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U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. President Putin's 2004 proposal to restructure the government has been supported by international observers. The U.S. Administration and Congress have welcomed some cooperation with Russia on vital U.S. national security concerns, including the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, among other issues.

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Vladimir Putin won reelection as Russian President in March 2004, in an exercise in “managed democracy” in which he took 71% of the vote and faced no serious competition. The pro-Putin Unified Russia party similarly swept the parliamentary election in December 2003 and controls more than two-thirds of the seats in the Duma. Also in March, Putin replaced long-serving Premier Kasyanov with a little-known bureaucrat, Mikhail Fradkov, indicating Putin’s intent to take the reins of the government even more completely into his own hands.

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Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: North Africa, Command, Libya, New Guinea, Solomons, Burma, Russia, Fr. Somaliland. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: Indonesia -- Rostov region [USSR]. Photographs: Blimp patrol -- Supplies for Guadalcanal -- Along the road to Tunisia. Back: The Nerve System of the Army: text, illustration, and photographs show contributions of the Signal Corps to the war effort.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Rabaul, Solomons, Pacific, Wake, New Guinea, Burma, North Africa, Russia, Aleutians. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: Tunisia; USSR. Photographs: Japanese Bull's eye [a Nip carrier making a perfect circle trying to escape in the Battle of Midway]; "Kamerad" in Tunisia; Waiting for actions on a U.S. carrier; "General winter". Back: "Learn to Recognize These Vehicles" poster gives identifying features and illustrations of various heavy tanks and self-propelled artillery.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: New Guinea, Solomons, Tunisia, Burma, Libya, Europe, Russia, supply. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps: [New Guinea] -- [Tunisia] -- [U.S.S.R.] Photographs: Southwest Pacific bombing mission; Trophies of war; Navy scout boards its cruiser. Back:"Learn to Recognize These Vehicles : Medium Tanks and Self-Propelled Artillery" poster gives identifying features and illustrations of various vehicles.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Tripoli, Western Europe, Guadalcanal, New Guinea, Pacific and Far East, Russia, Chile, Iraq. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps: Tunisia/Libya ; Russian Front. Photographs: North Africa; Forward positions: Guadalcanal; Not in "Mein Kampf" [retreating German panzers struggling through mud]; Jap ships feel U.S. air blows. Back: Poster illustrating Italian Navy uniforms and insignia. Includes Italian pronunciation chart.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: New Britain, Air offensive, USSR, Italy, Scharnhorst, Command. Maps: Central Italy showing rivers and roads, Distance from London to the coast of France near Boulogne, Coastline of northern Scandinavia. Photographs: American 155mm gun fires on German positions at Mignano; American soldiers temporarily reside in holes on Venafro Ridge; Equipment retreating Germans used to tear up railroad tracks; Allied troops clear the torn up tracks to use the road bed as a highway; An LST lands at Mono Island. Back: Color map of northeast New Guinea/New Britain.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: U.S.S.R., Southwest Pacific, Italy, Air offensive Maps: Central Italy, Rumania/Poland, New Britain Island./ Inset maps: Cassino region; Chieti region. Photographs: Delivering supplies to troops in Central Italy, Gen. Eisenhower with Sir Charles Poetal and Sir Arthur Tedder after the Tehran conference, Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery, and Gen. Sir Alan Brooke inspect Nazi prisoners on the Italian front in New Zealand; Germans prepare to evacuate the Crimea, Landing craft are protected by B-25 medium bombers at Arawe. Back: Illustration and photographs show the many ways Army nurses serve.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: USSR, Burma, Air war, Italy, Southwest Pacific, Yugoslavia, Jet plane. Map inset: Enemy controlled areas across the globe Photographs: Chinese workers and soldiers pack dirt for an airfield in southeastern China; WACs Capt. Elizabeth Lutze, Sheboygan, Wis., Lt. Sally Dean, Battle Creek, Mich. and Flight officer Margaret Maude, WAAF, London, pause behind a sacred cow lying in front of a bazaar in Delhi, India; U.S. engineers supervise the building of the new Ledo Road in northern Burma; Lt. Gen. Krueger watches the plane taking Gen. Marshall back to the U.S.; Gen. Marshall confers with Gen. Sir Thomas Blamey; Gen. George C. Marshall with Lieut. Gen. George C. Kenney, Maj. Gen. S.J. Chamberlain, Lieut. Gen. Walter Krueger, Gen. Marshall and Gen. MacArthur; Logone, Italy during a battle between Fifth Army artillery and German forces; Soldiers look for salvage in a pile of shell cases and containers following a barrage against German positions in Cassino; American soldiers of the Fifth Army repair a tank motor near battle lines. Back: Map of Southeast Asia.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: USSR, Italy, Air war, Southwest Pacific, Burma. Map shows Allied advances during the week. Photographs: Cruiser U.S.S. Duluth shortly before being christened; Petty Officer Alex Holgate acknowledges a voice order during gunnery exercises; Bows-on view of a 10,000 ton Independence class carriers; Jungle training involving .30 caliber air-cooled machine guns; Italian refugees pass disabled American tanks; Italian battlescape near San Vitore; Allied Military Government officials question an Italian wheat farmer; Quartermaster Corps sort through a mountain of shoes and clothes to determine what will be reconditioned; Nazis from the Hermann Goering Division are led into custody by Pfc. Ira O. Creed, of Johnson City, Tenn. Back: [text and col. ill.]: German Army uniforms [field gray, tropical, mobile troops, mountain].

