From Termination to Self-Determination: Indian Health in Oklahoma, 1954-1980, Part 2 (open access)

From Termination to Self-Determination: Indian Health in Oklahoma, 1954-1980, Part 2

The second part of this two-part article continues the evaluation of the problems in Indian healthcare and the campaign led by Senators Fred Harris and Dewey Bartlett to correct a record of neglect. The healthcare problem after 1970 was linked to a new federal policy of tribal self-determination.
Date: Spring 2008
Creator: Lowitt, Richard, 1922-2018
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Sustaining the Cherokee's Lamp of Enlightenment: The Establishment of Northeastern State Normal School (open access)

Sustaining the Cherokee's Lamp of Enlightenment: The Establishment of Northeastern State Normal School

Article describes the political and social process of convincing the legislature to place one of the state's normal schools, or teachers' colleges, in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. By this process local citizens of Tahlequah secured Northeastern State Normal School for their town.
Date: Winter 2008
Creator: Agnew, Brad
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"A Nomad in White Man's Jungle": An Introduction to the Works of Louis Oliver (open access)

"A Nomad in White Man's Jungle": An Introduction to the Works of Louis Oliver

Article analyzing the literary work of Louis Oliver, American Indian writer and poet.
Date: Winter 2009
Creator: Schmidtke, Carsten
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"A Few Hundred People Can't Do Anything with 75 Million!": The Cherokee Advocate and the Inevitability of Allotment (open access)

"A Few Hundred People Can't Do Anything with 75 Million!": The Cherokee Advocate and the Inevitability of Allotment

This article chronicles the effort of The Cherokee Advocate newspaper to inform readers about the benefits and perils of assigning land to individuals and to urge Cherokees understand the necessity of allotment.
Date: Spring 2010
Creator: Miller, Robert D.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Park Hill Mission: Letters from a Missionary Family (open access)

The Park Hill Mission: Letters from a Missionary Family

Article describes the lives of Reverend Joseph Leiper, wife Fanny Leiper, and Joseph's aunt Margeret McCarrell in their lives as Presbyterian missionaries running the Park Hill Mission, which functioned as both a church and a school for Cherokee residents of the area. Krisitna L. Southwell also describes the founding of the McCarrell Institute, one of the only schools for African American children in the area at the time.
Date: Summer 2000
Creator: Southwell, Kristina L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Ensign L. L. Culver: "You can call me salty now" (open access)

Ensign L. L. Culver: "You can call me salty now"

Article recounts the life and rigorous training experience of undertaker-turned-ensign L.L. Culver in the United States navy in the early years of World War II. Brad Agnew reconstructs the officer's experiences from letters sent home, and concludes the article with the beginning of a journey that is continued in the Spring 2003 issue of The Chronicles of Oklahoma.
Date: Winter 2002
Creator: Agnew, Brad
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Notes and Documents, Winter 2012-13 (open access)

Notes and Documents, Winter 2012-13

Notes and Documents column including James G. McCullagh's "Mayme Jane Starr (1879-1901): A "Cherokee Rose Bud" and Her Family Remembered," a short article that remembers the life of Mayme Jane Starr, a Cherokee woman and educator at Cherokee National Female Seminary.
Date: Winter 2012
Creator: McCullagh, James G.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Park Hill's Ross Cemetery (open access)

Park Hill's Ross Cemetery

Article relates the results of the survey that took place in Fall 2000 and Spring 2001 by Lois E. Wilson Albert and members of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society to thoroughly document the Ross Cemetery at Park Hill for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. The Ross Cemetery contains the remains of members of one of the most prominent Cherokee families of the nineteenth century.
Date: Spring 2013
Creator: Wilson Albert, Lois E.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Rex Brinlee: The Man and His Escape (open access)

Rex Brinlee: The Man and His Escape

This article tells the story of notorious criminal Rex Brinlee, who is best known for his multiple escapes from the Oklahoma State Penitentiary. The article interweaves the details of his crimes with larger state events, including the McAlester Prison Riot.
Date: Summer 2013
Creator: Reavis, Jack Anthony
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Gridiron Pioneers at the Cherokee National Male Seminary, 1896-1909 (open access)

Gridiron Pioneers at the Cherokee National Male Seminary, 1896-1909

Article tells the story of Cherokee National Male Seminary's football team and its players who shaped the legacy of the team and the future of the Cherokee Nation.
Date: Autumn 2014
Creator: McCullagh, James G. & Schmidt, Stephanie
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Cherokee Male Seminary Baseball Team, 1876-1908 (open access)

The Cherokee Male Seminary Baseball Team, 1876-1908

Article traces the history of baseball at the Cherokee Male Seminary, chronicling the names of the men who played and the successes and failures of the teams.
Date: Summer 2015
Creator: McCullagh, James G.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Spreading the gospel in Indian Territory and Early Oklahoma: The Reverend F. F. Dobson and Anna (Truan) Dobson (open access)

Spreading the gospel in Indian Territory and Early Oklahoma: The Reverend F. F. Dobson and Anna (Truan) Dobson

Article provides a biographical tribute to Presybterian minister F. F. Dobson and his wife Anna, portraying the difficulties they faced in Indian Territory as well as their successes in joining the community.
Date: Winter 2016
Creator: Olds, Greg
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Reverend Theodore Manneseh Rights, His Sons, and the Cherokee National Male Seminary (open access)

