The processes are extremely compact. The process reagents are highly resistant to radiation damage and, therefore, can be used to handle short-cooled, highly concentrated waste with negligible degradation. Most reagents can be recycled back through the process many times, thereby minimizing the generation of waste products, and also reducing the process cost. Fission-product wastes are discharged from the process as concentrated, solid wastes, typically in a metal matrix suitable for permanent disposal. Long cooling periods are not needed prior to conversion to a suitable waste form. The recovered actinides are obtained as metals and cen be easily stored or shipped. Pyrochemical processing of nuclear fuels should be considered as a second generation technology.

The current program to convert biomass into liquid hydrocarbon fuels is an extension of the previous program to ferment marine algae to acetic acid. In that study, it was found that marine algae could be converted to higher aliphatic organic acids and that these acids could be readily removed from the fermentation both by membrane or liquid-liquid extraction. It was then proposed to convert these higher organic acids to aliphatic hydrocarbons via Kolbe Electrolysis, which may be used as a diesel fuel. The accompishments in this program for the first year of work are as follows: a coenzyme M anologue, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid has been shown to be an effective suppressor of methane in nonsterile anaerobic fermentation of cellulosic substrates; a tapered auger device has been designed and built which has been demonstrated on the bench to be effective for adding substrate and removing residue in a continuous manner from a fixed packed bed fermenter; a solvent extracter system using kerosene as the nonaqueous phase has been constructed and is currently in operation in series with the 300 liter fixed packed bed fermenter; although additional work is required to optimize the electrolysis process the electrolytic oxidation of organic acids produced in …

The SLC Arc magnets are subject to random displacements and field errors resulting in unpredictable transverse displacement of the central trajectory from that of the design. The chosen method of correcting this perturbed trajectory in the SLC Arcs utilizes mechanical movement of the combined function magnets which compose the Arc transport lines. Here we present the results of a recent investigation substantiating the earlier results which led to the adoption of this method.

In support of a fiber-tile calorimeter for SDC, we have done studies on a number of topics. The most basic problems were light output and uniformity of response. Using a small electron beam, we have studied fiber placement, tile preparation, wrapping and masking, fiber splicing, fiber routing, phototube response, and some degradation factors. We found two configurations which produced more light output than the others and reasonably uniform response. We have chosen one of these to go into production for the EM test module on the basis of fiber routing for ease of assembly of the calorimeter. We have also applied some of the tools we developed to CDF end plug tile uniformity, shower max testing and development for a couple of detectors, and development of better techniques for radiation damage studies. 18 figs.

Although limited, the results of tests evaluating the comparative effects of chlorinated and ozonated thermal discharges on mummichog and white perch indicate that the biological effects of ozonation are much less severe than those of chlorination. The data also show white perch to be more sensitive than mummichog to the tested biocides. The relative effects of ozonation and chlorination in the behavioral studies were similar to those observed in the toxicity studies. Cough rates were higher in chlorinated than in ozonated thermal discharges at similar test concentrations. Avoidance concentrations of white perch were less than those for mummichog and all determined avoidance concentrations were less than lethal levels. The biological effects of any oxidizing biocide on a given species, however, are usually site specific. The chlorine avoidance concentrations of white perch tested at Bergen averaged 0.04 mg/1 total chlorine but averaged 0.06 mg/1 total chlorine when tested in Delaware estuarine waters. Although the amount of data obtained at Bergen is not large, it is indicative of the comparative biological effects in despoiled waters. Assuming such waters will be improved, however, concern then arises over the comparative effects of chlorination and ozonation in waters which support large populations of aquatic organisms. …

The personnel neutron exposure potential at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is more diverse than at many other facilities, due to the wide range of neutron producing activities. Albedo energy response problems in the face of the diversity of sources, and a concern about possible photon interferences with the neutron albedo response, have prompted development of some additional dosimetry techniques to augment the personnel monitoring program. This work now consists of two programs - the dosimeter/spectrometer (DOSPEC) in which track etch detectors are added to the albedo badge to provide some energy evaluation and gamma insensitivity, and development of solid state thin film MOS detectors to provide a real time, gamma insensitive dosimeter.