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, USSR, Pacific, Europe. Inset maps: [Central Italy] -- [USSR]. Photographs: Nazi multi-barrel rocket weapon, Mine and booby trap training, Twenty-fifth division men in a Southwest Pacific combat area, Winter flying conditions in Sicily, Propeller trip vapor trails, Revetments and flak guns, "Zebra" dazzle camouflaged PT boat, Two members of a German submarine boat, Jeri-cans. Back: Map of France. Scale: [ca 1:1,267,200] 1 map : col. ; 105 x 82 cm.

Front: Text describes 5 Moscow conference decisions. Maps: Moscow conference decisions as reflected on the global map. Includes photograph of Ernest Bevin (Britain), V. M. Molotov (Russia) and James F. Byrnes (U.S.) Back: Reenlistment. List of reasons to reenlist. Charts of income and retirement income for enlisted classes.

In fiscal year 1994, the new states of the former Soviet Union became collectively the second largest recipient of U.S. foreign assistance made available from all sources. Whether and how the assistance program is helping to bring about democratic systems and free market economies is increasingly a question of interest to Congress and the public at large.

Russia has been invited to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) by July 23, 2012. This report looks at policy issues for Congress, and concerns for the US regarding conditions ensuring that Russia fulfills its obligations and provides meaningful trade and investment opportunities for U.S. firms.

The change in Russia's trade status will require legislation to lift the restrictions of Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 as they apply to Russia, which includes the “freedom-of-emigration” requirements of the Jackson-Vanik amendment. The process for Russia's accession has been completed. As a result, Members of the 112th Congress confront the issue of whether to grant Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR).

This report provides background information regarding the Nuclear Arms Control negotiations between U.S. and Russia. In addition it discusses treaties, the content and form of the agreements.

This report discusses key policy issues related to a nuclear cooperation agreement between the United States and Russia signed on May 6, 2008, including future nuclear energy cooperation with Russia, U.S.-Russian bilateral relations, nonproliferation cooperation, and Russia's policies toward Iran.

This thesis is a study and evaluation of Russian foreign policy in the Balkan Wars, 1912-13. Its primary purpose is to seek out and define the goals and aspirations of Russian diplomacy at this time and evaluate them in terms of success or failure.

Report that provides background information regarding the Nuclear Arms Control negotiations between U.S. and Russia. Articles of the Treaty of Moscow and force structures under this treaty are discussed.

This report provides basic information about U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons. It begins with a brief discussion of how these weapons have appeared in public debates in the past few decades, then summarizes the differences between strategic and nonstrategic nuclear weapons. It then provides some historical background, describing the numbers and types of nonstrategic nuclear weapons deployed by both nations during the Cold War and in the past decade; the policies that guided the deployment and prospective use of these weapons; and the measures that the two sides have taken to reduce and contain their forces. The report reviews the issues that have been raised with regard to U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons, and summarizes a number of policy options that might be explored by Congress, the United States, Russia, and other nations to address these issues.

This report discusses the role of nuclear arms control in the U.S.-Soviet relationship, bilateral treaties and unilateral steps the United States took to alter its nuclear posture, and the role of arms control in the U.S.- Russian relationship.