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Experience base for Radioactive Waste Thermal Processing Systems: A preliminary survey
In the process of considering thermal technologies for potential treatment of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory mixed transuranic contaminated wastes, a preliminary survey of the experience base available from Radioactive Waste Thermal Processing Systems is reported. A list of known commercial radioactive waste facilities in the United States and some international thermal treatment facilities are provided. Survey focus is upon the US Department of Energy thermal treatment facilities. A brief facility description and a preliminary summary of facility status, and problems experienced is provided for a selected subset of the DOE facilities.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Mayberry, J.; Geimer, R.; Gillins, R.; Steverson, E.M.; Dalton, D. (Science Applications International Corp., Idaho Falls, ID (United States)) & Anderson, G.L. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optical properties of flyash
The general aims of this research are to provide a fundamental scientific basis for the physical understanding and reliable calculation of heat transfer in coal combustion systems, particularly as it is influenced by the presence of inorganic constituents deriving from mineral matter in coal. (VC)
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Self, S.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synergistic capture mechanisms for alkali and sulfur species from combustion
This report presents work done on a laboratory combustor in an attempt to identify mechanisms that govern the simultaneous capture of alkali and sulfur species using sorbent injection techniques. The mechanisms of capture fall into two broad categories i.e. Physical transport of alkali species (in vapor or condensed phase) to the sorbent surface and surface reaction between the alkali species and the sorbents. Water solubility, though not specific, has been used to get an indication of relative significance of these two broad mechanisms. It is assumed that the physically adsorbed alkali species on sorbents are predominantly water soluble while the chemically reacted alkali content is predominantly water insoluble. In order to infer possible dominant mechanisms, specific parameters has been varied during experimentation. Such parameters include, speciation, particle time-temperature history, and furnace burning conditions.
Date:
April 23, 1992
Creator:
Peterson, T.W.; Shadman, F.; Wendt, J.O.L. & Mwabe, P.O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Facilities evaluation report
The Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration (BWID) is a program of the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Technology Development whose mission is to evaluate different new and existing technologies and determine how well they address DOE community waste remediation problems. Twenty-three Technical Task Plans (TTPs) have been identified to support this mission during FY-92; 10 of these have identified some support requirements when demonstrations take place. Section 1 of this report describes the tasks supported by BWID, determines if a technical demonstration is proposed, and if so, identifies the support requirements requested by the TTP Principal Investigators. Section 2 of this report is an evaluation identifying facility characteristics of existing Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) facilities that may be considered for use in BWID technology demonstration activities.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Sloan, P.A. & Edinborough, C.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental study of weak interactions by precision measurement of rare kaon decay, Task B
This report discusses research on the following decay schemes and parameters: {epsilon}{prime}/{epsilon}; {Phi}{sub 00} {minus} {Phi}+{minus}; K{sub L} {yields} {pi}{sup 0}e{sup +}e{sup {minus}}; K{sub L} {yields} {pi}{sup 0}{delta}{delta}; {pi}{sup 0} {yields} e{sup +}e{sup {minus}}; K{sub LS} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}{delta}; K{sub e4}; K{sub e3}; K{sub L} {yields} 3{pi}{sup 0} decay constant.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Winston, Roland
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical contaminants on DOE lands and selection of contaminant mixtures for subsurface science research
This report identifies individual contaminants and contaminant mixtures that have been measured in the ground at 91 waste sites at 18 US Department of Energy (DOE) facilities within the weapons complex. The inventory of chemicals and mixtures was used to identify generic chemical mixtures to be used by DOE's Subsurface Science Program in basic research on the subsurface geochemical and microbiological behavior of mixed contaminants (DOE 1990a and b). The generic mixtures contain specific radionuclides, metals, organic ligands, organic solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in various binary and ternary combinations. The mixtures are representative of in-ground contaminant associations at DOE facilities that are likely to exhibit complex geochemical behavior as a result of intercontaminant reactions and/or microbiologic activity stimulated by organic substances. Use of the generic mixtures will focus research on important mixed contaminants that are likely to be long-term problems at DOE sites and that will require cleanup or remediation. The report provides information on the frequency of associations among different chemicals and compound classes at DOE waste sites that require remediation.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Riley, R.G. & Zachara, J.M. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Precision measurement of the direct CP violation parameter. var epsilon. prime /. var epsilon. via the four K yields 2. pi. decay modes and a high sensitivity search for CP violating rare K sub L decays, Task J
