fuels introduce these fuels into turbulent environments. Examples include spray combustion, pulverized coal and coal slurry combustion, fluidized beds, sorbent injection, and hazardous waste incineration. The interactions of the condensed phases with turbulent environments have not been well described. Such a description is complicated by the difficulty of describing turbulence in general, even in the absence of particles or droplets. But the complications in describing the dispersion and reaction of the condensed phases in turbulent environments do not stem entirely or even primarily from the uncertainties in the description of the turbulence. Theoretical descriptions of the turbulent dispersion of particles and droplets are not well established, even when the characteristics of the turbulence are known. Several new theoretical descriptions of the turbulent dispersion of particles an droplets have proposed over the past five years. It is the purpose of this project to explore the potential of two of these theories for coupling with the other aspects of three-dimensional, reacting, turbulent, particle-laden systems to proved computational simulations that could be useful for addressing industrial problems.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Smith, P. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3-D turbulent particle dispersion submodel development. Quarterly progress report No. 4, January 15, 1992--April 15, 1992
Many practical combustion processes which use solid particles, liquid droplets, or slurries as fuels introduce these fuels into turbulent environments. Examples include spray combustion, pulverized coal and coal slurry combustion, fluidized beds, sorbent injection, and hazardous waste incineration. The interactions of the condensed phases with turbulent environments have not been well described. Such a description is complicated by the difficulty of describing turbulence in general, even in the absence of particles or droplets. But the complications in describing the dispersion and reaction of the condensed phases in turbulent environments do not stem entirely or even primarily from the uncertainties in the description of the turbulence. Theoretical descriptions of the turbulent dispersion of particles and droplets are not well established, even when the characteristics of the turbulence are known. It is the purpose of this project to develop two different particle dispersion submodels (one each for dilute and dense phases), and couple them with existing fluid-dynamic heat transfer and reaction chemistry models to provide computational simulations capable of addressing industrial problems.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Smith, P. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
4 MW Fast Wave Current Drive Upgrade for DIII-D
The DIII-D program has just completed a major addition to its ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) systems. This upgrade project added two new fast wave current drive (FWCD) systems, with each system consisting of a 2 MW, 30 to 120 MHz transmitter, ceramic insulated transmission lines and tuner elements, and water-cooled four-strap antenna. With this addition of 4 MW of FWCD power to the original 2 MW, 30 to 60 MHz capability, experiments can be performed that will explore advanced tokamak plasma configurations by using the centrally localized current drive to effect current profile modifications.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Callis, R. W.; Cary, W. P. & Baity, F. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An 8-meter-long coupled cavity RFQ linac
A model has been constructed of an 8-m-long high energy (7 MeV) Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) to prove the concept of a resonantly coupled RFQ. The model consists of four 2-in-long RFQ segments resonantly coupled together. A small gap (3 mm) between the vane tips, at the segment joints, provides capacitive coupling. This model is of a RFQ designed for a proposed Los Alamos Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility (APDF). The RFQ, as designed, will operate cw at 350 kHz and accelerate a 100-mA beam of protons to 7 MeV.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Young, L. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
100-B area technical baseline report
This document supports the environmental remediation effort of the 100-B Area by providing remediation planners with key data that characterize the 100-B and 100-C Reactor sites. It provides operational histories of the 100-B and 100-C Reactors and each of their associated liquid and solid waste sites.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Carpenter, R. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
183-H basin sludge treatability testing program plan
This document outlines the scope, data objectives, plan of action, responsibilities, cost and schedule of a program to perform hot treatability testing on 183-H basin sludge samples. This plan is the top-level planning document for this activity.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Burbank, D. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1987 Overview of the free-piston Stirling technology for space power application
An overview is presented of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center free-piston Stirling engine activities directed toward space-power application. Free-piston Stirling technology is applicable for both solar and nuclear powered systems. As such, NASA Lewis serves as the project office to manage the newly initiated NASA SP-100 Advanced Technology Program. This 5-yr program provides the technology thrust for providing significant component and subsystem options for increased efficiency, reliability and survivability, and power output growth at reduced specific mass. One of the major elements of the program is the development of advanced power conversion concepts of which the Stirling cycle is a viable growth candidate. Under this program the status of the 25 kWe opposed-piston Space Power Demonstrator Engine (SPDE) is presented. Included in the SPDE discussion are comparisons between predicted and experimental engine performance, enhanced performance resulting from regenerator modification, increased operating stroke brought about by isolating the gas bearing flow between the displacer and power piston, identifying excessive energy losses and recommending corrective action, and a better understanding of linear alternator design and operation. Technology work is also conducted on heat exchanger concepts, both design and fabrication, to minimize the number of joints as well …
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Slaby, J. G. & Alger, D. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1993 State-by-state assessment of low-level radioactive wastes received at commercial disposal sites
