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Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy (open access)

Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy

This report provides an overview of Lebanon and current issues of U.S. interest. It offers background information, analyzes recent developments and key legislative debates, and tracks legislation, U.S. assistance, and recent congressional action.
Date: February 14, 2014
Creator: Blanchard, Christopher M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The State of Democracy in the Arab World (open access)

The State of Democracy in the Arab World

This comparative study assesses the state of democracy and examines the process of democratization in the Arab World between the years 1980-1993. It addresses shortcomings in the mainstream democracy literature that excluded the Arab World from the global democratic revolution on political cultural grounds. To fulfil the objectives of this study, I employ both the qualitative and quantitative research approaches to test a number of hypothesized relationships. I hypothesize that transition to democracy is negatively associated with economic development, militarism, U.S. foreign policy, the political economy of oil, and dependency. I contend that emerging civil society institutions so far have had no significant effect on democratization in the Arab World. Finally, I hypothesize that the level of democracy in the Arab World is influenced greatly by the issue of civil rights. In order to investigate the hypothesized relationships, the following data sets have been used: Gastil's Freedom House Data set, "Repression and Freedom in the 1980s" data set, and Vanhanen's 1990 data set. The findings of this study support the aforementioned hypothesized relationships. I find that Arab countries, in general have made modest progress toward democracy, making the Arab World part of the global revolution.
Date: December 1995
Creator: Al-Olimat, Muhamad S. (Muhamad Salim)
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy (open access)

Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy

Report that provides an overview of Lebanon and current issues of U.S. interest. It offers background information, analyzes recent developments and key legislative debates, and tracks legislation, U.S. assistance, and recent congressional action.
Date: November 6, 2012
Creator: Blanchard, Christopher M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hezbollah: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Hezbollah: Background and Issues for Congress

Report that discusses Lebanon's Hezbollah, a Shiite Islamist militia, political party, social welfare organization, and U. S. State Department-designated terrorist organization. The report also discusses recent Hezbollah-related conflicts, Hezbollah's relationship with other Lebanese political parties, and U. S. policy regarding Hezbollah.
Date: January 3, 2011
Creator: Addis, Casey L. & Blanchard, Christopher M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
GEO Year Book 2007: An Overview of Our Changing Environment (open access)

GEO Year Book 2007: An Overview of Our Changing Environment

This publication is an overview of major global environmental issues and policy decisions during the course of 2007.
Date: 2007
Creator: United Nations Environment Programme
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress

Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement, is a Palestinian Islamist military and sociopolitical movement that grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood, a Sunni religious and political organization founded in Egypt in 1928 that has branches throughout the world. The United States, Israel, the European Union, and Canada consider Hamas a terrorist organization. The overarching U.S. goal regarding Hamas is to deter, transform, marginalize, or neutralize it so that it no longer presents a threat to Israel's security, to a peaceful and lasting resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, or to other U.S. interests. This report discusses U.S. efforts and policy debates on these issues.
Date: December 2, 2010
Creator: Zanotti, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Lebanon] (open access)

[News Script: Lebanon]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: 1969-04-24T24:00:00
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: International News] (open access)

[News Script: International News]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: April 30, 1969, 6:30 a.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Karami] (open access)

[News Script: Karami]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: April 24, 1969, 6:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Nasser] (open access)

[News Script: Nasser]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: March 27, 1969, 12:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Government Crisis] (open access)

[News Script: Government Crisis]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: April 25, 1969, 12:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: International News] (open access)

[News Script: International News]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: April 24, 1969, 6:30 a.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Lebanon] (open access)

[News Script: Lebanon]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: April 24, 1969, 10:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
The American University of Beirut and Its Educational Activities in Lebanon, 1920-1967 (open access)

The American University of Beirut and Its Educational Activities in Lebanon, 1920-1967

The purpose of this study was to trace the historical development of the American University of Beirut and its educational contributions in Lebanon and the Middle East from 1920 to 1967. Through their activities in the Levant in the early nineteenth century, the American missionaries virtually laid the foundations of the Syrian Protestant College, later known as the American University of Beirut. Though religion was the cornerstone in the founding of the University, under the pressure of the local environment, its secular character was to be substituted for the religious one. The establishment of the University in 1866 marked the beginning of the system of higher education in the Arab world. As the first established institution of higher learning, the University played a significant role in raising the level of literacy throughout the region. Despite the difficult times that the University faced throughout its history, it survived and continued its dedicated mission to serve the people of Lebanon and the entire area. For the University, the first 50 years under Ottoman rule was a period of surviving and maintaining its existence. With the freedom it came to enjoy during the French Mandate and later during independence, the University moved into …
Date: May 1988
Creator: Sayah, Edward
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Religious Resurgence and Religious Terrorism: a Study of the Actions of the Shiʹa Sectarian Movements in Lebanon (open access)