This report discusses the progress on the measurement of the direct CP violation parameter {var epsilon}{prime}/{var epsilon} and the rare KL decay. The progress has been as follows: (A) results from the complete E731 data set which was collected in the 1987/88 fixed target run; preparations for and the taking of the data for (B) E773 (CPT symmetry test) and (C) E799 (rare decay study); and finally (D) R D for a new detector to further study {var epsilon}{prime}/{var epsilon} and rate decays.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Wah, Yau W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Current nuclear industry practices with regard to the integration of surveillances
Commercial nuclear industry practices regarding the integration of technical specification (TS) surveillance and maintenance activities are identified in this report. A questionnaire was developed and used to obtain current industry practices from NRC Regional personnel and INEL engineers with utility experience. Some of these practices indicate that the scheduling of TS surveillance and maintenance items could be more effectively coordinated. Also, must utilities do not formally consider risk implications when they are scheduling maintenance. Methodologies and approaches for proposing and evaluating changes to improve the integration of TS surveillance and maintenance activities have been identified for planned future work.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Stewart, M. & Smith, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A review of proposed Glen Canyon Dam interim operating criteria
Three sets of interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River have been proposed for the period of November 1991, to the completion of the record of decision for the Glen Canyon Dam environmental impact statement (about 1993). These criteria set specific limits on dam releases, including maximum and minimum flows, up-ramp and down-ramp rates, and maximum daily fluctuation. Under the proposed interim criteria, all of these parameters would be reduced relative to historical operating criteria to protect downstream natural resources, including sediment deposits, threatened and endangered fishes, trout, the aquatic food base, and riparian plant communities. The scientific bases of the three sets of proposed operating criteria are evaluated in the present report:(1) criteria proposed by the Research/Scientific Group, associated with the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES); (2) criteria proposed state and federal officials charged with managing downstream resources; and (3) test criteria imposed from July 1991, to November 1991. Data from Phase 1 of the GCES and other sources established that the targeted natural resources are affected by dam operations, but the specific interim criteria chosen were not supported by any existing studies. It is unlikely that irreversible changes to any of the resources would …
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
LaGory, K.; Hlohowskyj, I.; Tomasko, D.; Hayse, J. & Durham, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electronic and structural properties of metallic microclusters
The first part of this thesis presents a first-order pseudopotential calculation at T=O of the total energy of small sodium clusters of size N<800. The calculation is based on a local-pseudopotential scheme and local-density correlation and exchange. A temperature-size (T-N) phase-diagram is then derived using the T=O results and Lindemann's criterion for melting. The phase-diagram contains three regions of stability: (1) a liquid (jellium) phase at temperatures above the melting line T{sub M}(N) where cluster-stability occurs at electronic magic numbers: (2) a phase related to complete geometrical shells of body-centered-cubic structure at temperatures below the melting line; and (3) a close-packed structure at very low temperatures and sufficiently large N. The melting line drops to T{sub M}(N)=O for N<65, where electronic magic numbers are stable even at T=O. The phase diagram reduces asymptotically to the known phases of sodium as N{yields}{infinity}, including the known martensitic transformation at T{approximately}5 K. The second and the last part of this thesis consists of a study of small-cluster many-body systems by means of an on-site local'' chemical potential which allows the continuous variation of local electron-density. This method yields a criterion to distinguish particular features of a small cluster that are likely to survive …
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Maiti, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fossil Energy Advanced Research and Technology Development (AR TD) Materials Program semiannual progress report for the period ending September 30, 1991
The objective of the Fossil Energy Advanced Research and Technology Development Materials Program is to conduct research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The Program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. Research is outlined in four areas: Ceramics, New Alloys, Corrosion and Erosion Research, and Technology Development and Transfer. (VC)
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Judkins, R.R. & Cole, N.C. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Synchrotron Light Source annual report 1991
This report discusses the following research conducted at NSLS: atomic and molecular science; energy dispersive diffraction; lithography, microscopy and tomography; nuclear physics; UV photoemission and surface science; x-ray absorption spectroscopy; x-ray scattering and crystallography; x-ray topography; workshop on surface structure; workshop on electronic and chemical phenomena at surfaces; workshop on imaging; UV FEL machine reviews; VUV machine operations; VUV beamline operations; VUV storage ring parameters; x-ray machine operations; x-ray beamline operations; x-ray storage ring parameters; superconducting x-ray lithography source; SXLS storage ring parameters; the accelerator test facility; proposed UV-FEL user facility at the NSLS; global orbit feedback systems; and NSLS computer system.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Hulbert, S.L. & Lazarz, N.M. (eds.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dielectric energy versus plasma energy, and Hamiltonian action-angle variables for the Vlasov equation