Each year the National Low-Level Waste Management Program publishes a state-by-state assessment report. This report provides both national and state-specific disposal data on low-level radioactive waste commercially disposed in the United States. Data in this report are categorized according to disposal site, generator category, waste class, volumes, and radionuclide activity. Included in this report are tables showing the distribution of waste by state for 1993 and a comparison of waste volumes and radioactivity by state for 1989 through 1993; also included is a list of all commercial nuclear power reactors in the United States as of December 31, 1993. This report distinguishes between low-level radioactive waste shipped directly for disposal by generators and waste that was handled by an intermediary, a reporting change introduced in the 1988 state-by-state report.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Fuchs, R. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1994 Building energy codes and standards workshops: Summary and documentation
During the spring of 1994, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Codes and Standards, conducted five two-day Regional Building Energy Codes and Standards workshops across the United States. Workshops were held in Chicago, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Dallas, and Denver. The workshops were designed to benefit state-level officials including staff of building code commissions, energy offices, public utility commissions, and others involved with adopting/updating, implementing, and enforcing state building codes in their states. The workshops provided an opportunity for state and other officials to learn more about the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) requirements for residential and commercial building energy codes, the Climate Change Action Plan, the role of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Building Energy Standards Program at Pacific Northwest Laboratory, the commercial and residential codes and standards, the Home Energy Rating Systems (HERS), Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEM), training issues, and other topics related to the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of building energy codes. In addition to receiving information on the above topics, workshop participants were also encouraged to inform DOE of their needs, particularly with regard to implementing building energy codes, enhancing current implementation efforts, and building …
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Sandahl, L. J. & Shankle, D. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1994 Department of Energy Records Management Conference
The Department of Energy (DOE) Records Management Group (RMG) provides a forum for DOE and its contractor personnel to review and discuss subjects, issues, and concerns of common interest. This forum will include the exchange of information, and interpretation of requirements, and a dialog to aid in cost-effective management of the DOE Records Management program. This report contains the contributions from this forum.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1994 Solid waste forecast container volume summary
This report describes a 30-year forecast of the solid waste volumes by container type. The volumes described are low-level mixed waste (LLMW) and transuranic/transuranic mixed (TRU/TRUM) waste. These volumes and their associated container types will be generated or received at the US Department of Energy Hanford Site for storage, treatment, and disposal at Westinghouse Hanford Company`s Solid Waste Operations Complex (SWOC) during a 30-year period from FY 1994 through FY 2023. The forecast data for the 30-year period indicates that approximately 307,150 m{sup 3} of LLMW and TRU/TRUM waste will be managed by the SWOC. The main container type for this waste is 55-gallon drums, which will be used to ship 36% of the LLMW and TRU/TRUM waste. The main waste generator forecasting the use of 55-gallon drums is Past Practice Remediation. This waste will be generated by the Environmental Restoration Program during remediation of Hanford`s past practice sites. Although Past Practice Remediation is the primary generator of 55-gallon drums, most waste generators are planning to ship some percentage of their waste in 55-gallon drums. Long-length equipment containers (LECs) are forecasted to contain 32% of the LLMW and TRU/TRUM waste. The main waste generator forecasting the use of LECs is …
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Templeton, K. J. & Clary, J. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
21PF overpacks: Phenolic-foam induced corrosion
The 21PF overpack was developed in the 1960s and approved for use in the 1970s by the US Department of Transportation (DOT). This package, used for the transport of uranium hexafluoride enriched >1%, has had a history of severe metal corrosion, water ingress, and subsequent leakage. Problems associated with corrosion and water leaking from 21PF overpacks caused the DOT to seek public comments and to undertake rulemaking action. As a result, the DOT required modifications and refurbishment of existing overpacks, and specification changes for the fabrication of new 21PF overpacks. Recent studies conducted by the roofing industry indicate that phenolic foam has caused severe corrosion in metal roofing structures, and its use is being curtailed. These findings need to be explored in order to determine if phenolic foam in 21PF overpacks causes corrosion and compromises the package integrity. Metallic corrosion induced by phenolic foam may affect the continued use of the 21PF overpack because damage to the structural integrity of the metal parts of the packaging will affect its ability to meet design specifications.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Kovac, F. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms frequently used by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.. Second edition
Guidelines are given for using abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms (AAIs) in documents prepared by US Department of Energy facilities managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The more than 10,000 AAIs listed represent only a small portion of those found in recent documents prepared by contributing editors of the Information Management Services organization of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Oak Ridge K-25 Site, and the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. This document expands on AAIs listed in the Document Preparation Guide and is intended as a companion document
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Miller, J. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abilene Philharmonic Playbill: September 17, 1994
Program for Abilene Philharmonic concerts performed on September 17th (first concert) and October 1st (second concert) during the 45th season. It includes information about the pieces performed, artists and musicians, and advertising from local companies.