Religious Resurgence and Religious Terrorism: a Study of the Actions of the Shiʹa Sectarian Movements in Lebanon

The purpose for undertaking this case study of the Shi'a in Lebanon is threefold. First, as a hypothesis-generating case study, its objective is to formulate relevant hypotheses about religious resurgence and religious terrorism. This study achieves this objective by formulating 14 general and nine special hypotheses, and testing and confirming the latter. Second, the purpose of this study is also to explore the trajectory of the Lebanese Shi'a's sectarian mobilization. This exploration permits the conceptualization of geocultural immobility and its effect upon a religious minority. It deduces that the Lebanese Shiga's geo-cultural immobility is directly related to their active religious resurgence. The third purpose is to study the changes in the objectives and tactics of a religious minority, that of the Muslim Shi'a in Lebanon. This research is able, via its primary and secondary data, to show a relationship between the Lebanese Shiga's religious resurgence and their use of religious terrorism. This study introduces the concept of geo-cultural immobility. A minority's geo-cultural immobility is identified as an imposed low geographic mobility within a nation with low cultural pluralism. It establishes the Lebanese Shi'a's geo-cultural immobility, to which it attributes their religious resurgence. This Lebanese Shi'a religious resurgence is proven in …
Date: December 1988
Creator: Schbley, Ayla Hammond
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Comparative Study of Terrorism in Southwest Asia 1968-1982 (open access)

A Comparative Study of Terrorism in Southwest Asia 1968-1982

This study assumes that political terrorism results from conscious decision-making by groups opposing a governing system, policy or process. The kinds of terrorist activity employed depend upon such factors as the philosophy, goals, objectives, and needs of the terrorist group. This presents a comparative analysis of three types of terrorists in southwest Asia: Palestinians, Marxist-Leninists, and Muslims. The first section summarizes and compares the three groups' motivational causes, philosophies, histories and sources of inspiration. The second section compares their behavior from four perspectives: trends and patterns, level of violence, tactical preferences, and lethality. The third section identifies and categorizes socioeconomic, political and military variables associated with tactic selection and acts of terrorism.
Date: August 1990
Creator: Zonozy, Nassrullah Y. (Nassrullah Yeganeh)
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
International Peacekeeping Operations: Sinai, Congo, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Chad Lessons for the UN and OAU (open access)

International Peacekeeping Operations: Sinai, Congo, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Chad Lessons for the UN and OAU

Peacekeeping is a means by which international or regional organizations control conflict situations that are likely to endanger international peace and security. Most scholars have viewed the contributions of peacekeeping forces only in terms of failures, and they have not investigated fully the political-military circumstances" under which conflict control measures succeed. This dissertation is an attempt to bridge this gap and to show how the OAU compares with the UN in carrying out peacekeeping missions. The method of research was the case study method in which primary and secondary data was used to describe the situations in which six peacekeeping forces operated. The content of resolutions, official reports and secondary data were examined for non-trivial evidences of impediments to implementation of mandates. Findings from the research indicate that peacekeeping missions not properly backed by political efforts at settlement of disputes, cooperation of the superpowers, and financial and logistic support were ineffective and usually unsuccessful. Lack of consensus and pursuit of national interests have resulted in ambiguous or unrealistic mandates and have reduced the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations. Moreover, parties to a conflict were interested only in solutions that favored their interests and were often skeptical about the role and credibility …
Date: December 1989
Creator: Demsa, Paul Meslam, 1949-
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Israeli-Arab Negotiations: Background, Conflicts, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Israeli-Arab Negotiations: Background, Conflicts, and U.S. Policy

This report discusses issues related to peace in the Middle East, including post-Gulf War negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon; U.S. interest in these and continuing negotiations and peacetalks between Middle Eastern countries; and the role of the U.S., the U.N., the European Union, and Russia in Middle Eastern relations.
Date: June 9, 2009
Creator: Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Lebanon] (open access)

[News Script: Lebanon]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Lebanon's premier, Saeb Salam, ordering his army to repeal Israeli ground attacks.
Date: September 12, 1972, 10:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Lebanon military patrols] (open access)

[News Script: Lebanon military patrols]

Photocopy of a script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: September 22, 1972, 6:30 a.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Israeli strikes funeral] (open access)

[News Script: Israeli strikes funeral]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Israeli strikes sent to Syria and Lebanon.
Date: September 8, 1972, 10:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Lebanon] (open access)

[News Script: Lebanon]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: September 17, 1972, 10:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: News roundup] (open access)

[News Script: News roundup]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about a need for anti-cholera vaccine, joint space shots, German negotiations, and military spending.
Date: October 9, 1972, 6:30 a.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: World news] (open access)

[News Script: World news]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about the IRA making a truce with British forces in Northern Ireland, Egypt's leading publisher beig realeased from prison and the House Elect Crime Committee questioning Frank Sinatra.
Date: July 18, 1972, 6:30 a.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library