Reverend Theodore Manneseh Rights, His Sons, and the Cherokee National Male Seminary

Article investigates the education of three sons of Theodore M. Rights, a Moravian missionary to the Cherokee Nation, at Cherokee National Male Seminary and discusses the controversy surrounding the graduation of the second son, Eugene Jesse Rights.
Date: Winter 2016
Creator: McCullagh, James G.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
When the Cherokee Nation was a Mormon Sanctuary (open access)

When the Cherokee Nation was a Mormon Sanctuary

Article outlines the migration of Mormons from Texas to Utah in the mid-1800s, focusing on the period they spent living in the Cherokee Nation before deciding whether to continue their trek or stay and settle in Indian Territory.
Date: Summer 2017
Creator: LeBaron, Allen
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Simon Ralph "S.R." Walkingstick: A Cherokee Leader (open access)

Simon Ralph "S.R." Walkingstick: A Cherokee Leader

Article traces the life and genealogy of S. R. Walkingstick to show the ways in which one Cherokee family contributed to the tribal and state community.
Date: Summer 2018
Creator: McCullagh, James G.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cherokee National Female Seminary Principal Teacher Etta Jane Rider and Her Assistant Teachers, 1901-04 (open access)

Cherokee National Female Seminary Principal Teacher Etta Jane Rider and Her Assistant Teachers, 1901-04

Article provides a biographical tribute to Etta Jane Rider, principal teacher of the Cherokee National Female Seminary from 1901-1904, and to the assistant teachers who joined her in educating young Cherokee women.
Date: Winter 2018
Creator: McCullagh, James G. & Davis, James S.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Around Tahlequah Council Fires: The Life of Oklahoma Historian T. L. Ballenger (open access)

Around Tahlequah Council Fires: The Life of Oklahoma Historian T. L. Ballenger

Article describes the life of Tom Lee Ballenger, a professor at Northeastern State University in Tahlequah who spent a lifetime educating students and researching the history of Oklahoma. The title of the article is taken from an anthology Ballenger wrote about the capital of the Cherokee Nation and the people who established it.
Date: Autumn 1982
Creator: Agnew, Brad
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A Legacy of Education: The History of the Cherokee Seminaries (open access)

A Legacy of Education: The History of the Cherokee Seminaries

Article depicts the construction and history of the Cherokee National Female and Male Seminaries near Park Hill. Brad Agnew highlights accounts from educators, students, Indian agents, and the Cherokee administration to provide a more complete picture of the legacy and impact of these institutions.
Date: Summer 1985
Creator: Agnew, Brad
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Final Campaign: The Confederate Offensive of 1864 (open access)

The Final Campaign: The Confederate Offensive of 1864

Article details the campaign of Confederate Major General Samuel Bell Maxey against the federal army at Forts Smith and Gibson in Indian Territory. Tom Franzmann attests that the campaign is often overlooked in Oklahoma history and requires a more thorough exposure to determine its effectiveness.
Date: Autumn 1985
Creator: Franzmann, Tom L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Diana, Tiana, or Talihina? The Myth and Mystery of Sam Houston's Cherokee Wife (open access)

Diana, Tiana, or Talihina? The Myth and Mystery of Sam Houston's Cherokee Wife

Article examines the identity of Sam Houston's part-Cherokee wife, who has been attributed several different names in historical documentation related to her existence. Stan Hoig investigates the women who might have possibly been confused with Diana, Tiana, or Talahina Houston, as well as how this confusion left its mark on a grave.
Date: Summer 1986
Creator: Hoig, Stan
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
State Protection of Historical Centers (open access)

State Protection of Historical Centers

Article introduces and transcribes the round-table discussion of members of the Oklahoma Historical Society at their annual meeting at Tahlequah on May 7 regarding state protection of historical centers. Berlin B. Chapman records what was said by Dr. J. Stanley Clark, Colonel George H. Shirk, Dr. Emma Estill-Harbour, Miss Muriel H. Wright, Mr. Thomas J. Harrison, Dr. Berlin B. Chapman, Dr. Anna Lewis, and Dr. Angie Debo.
Date: Summer 1951
Creator: Chapman, Berlin B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Andrew Nave Letters: New Cherokee Source Material at Northeastern State College (open access)

The Andrew Nave Letters: New Cherokee Source Material at Northeastern State College

Article discusses the contents of the Andrew Nave Letters, a collection donated by the Nave family to Northeastern State University. Since Andrew Nave ran a store in Tahlequah and Park Hill and was the son-in-law of Cherokee chief John Ross, the materials can serve as a source of information for the business affairs of the Cherokee Nation.
Date: Spring 1952
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Colored High School of the Cherokee Nation (open access)

The Colored High School of the Cherokee Nation

Article discusses the call for and establishment of a high school for freedmen in the Cherokee Nation in 1890, the rights black freed persons had in early Indian Territory, the students who attended the school, and records of the school.
Date: Winter 1952
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Restoration of the Worcester Cemetery, Old Park Hill (open access)

Restoration of the Worcester Cemetery, Old Park Hill

Article describes the project led by the Oklahoma Historical Society to acquire and preserve the Worcester Mission cemetery at Park Hill. T. L. Ballenger discusses the history of Worcester cemetery and includes a roster of the individuals buried there.
Date: Summer 1953
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History