Any attempt to reconcile observed surface temperature changes within the last 150 years to changes simulated by climate models that include various atmospheric forcings is sensitive to the changes attributed to aerosols and aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, which are the main contributors that may well balance the positive forcings associated with greenhouse gases, absorbing aerosols, ozone related changes, etc. These aerosol effects on climate, from various modeling studies discussed in Menon (2004), range from +0.8 to -2.4 W m{sup -2}, with an implied value of -1.0 W m{sup -2} (range from -0.5 to -4.5 W m{sup -2}) for the aerosol indirect effects. Quantifying the contribution of aerosols and aerosol-cloud interactions remain complicated for several reasons some of which are related to aerosol distributions and some to the processes used to represent their effects on clouds. Aerosol effects on low lying marine stratocumulus clouds that cover much of the Earth's surface (about 70%) have been the focus of most of prior aerosol-cloud interaction effect simulations. Since cumulus clouds (shallow and deep convective) are short lived and cover about 15 to 20% of the Earth's surface, they are not usually considered as radiatively important. However, the large amount of latent heat released from convective …

Study of the propagation of shock waves in condensed matter has led to new discoveries ranging from new metastable states of carbon [1] to the metallic conductivity of hydrogen in Jupiter, [2] but progress in understanding the microscopic details of shocked materials has been extremely difficult. Complications can include the unexpected formation of metastable states of matter that determine the structure, instabilities, and time-evolution of the shock wave. [1,3] The formation of these metastable states can depend on the time-dependent thermodynamic pathway that the material follows behind the shock front. Furthermore, the states of matter observed in the shock wave can depend on the timescale on which observation is made. [4,1] Significant progress in understanding these microscopic details has been made through molecular dynamics simulations using the popular non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) approach to atomistic simulation of shock compression. [5] The NEMD method involves creating a shock at one edge of a large system by assigning some atoms at the edge a fixed velocity. The shock propagates across the computational cell to the opposite side. The computational work required by NEMD scales at least quadratically in the evolution time because larger systems are needed for longer simulations to prevent the …

Transcript of an interview with Thomas Richard Young, artist and Army Air Forces veteran (463rd Bomb Group, 774th Bomb Squadron, 15th Air Force), concerning his experiences as a B-17 pilot and a prisoner-of-war in the European Theater during World War II. Appendix includes a photocopy of a drawing titled, "North Compound, Stalag Luft III, Sagan, Germany, January, 1945."

Interview with attorney James L. Jackson from Denton, Texas. In the interview, Jackson recollects memories from when he was a student at the Frederick Douglass Colored School in Denton, and includes detailed comments on his teachers, the athletics program, and the influence of Coach Tennyson Miller. He also shares his thoughts and experiences concerning segregation in Denton.

Interview with homemaker Billie Simpson Barker. The interview includes Barker's personal experiences about rural life in Denton County, Texas from 1925-1985. Barker talks about her father's sawmill operation, creek flooding, threshing operations, changes in land ownership, her husband's death, effects of the Great Depression, social life, the county's longtime residents, recreational activities, epidemics, wildlife problems, the tornado of June 8, 1937, her childhood, and homemade clothing.

Interview with Democratic attorney and member of the Texas House of Representatives L. DeWitt Hale, from Corpus Christi, Texas. In the interview, Hale discusses his experiences as a member of the Sixty-fourth Legislature. He also expresses his personal thoughts and memories on the House speakership race, appropriations, committee appointments, public school financing, public utilities legislation, constitutional revisions, personal legislation, and comments on fellow politician Governor Dolph Briscoe.

Handwritten description of the founding of the McMurry College singing group "The Chanters," including names of all of the group's members and officers, by year.