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Abortion Law Development: A Brief Overview
This report offers an overview of the development of abortion law from 1973 to the present. Beginning with a brief discussion of the historical background, the report analyzes the leading Supreme Court decisions over the past twenty-eight years, emphasizing particularly the landmark decisions in Roe and Doe, the Court’s shift in direction in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, and the Court’s most recent decision on abortion, Stenberg v. Carhart. The Court’s decisions on the constitutionality of restricting public funding for abortion are also discussed.
Date:
January 2, 2001
Creator:
Lewis, Karen J. & Shimabukuro, Jon O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Animal Agriculture: Issues in the 107th Congress
A variety of animal agriculture issues, including prices, the impact of consolidation in the meat production/packing industry, trade, and the environmental impacts of large feedlots, continue to generate interest in Congress. This issue brief discusses these issues, as well as the 2002 farm bill, which contains several provisions affecting animal agriculture, including protections for contract growers, disaster assistance, country-of-origin labeling, and increased funding for conservation purposes.
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Heykoop, Jerry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Oversight
Congressional oversight of policy implementation and administration, which has occurred throughout the U.S. government experience under the Constitution, takes a variety of forms and utilizes various techniques. These range from specialized investigations by select committees to annual appropriations hearings, and from informal communications between Members or congressional staff and executive personnel to the use of extra congressional mechanisms, such as offices of inspector general and study commissions. Oversight, moreover, is supported by a variety of authorities—the Constitution, public law, and chamber and committee rules—and is an integral part of the system of checks and balances between the legislature and the executive
Date:
January 2, 2001
Creator:
Kaiser, Frederick M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Colleges and Universities Attended by Senators of the 107th Congress
This report identifies the colleges and universities attended by Senators serving in the 107th Congress. Where available in published sources, the degrees earned are also listed.
Date:
January 2, 2002
Creator:
Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
USA PATRIOT Act Sunset: Provisions That Expire on December 31, 2005
None
Date:
January 2, 2004
Creator:
Doyle, Charles
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Nonproliferation Issues
None
Date:
January 2, 2002
Creator:
Behrens, Carl E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Middle East Peace Talks
None
Date:
January 2, 2002
Creator:
Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Compliance, Sanctions, and U.S. Policy
None
Date:
January 2, 2002
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Divergent Views on Military Action
None
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Tax Policy
Omnibus energy legislation (H.R. 4) that is now in conference would expand energy tax incentives significantly. The House passed the bill on August 2, 2001, and the Senate approved its version April 25, 2002. Several energy tax issues are addressed in these bills: 1) tax incentives to increase the supply of oil and gas, and the demand for coal; 2) energy tax issues relating to energy conservation and energy efficiency; 3) energy tax issues relating to alternative fuels; 4) selected issues relating to electricity restructuring; and 5) expiring energy tax provisions.
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Lazzari, Salvatore
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air Act Issues in the 107th Congress
Revisions to the air quality standards for ozone and particulates, promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1997, may also command renewed attention in the 107th Congress. The standards were challenged in the courts, and implementation is currently in limbo, pending resolution of appeals to the Supreme Court. The Court heard oral arguments November 7, 2000, and a decision is expected in spring 2001. The decision is likely to stimulate congressional oversight, and perhaps legislation.
Date:
January 2, 2001
Creator:
McCarthy, James E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
COLAs for Military Retirees: Summary of Congressional and Executive Branch Action, 1982-2001 (FY1983-FY2002)
The Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1982 (which applied to FY1983 budget issues) suspended previously existing permanent law pertaining to cost-of-living adjustments(COLAs) for federal civilian and military retirees, and changed the COLA calculation formulas to postpone and/or reduce future COLAs for military retirees during 1983-1985 (FY1984-FY1986).This report examines executive and congressional COLA-related initiatives associated with each of the fiscal year budgeting processes from calendar year 1982 (FY1983) through calendar year 2000 (FY2001).
Date:
January 2, 2002
Creator:
Goldich, Robert L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
COLAs for Military Retirees: Summary of Congressional and Executive Branch Action, 1982-2003 (FY1983-FY2004)
The Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1982 (which applied to FY1983 budget issues) suspended previously existing permanent law pertaining to cost-of-living adjustments(COLAs) for federal civilian and military retirees, and changed the COLA calculation formulas to postpone and/or reduce future COLAs for military retirees during 1983-1985 (FY1984-FY1986).This report examines executive and congressional COLA-related initiatives associated with each of the fiscal year budgeting processes from calendar year 1982 (FY1983) through calendar year 2000 (FY2001).