Expressions for the energy content of one-dimensional electrostatic perturbations about homogeneous equilibria are revisited. The well-known dielectric energy, {var epsilon}{sub D}, is compared with the exact plasma free energy expression, {delta}{sup 2}F, that is conserved by the Vlasov-Poisson system. The former is an expression in terms of the perturbed electric field amplitude, while the latter is determined by a generating function, which describes perturbations of the distribution function that respect the important constraint of dynamical accessibility of the system. Thus the comparison requires solving the Vlasov equation for such a perturbations of the distribution function in terms of the electric field. This is done for neutral modes of oscillation that occur for equilibria with stationary inflection points, and it is seen that for these special modes {delta}{sup 2}F = {var epsilon}{sub D}. In the case of unstable and corresponding damped modes it is seen that {delta}{sup 2}F {ne} {var epsilon}{sub D}; in fact {delta}{sup 2}F {equivalent to} 0. This failure of the dielectric energy expression persists even for arbitrarily small growth and damping rates since {var epsilon}{sub D} is nonzero in this limit, whereas {delta}{sup 2}F remains zero. The connection between the new exact energy expression and the at-best approximate …
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Morrison, P.J. (Texas Univ., Austin, TX (United States). Inst. for Fusion Studies) & Pfirsch, D. (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Garching (Germany))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tutorial on neural network applications in high energy physics: A 1992 perspective
Feed forward and recurrent neural networks are introduced and related to standard data analysis tools. Tips are given on applications of neural nets to various areas of high energy physics. A review of applications within high energy physics and a summary of neural net hardware status are given.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Denby, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aquatic species project report: FY 1991
This report summarizes the progress and research accomplishments of the Aquatic Species Project, which is managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the US Department of Energy. The project is focused on applying genetic engineering techniques to enhance the lipid, or oil, production of microalgae. Those lipids can be extracted and processed into high-energy liquid fuels such as diesel. Because microalgae require carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse'' gas, as a nutrient, project researchers also study the role that microalgae could play in a possible global climate change mitigation strategy.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Brown, L.M. (National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)) & Sprague, S. (USDOE, Washington, DC (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A novel carbon-based process for flue gas cleanup
The objective of this project is to demonstrate the preliminary technical and economic feasibility of a novel carbon-based process for removal of at least 95% SO{sub 2} and at least 75% NO{sub x} coal combustion flue gas. In the process, flue gas leaving the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is passed through a trickle bed of achieved carbon catalyst employing a periodic flush of low strength sulfuric acid. The SO{sub 2} is oxidized to SO{sub 3} and removed as medium strength sulfuric acid. The SO{sub 2}-free flue gas is then mixed with NH{sub 3}, and the NO{sub x} in the gas is subjected to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to N{sub 2} over a fixed bed of activated carbon catalyst. The experimental work is divided between Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and the University of Waterloo (Waterloo). RTI will conduct the NO{sub x} removal studies, whereas Waterloo will conduct the SO{sub 2} removal studies. The ultimate goal of the project is to demonstrate that the process can be reduce the cost of electricity by 20% over conventional SCR/flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. In the present quarter, the continuous SO{sub 2} analyzer system at Waterloo was completed. The SO{sub 2} removal factorial experiments were begun …
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Gangwal, S.K. (Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)) & Silveston, P.L. (Waterloo Univ., ON (Canada))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Probe molecule studies: Active species in alcohol synthesis
The goal of this research is to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms of formation of alcohols and other oxygenates from syngas over supported catalysts. Probe molecules will be added in situ during the reaction to help delineate reaction pathways and identify reaction intermediate species. The key of our study is to investigate how the species generated by these probe molecules interact with surface species present during oxygenate formation.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Blackmond, D.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Foreign experience on effects of extended dry storage on the integrity of spent nuclear fuel
This report summarizes the results of a survey of foreign experience in dry storage of spent fuel from nuclear power reactors that was carried out for the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM). The report reviews the mechanisms for degradation of spent fuel cladding and fuel materials in dry storage, identifies the status and plans of world-wide experience and applications, and documents the available information on the expected long-term integrity of the dry-stored spent fuel from actual foreign experience. Countries covered in this survey are: Argentina, Canada, Federal Republic of Germany (before reunification with the former East Germany), former German Democratic Republic (former East Germany), France, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the former USSR (most of these former Republics are now in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)). Industrial dry storage of Magnox fuels started in 1972 in the United Kingdom; Canada began industrial dry storage of CANDU fuels in 1980. The technology for safe storage is generally considered to be developed for time periods of 30 to 100 years for LWR fuel in inert gas and for some fuels in oxidizing gases at low temperatures. Because it will …