We describe in detail the formulation and processing steps used to prepare all SYNROC D samples tested in the Comparative Leach Testing Program at the Savannah River Laboratory. We also discuss how the composition of the Savannah River Plant sludge influences the formulation and ultimate preparation of SYNROC D. Mechanical properties are reported in the categories of elastic constants, flexural and compressive strengths, and microhardness; thermal expansion and thermal conductivity results are presented. The thermal expansion data indicated the presence of significant residual strain and the possibility of an unidentified amorphous or glassy phase in the microstructure. We summarize the standardized (MCC) leaching results for both crushed Synroc and monoliths in deionized water, silicate water, and salt brine at 90/sup 0/C and 150/sup 0/C.

Throughout this project I have been involved in every step of the protocol. After proper training, I was introduced to the necessary lab techniques for the project. From then on it has been my responsibility to perform the necessary tasks to identify and isolate the mutants. This includes carrying out a detailed protocol of mixing reagents, streaking and incubating plates, inoculating cultures and evaluating any results in order to guide my actions for the next antibiotic concentration level. Simultaneously, I have been running PCR and sequencing reactions on all mutants in order to obtain the genetic sequence of the genes of interest for comparison. Once I have the gene sequences of interest I am able, with the aid of a sequencing program (Sequencher 4.2.2), to analyze the sequences of the mutants against that of a wild type strain. This entails aligning the DNA sequences of a given gene for each of the mutants and locating any base changes from the wild types bacteria's genes. These polymorphisms allow me to identify the QRDR for that particular gene. Depending on whether the polymorphism occurred at a low antibiotic concentration level or high concentration level, we can evaluate whether that change is necessary …

The need for a magnet circuit discharge system, in order to protect the magnet HTS leads during a power failure, has been discussed in recent MICE reports [1], [2]. In order to rapidly discharge a magnet, one has to put enough resistance across the lead. The resistance in this case is varistor that is put across the magnet in the event of a power outage. The resistance consists of several diodes, which act as constant voltage resistors and the resistance of the cables connecting the magnets in the circuit to each other and to the power supply. In order for the rapid discharge system to work without quenching the magnets, the voltage across the magnets must be low enough so that the diodes in the quench protection circuit don't fire and cause the magnet current to bypass the superconducting coils. It is proposed that six rapid discharge varistors be installed across the three magnet circuits the power the tracker solenoids, which are connected in series. The focusing magnets, which are also connected in series would have three varistors (one for each magnet). The coupling magnets would have a varistor for each magnet. The peak voltage that is allowed per varistor …

This report covers the following titles: (1) Fertility and litter size of normally ovulated and artificially ovulated mice; (2) Further studies on sterility produced in male mice by deuterium oxide; (3) Planarian disaggregation; (4) Uptake of organic compounds by planarians. II; (5) Effects of environmental complexity and training on acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase activity in rat brain; (6) Effects of environmental complexity and training on brain chemistry and anatomy among mature rats; (7) Improvements in paper chromatographic techniques for labeled cell extracts; (8) measurement and adjustment of pH in small volumes of solutions; (9) Carbon-14 and Nitrogen-15 tracer studies of amino acid synthesis during photosynthesis by Chlorella Pyrenoidosa; (10) Photosynthesis of {sup 14}C-labeled protein from {sup 14}CO{sub 2} by Chlorella; (11) Further studies on carboxydismutase; (12) Electron microscopy of chlorophyll a crystals; (13) The possible role of chromanyl phosphates in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation; (14) Oxidation-reductions of some coenzymes; (15) Preparation of some [{sup 14}C] labeled substances: glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconic acid, pyruvic acid, and succinic acid; (16) attempt to synthesize high molecular weight polynucleotides using Schramm's purely chemical method; and (17) Optical properties of some dye-polyanion complexes.