Date:
September 1994
Creator:
Abilene Philharmonic
Object Type:
Pamphlet
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Abrasive wear by diesel engine coal-fuel and related particles
The purpose of the work summarized in this report was to obtain a basic understanding of the factors which are responsible for wear of the piston ring and cylinder wall surfaces in diesel engines utilizing coal-fuel. The approach included analytical studies using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analyses to characterize coal-fuel and various combustion particles, and two different wear tests. The wear tests were a modified pin-on-disk test and a block-on-ring test capable of either unidirectional or reciprocating-rotational sliding. The wear tests in general were conducted with mixtures of the particles and lubricating oil. The particles studied included coal-fuel, particles resulting from the combustion of coal fuel, mineral matter extracted during the processing of coal, and several other common abrasive particle types among which quartz was the most extensively examined. The variables studied included those associated with the particles, such as particle type, size, and hardness; variables related to contact conditions and the surrounding environment; and variables related to the type and properties of the test specimen materials.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Ives, L. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accident analysis for US fast burst reactors
In the US fast burst reactor (FBR) community there has been increasing emphasis and scrutiny on safety analysis and understanding of possible accident scenarios. This paper summarizes recent work in these areas that is going on at the different US FBR sites. At this time, all of the FBR facilities have or in the process of updating and refining their accident analyses. This effort is driven by two objectives: to obtain a more realistic scenario for emergency response procedures and contingency plans, and to determine compliance with changing regulatory standards.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Paternoster, R.; Flanders, M. & Kazi, H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic emission sensor radiation damage threshold experiment
Determination of the threshold for damage to acoustic emission sensors exposed to radiation is important in their application to leak detection in radioactive waste transport and storage. Proper response to system leaks is necessary to ensure the safe operation of these systems. A radiation impaired sensor could provide ``false negative or false positive`` indication of acoustic signals from leaks within the system. Research was carried out in the Radiochemical Technology Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to determine the beta/gamma radiation damage threshold for acoustic emission sensor systems. The individual system consisted of an acoustic sensor mounted with a two part epoxy onto a stainless steel waveguide. The systems were placed in an irradiation fixture and exposed to a Cobalt-60 source. After each irradiation, the sensors were recalibrated by Physical Acoustics Corporation. The results were compared to the initial calibrations performed prior to irradiation and a control group, not exposed to radiation, was used to validate the results. This experiment determines the radiation damage threshold of each acoustic sensor system and verifies its life expectancy, usefulness and reliability for many applications in radioactive environments.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Beeson, K. M. & Pepper, C. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Actinide(IV) and actinide(VI) carbonate speciation studies by PAS and NMR spectroscopies; Yucca Mountain Project: Milestone report 3031-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1
Pulsed-laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to study speciation of actinide(IV) and actinide(VI) ions (Np, Pu, Am) in aqueous carbonate solutions vs pH, carbonate content, actinide content, temperature. PAS focused on Pu(IV) speciation. Stability fields on a pH (8.4 to 12.0) versus total carbonate content (0.003 to 1.0 M) plot for dilute Pu(IV) carbonate species ([Pu]{sub tot} = 1 mM) were mapped. Four plutonium species, with absorption peaks at 486, 492, 500, and 512 nm were found. Loss of a single carbonate ligand does not account for the difference in speciation for the 486 and 492 nm absorption peaks, nor can any of the observed species be identified as colloidal Pu(IV). NMR data have been obtained for UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}, PuO{sub 2}{sup 2+} and AmO{sub 2}{sup 2+}. This report focuses on results for PuO{sub 2}{sup 2+}. The ligand exchange reaction between free and coordinated carbonate on the PuO{sub 2}(CO{sub 3}){sub 3}{sup 4{minus}} systems has been examined by variable temperature {sup 13}C NMR spectroscopy. In each of the six different PuO{sub 2}(CO{sub 3}){sub 3}{sup 4{minus}} samples, two NMR signals are present, one for the free carbonate ligand and one for the carbonate ligand coordinated …
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Clark, D. L.; Ekberg, S. A.; Morris, D. E.; Palmer, P. D. & Tait, C. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive model predictive control using neural networks