Date:
January 2, 2004
Creator:
Goldich, Robert L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Countries of the World and International Organizations: Sources of Information
This report provides a selection of materials for locating information on foreign countries and international organizations. In the general information section, it presents sources giving an overview of politics, economics, and recent history. A specialized information section cites sources on human rights, immigration, international organizations, military strengths, terrorism, and other topics. Included are titles of some of the most frequently consulted bibliographic sources that are available for use in many libraries. Electronic information on foreign countries is also provided, via the Internet, by agencies of the federal government, international organizations, and related sources. Included is a list of foreign chanceries located in Washington, DC.
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Salazar, Barbara A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2003
This report provides an overview on federal research and development funding for FY2003.
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Davey, Michael E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Social Security and Medicare Taxes and Premiums: Fact Sheet
None
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Kollmann, Geoffrey
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federalism, State Sovereignty and the Constitution: Basis and Limits of Congressional Power
This report discusses state and federal legislative power generally and focuses on a number of these "federalism" cases. Issues addressed include congressional power under the Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment; constitutional limits on congressional powers, such as the Tenth Amendment; and state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment.
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Thomas, Kenneth R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Export Administration Act of 1979 Reauthorization
The Export Administration Act of 2001 was introduced on January 23, 2001. Hearings were held by the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, and the bill was reported for consideration by the full Senate by a vote of 19-1 to March 22, 2001. A companion version in the House, H.R. 2581, was introduced by Rep. Gilmanon July 20, 2001. The House International Relations Committee reported the measure with 35 amendments on August 1. The Export Administration Act of 1979 expired on August 20, 2001, however the President extended export control authority and the Export Administration Regulations by invoking the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. During the 106th Congress, both houses held hearings on export control legislation and the Senate Banking Committee voted to adopt the Export Administration Act of 1999 (S. 1712, reported on October 8, 1999, S.Rept. 106-180).
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Fergusson, Ian F.; Shuey, Robert; Elwell, Craig K. & Grimmett, Jeanne J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Export Administration Act: Controversy and Prospects
The 108th Congress again is expected to consider legislation to rewrite or to reauthorize the Export Administration Act (EAA). In the 107th Congress, the Export Administration Act of 2001 (S. 149) was introduced on January 23, 2001. The Senate passed S. 149 on September 6, 2001 by a vote of 85-14. A companion version in the House, H.R. 2581, was introduced by Rep. Gilman on July 20, 2001. The House International Relations Committee reported the measure with 35 amendments on August 1. The House Armed Services Committee further amended H.R. 2581 and reported out the bill on March 6, 2002. The difficulty in passing a comprehensive rewrite of the EAA has resulted, in part, from the continuing tension between national security and commercial concerns. Industry groups, proponents of heightened export controls, the Administration, and Congress have all participated in the reauthorization debate.
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Fergusson, Ian F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Free Trade Area of the Americas: Status of Negotiations and Major Policy Issues
At the second Summit of the Americas in Santiago, Chile (April 1998), 34 Western Hemisphere nations agreed to initiate formal negotiations to create a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) by 2005. The process so far has led to two draft texts, the second completed for the November 1, 2002 trade ministerial in Quito, Ecuador. The many sections of “bracketed” text indicate that there are still significant differences to be worked out. Although implementing legislation is not anticipated until the next Congress at the earliest, for an FTAA agreement to be signed in January 2005, the 108th Congress, having an expanded oversight authority as defined in the Trade Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-210), will play a crucial role during this last phase of the FTAA negotiations. This report will be updated periodically.
Date:
January 2, 2003
Creator:
Hornbeck, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Military Retirement: Major Legislative Issues
None
Date:
January 2, 2002
Creator:
Goldich, Robert L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Border Security and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to improve border security is a technique that has garnered congressional attention. This report examines the strengths and limitations of deploying UAVs along the borders and related issues for Congress. This report is not intended to provide in-depth information regarding technical or military capabilities of UAVs, but to discuss their application at the border.
Date:
January 2, 2004
Creator:
Blazakis, Jason
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MTBE in Gasoline: Clean Air and Drinking Water Issues
None
Date:
January 2, 2004
Creator:
McCarthy, James E. & Tiemann, Mary
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Water Act Issues in the 107th Congress
Key water quality issues that may face the 107th Congress include: actions to implement existing provisions of the Clean Water Act (CWA), whether additional steps are necessary to achieve overall goals of the Act, and the appropriate federal role in guiding and paying for clean water activities. Legislative prospects for comprehensively amending the Act have for some time stalled over whether and exactly how to change the law. If clean water issues receive attention in the 107th Congress, consideration of specific issues will depend in part on the CWA policy agenda of the new Bush Administration and on priorities of the key committees that have major jurisdiction over the Act.
Date:
January 2, 2002
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library