This document provides an update of the status of stacks on the Hanford Site and the potential radionuclide emissions, i.e., emissions that could occur with no control devices in place. This review shows the calculations that determined whether the total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) received by the maximum public receptor as a result of potential emissions from any one of these stacks would exceed 0.1 millirem/year. Such stacks require continuous monitoring of the effluent, or other monitoring, to meet the requirements of Washington Administrative code (WAC) 246-247-035(1)(a)(ii) and WAC 246-247-075(1), -(2), and -(6). This revised update reviews the potential-to-emit (PTE) calculations of 31 stacks for Fluor Hanford, Inc. Of those 31 stacks, 11 have the potential to cause a TEDE greater than 0.1 mrem/year.

An FPGA based digital signal processing (DSP) system for biasing and reading out multiplexed bolometric detectors for mm-wavelength telescopes is presented. This readout system is being deployed for balloon-borne and ground based cosmology experiments with the primary goal of measuring the signature of inflation with the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. The system consists of analog superconducting electronics running at 250 mK and 4 K, coupled to digital room temperature backend electronics described here. The digital electronics perform the real time functionality with DSP algorithms implemented in firmware. A soft embedded processor provides all of the slow housekeeping control and communications. Each board in the system synthesizes multi-frequency combs of 8 to 32 carriers in the MHz band to bias the detectors. After the carriers have been modulated with the sky-signal by the detectors, the same boards digitize the comb directly. The carriers are mixed down to base-band and low pass filtered. The signal bandwidth of 0.050Hz-100 Hz places extreme requirements on stability and requires powerful filtering techniques to recover the sky-signal from the MHz carriers.

This paper proposes new finite element spaces that can be constructed for agglomerates of standard elements that have certain regular structure. The main requirement is that the agglomerates share faces that have closed boundaries composed of 1-d edges. The spaces resulting from the agglomerated elements are subspaces of the original de Rham sequence of H{sup 1}-conforming, H(curl) conforming, H(div) conforming and piecewise constant spaces associated with an unstructured 'fine' mesh. The procedure can be recursively applied so that a sequence of nested de Rham complexes can be constructed. As an illustration we generate coarser spaces from the sequence corresponding to the lowest order Nedelec spaces, lowest order Raviart-Thomas spaces, and for piecewise linear H{sup 1}-conforming spaces, all in three-dimensions. The resulting V-cycle multigrid methods used in preconditioned conjugate gradient iterations appear to perform similar to those of the geometrically refined case.

TOPS is providing high-performance, scalable sparse direct solvers, which have had significant impacts on the SciDAC applications, including fusion simulation (CEMM), accelerator modeling (COMPASS), as well as many other mission-critical applications in DOE and elsewhere. Our recent developments have been focusing on new techniques to overcome scalability bottleneck of direct methods, in both time and memory. These include parallelizing symbolic analysis phase and developing linear-complexity sparse factorization methods. The new techniques will make sparse direct methods more widely usable in large 3D simulations on highly-parallel petascale computers.

This paper presents an approach to comparing computer run time of building simulation programs. The computing run time of a simulation program depends on several key factors, including the calculation algorithm and modeling capabilities of the program, the run period, the simulation time step, the complexity of the energy models, the run control settings, and the software and hardware configurations of the computer that is used to make the simulation runs. To demonstrate the approach, simulation runs are performed for several representative DOE-2.1E and EnergyPlus energy models. The computer run time of these energy models are then compared and analyzed.

In this report the event data model (EDM) relevant for tracking in the ATLAS experiment is presented. The core component of the tracking EDM is a common track object which is suited to describe tracks in the innermost tracking sub-detectors and in the muon detectors in offline as well as online reconstruction. The design of the EDM was driven by a demand for modularity and extensibility while taking into account the different requirements of the clients. The structure of the track object and the representation of the tracking-relevant information are described in detail.