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Schneider, K.J. & Mitchell, S.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of particle rebound characteristics and material erosion at high temperature
In this research an investigation was conducted to study the ash particle rebound characteristics and the associated erosion behavior of alloys and coatings which are widely used in gas and steam turbines. A three-component LDV system was used to measure the restitution parameters of 15 micron mean diameter coal ash particles impacting superalloys and coating at different angles. The presented results show the variation of the particle restitution ratios with the impingement angle for the coated and uncoated surfaces. The experimental results were used to develop correlations for the restitution parameters for coated and uncoated superalloys. In addition, a theoretical model based on elastic-plastic theory has been developed to simulate single solid particle impacts on solid targets.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Tabakoff, W.; Hamed, A.; Metwally, A. & Yeuan, J. (Cincinnati Univ., OH (United States). Dept. of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mode methods for strain-hardening structures
An approximation method is being developed to predict the dynamic plastic response of rigid, strain-hardening structures. This method is analogous to the instantaneous mode techniques used to treat rigid, perfectly plastic structures in that a deflection shape involving a number of arbitrary functions of time is selected, based on static deformation profiles. Two stress fields are associated with the deflection shape: One satisfies the equations of motion with appropriate boundary and continuity conditions, and the other satisfies the strain-hardening constitutive relation with appropriate boundary and smoothness conditions. The method is illustrated using the case of a simply-supported beam with a central plastic region.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Youngdahl, C.K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Innovative technology demonstrations
Currently, several innovative technologies are being demonstrated at Tinker Air Force Base (TAFB) to address specific problems associated with remediating two contaminated test sites at the base. Cone penetrometer testing (CPT) is a form of testing that can rapidly characterize a site. This technology was selected to evaluate its applicability in the tight clay soils and consolidated sandstone sediments found at TAFB. Directionally drilled horizontal wells have been successfully installed at the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site to test new methods of in situ remediation of soils and ground water. This emerging technology was selected as a method that may be effective in accessing contamination beneath Building 3001 without disrupting the mission of the building, and in enhancing the extraction of contamination both in ground water and in soil. A soil gas extraction (SGE) demonstration, also known as soil vapor extraction, will evaluate the effectiveness of SGE in remediating fuels and TCE contamination contained in the tight clay soil formations surrounding the abandoned underground fuel storage vault located at the SW Tanks Site. In situ sensors have recently received much acclaim as a technology that can be effective in remediating hazardous waste sites. Sensors can be useful …
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Anderson, D.B.; Hartley, J.N. & Luttrell, S.P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Novel nanodispersed coal liquefaction catalysts: Molecular design via microemulsion-based synthesis
The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal-bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis will be on iron- and molybdenum-based catalysts, but the techniques to be developed should also be generally applicable. (VC)
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Osseo-Asare, K.; Boakye, E.; Vaidyanathan, N. & Radovic, L.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Balance in machine architecture: Bandwidth on board and offboard, integer/control speed and flops versus memory
The issues to be addressed here are those of balance'' in machine architecture. By this, we mean how much emphasis must be placed on various aspects of the system to maximize its usefulness for physics. There are three components that contribute to the utility of a system: How the machine can be used, how big a problem can be attacked, and what the effective capabilities (power) of the hardware are like. The effective power issue is a matter of evaluating the impact of design decisions trading off architectural features such as memory bandwidth and interprocessor communication capabilities. What is studied is the effect these machine parameters have on how quickly the system can solve desired problems. There is a reasonable method for studying this: One selects a few representative algorithms and computes the impact of changing memory bandwidths, and so forth. The only room for controversy here is in the selection of representative problems. The issue of how big a problem can be attacked boils down to a balance of memory size versus power. Although this is a balance issue it is very different than the effective power situation, because no firm answer can be given at this time. The …
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Fischler, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High pressure and synchrotron radiation studies of solid state electronic instabilities
This report discusses Eu and General Valence Instabilities; Ce Problem: L{sub 3} Spectroscopy Emphasis; Bulk Property Emphasis; Transition Metal Compound Electronic Structure; Electronic Structure-Phonon Coupling Studies; High Temperature Superconductivity and Oxide Materials; and Novel Materials Collaboration with Chemistry.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Pifer, J.H. & Croft, M.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library