The authors work in controlling chemical processes included the following: (1) to develop neural networks and training procedures that are well suited to: small amounts of off-line training data for on-line control of systems with substantial time lags; (2) to develop generic Model Predictive Control (MPC) software; and (3) to control the following simulated systems using MPC: continuously stirred tank reactor with jacket dynamics; plasma etching model for semiconductor manufacture; and distillation columns. Details descriptions are given of the three points.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Baum, C. C.; Buescher, K. L.; Hanagandi, V.; Jones, R. & Lee, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Additional degrees of freedom in skyrmion motion
The authors consider the quantization of chiral solitons with baryon number B > 1. Classical solitons are obtained within the framework of a variational approach. From the form of the soliton solution it can be seen that besides the group of symmetry describing transformations of the configuration as a whole there are additional symmetries corresponding to internal transformations. Taking into account the additional degrees of freedom leads to some sort of spin alignment for light nuclei and gives constraints on their spectra.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Musatov, I.; Nikolaev, V. & Tkachev, O.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advance plant severe accident/thermal hydraulic issues for ACRS
The ACRS has been reviewing various advance plant designs for certification. The most active reviews have been for the ABWR, AP600, and System 80+. We have completed the reviews for ABWR and System 80+ and are presently concentrating on AP600. The ACRS gave essentially unqualified certification approval for the two completed reviews, yet,,during the process of review a number of issues arose and the plant designs changed somewhat to accommodate some of the ACRS concerns. In this talk, I will describe some of the severe accident and thermal hydraulic related issues we discussed in our reviews.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Kress, T. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced direct liquefaction concepts for PETC generic units. Quarterly technical progress report, April 1994--June 1994
The technical approach of the contract has been expanded to provide additional economic evaluation of related process options. Additional data will be developed in the following areas to facilitate these evaluations. The effect of several modified pretreatments on liquefaction will be investigated. These include catalytic and thermal dewaxing of distillate solvents, the effect that adding light resid to distillate solvent has on hydrotreating and dewaxing, the liquefaction behavior of dense-media separated low-rank coals, and methods of selectively removing oxygen from low-rank coals. Additional chemical, physical, and performance information on improved first-stage catalysts will be developed. Upgrading of ash concentrate to recover catalysts and improve low-rank coals will be assessed. The conversion of residual fractions to distillate by hydropyrolysis will be evaluated. The economic impact of these processes will be determined.
Date:
September 1994
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced energy projects FY 1994 research summaries
The Division of Advanced Energy Projects (AEP) provides support to explore the feasibility of novel, energy-related concepts that evolve from advances in basic research. These concepts are typically at an early stage of scientific definition and, therefore, are premature for consideration by applied research or technology development programs. The AEP also supports high-risk, exploratory concepts that do not readily fit into a program area but could have several applications that may span scientific disciplines or technical areas. Projects supported by the Division arise from unsolicited ideas and concepts submitted by researchers. The portfolio of projects is dynamic and reflects the broad role of the Department in supporting research and development for improving the Nation`s energy outlook. FY 1994 projects include the following topical areas: novel materials for energy technology; renewable and biodegradable materials; exploring uses of new scientific discoveries; alternate pathways to energy efficiency; alternative energy sources; and innovative approaches to waste treatment and reduction. Summaries are given for 66 projects.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced fission and fossil plant economics-implications for fusion
In order for fusion energy to be a viable option for electric power generation, it must either directly compete with future alternatives or serve as a reasonable backup if the alternatives become unacceptable. This paper discusses projected costs for the most likely competitors with fusion power for baseload electric capacity and what these costs imply for fusion economics. The competitors examined include advanced nuclear fission and advanced fossil-fired plants. The projected costs and their basis are discussed. The estimates for these technologies are compared with cost estimates for magnetic and inertial confinement fusion plants. The conclusion of the analysis is that fusion faces formidable economic competition. Although the cost level for fusion appears greater than that for fission or fossil, the costs are not so high as to preclude fusion`s potential competitiveness.
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Delene, J. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library