Subclassification of ovarian carcinomas can be used to guide treatment and determine prognosis. Germline and somatic mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and epigenetic events such as promoter hypermethylation can lead to decreased expression of BRCA1/2 in ovarian cancers. The mechanism of BRCA1/2 loss is a potential method of subclassifying high grade serous carcinomas. A consecutive series of 49 ovarian cancers was assessed for mutations status of BRCA1 and BRCA2, LOH at the BRCA1 and BRCA2 loci, methylation of the BRCA1 promoter, BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, and PIK3CA transcript levels, PIK3CA gene copy number, and BRCA1, p21, p53, and WT-1 immunohistochemistry. Eighteen (37%) of the ovarian carcinomas had germline or somatic BRCA1 mutations, or epigenetic loss of BRCA1. All of these tumors were high-grade serous or undifferentiated type. None of the endometrioid (n = 5), clear cell (n = 4), or low grade serous (n = 2) carcinomas showed loss of BRCA1, whereas 47% of the 38 high-grade serous or undifferentiated carcinomas had loss of BRCA1. It was possible to distinguish high grade serous carcinomas with BRCA1 mutations from those with epigenetic BRCA1 loss: tumors with BRCA1 mutations typically had decreased PTEN mRNA levels while those with epigenetic loss of BRCA1 had …

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Linear-muffin-tin orbital calculations of the band structure and pressure-volume isotherms for fcc La, both at zero and finite temperatures. The calculated bulk modulus shows a rapid stiffening in the range from 40 to 50% compression, due to termination of the 6s to 5d electronic transition. When combined with a simple Slater model analysis, these results yield a temperature dependent peak in the lattice Grueneisen parameter. Experimental confirmation of this peak is found in an anomalous stiffening seen in the shock compression data for La, and it may also have some bearing on the observed saturation of the superconducting transition temperature in La around 200 kbar.

Using existing and new biological screening and testing systems, the presence of carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and physiologic or metabolically toxic agents associated with coal and oil shale extraction, conversion or utilization was identified. The purpose of the study is to further develop and apply the detection of morphologically abnormal mammalian sperm as a rapid, simple, quantitative assay of the pathologic response of the male gonad to toxic agents associated with the recovery, process stream, and emission of nonnuclear sources of energy, with primary attention to substances from in situ coal gasification and in situ oil-shale extraction. Changes in mouse sperm head dimensions following low dose x-ray exposure have been compiled and analyzed.

We have reexamined the goal of approx.10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ central-cell density with end-plugging and reconfirmed its importance as a test of thermal barrier end-plugging performance in either Tara or TMX-U. We conclude that, when all factors are considered including the impact on other programs interlinked with LLNL in the present OFE budget, the lowest cost approach to have a fair chance to meet this goal is to extend Tara operation for the full FY87. Continuation of TMX-U operation in FY87, in addition to the full year of Tara operation, would greatly improve the chance of success. Continuation of the mirror program into FY88 and beyond would be based on an experimental program in TMX-U and Tara at a minimum budget level of $25M/y, with restart of MFTF-B requiring an increase in the national fusion budget. The experimental program to be investigated by TMX-U and Tara would include improvement in the mgnetic geometry (stability, beta limits, and transport), continued plug studies (longer pulse length, impurities, drift pumping, and ECH efficiency), and transport studies (chi/sub e/, fueling, and halo formation).

The project objective is to produce sufficient information on the physical and chemical nature of Coolside waste to design and construct physically stable and environmentally safe landfills. No additional swell on samples reported last month has been observed. The permeability of a specimen remolded near 100% of standard dry density and optimum moisture content and aged 14 days was 7.43 [times] 10[sup [minus]6] cm/sec. Unconfined compressive strength tests and unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests were also performed and are reported. Work has been initiated toward filling the field lysimeters. Materials, equipment and supplies are being specified and ordered including 30,000 lbs of Ottawa sand to serve as the base layer in the lysimeters.

During this last quarter, evaluations were complete on the motor materials after 500-hr exposures to refrigerants CFC-123, HFC-134a and HCFC-22 at 90{degrees}C. Materials were also evaluated after exposure to nitrogen at 127{degrees}C to determine effect of the thermal exposure. Other exposures were started during this quarter with refrigerants HCFC-124, HFC-125, HFC-143a, HFC-32 and HFC-152a. One 500 hr exposure is set up per week and one is analyzed the same week. This will enable Trane to complete the 500 hour exposures by the end of the year.

A brief description and complete listings of the SOC finite-difference computer code and its related family of codes are given.