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Radionuclides in plankton from the South Pacific Basin
We have initiated an investigation of the utility of marine plankton as bioconcentrating samplers of low-level marine radioactivity in the southern hemisphere. A literature review has shown that both freshwater and marine plankton have trace element and radionuclide concentration factors (relative to water) of up to 10/sup 4/. We participated in Operations Deepfreeze 1981 and 1982, collecting a total of 48 plankton samples from the USCGC Glacier on its Antarctic cruises. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories sampled air, water, rain, and fallout. We were able to measure concentrations in plankton of the naturally-occurring radionuclides /sup 7/Be, /sup 40/K, and the U and Th series, and we believe that we have detected low levels of /sup 144/Ce and /sup 95/Nb in seven samples ranging as far south as 68/sup 0/. Biological identification of the plankton suggests a possible correlation between radionuclide concentration and the protozoa content of the samples. 7 references, 5 figures.
Date:
March 23, 1984
Creator:
Marsh, K.V. & Buddemeier, R.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report, February 1962
In the operation of 6-in.-dia. foam-liquid columns, increase in either the liquid flow or foam flow caused increased channeling with increased HTU. Flooding values for the Immi mixer-settler were obtalned using the amine extraction final cycle Pu flowsheet. Two tests of the addltlon of uranyl nitrate to a thoria sol were made, one of which gave a good product and the other a product which disintegrated during calcination. Material balances for 22 waste calcination runs are summarized. (auth)
Date:
August 23, 1962
Creator:
Whatley, M. E.; Haas, P. A.; Horton, R. W.; Ryon, A. D.; Suddath, J. C. & Watson, C. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report, June 1961
An interfacial viseometer was built for use in an interfacial phenomena study. Installation of a 6-in.-ID foam separation column system was completed. The dispersiondrying-sintering characteristics of six low-nitrate batches of thoria sol material were studied. The average effective porosity of the CuO pellets used for reactor helium purification was determined to be 0.0545 for H/ sub 2/ transport and 0.0526 for CO transport. In continuous Zirflex dissolution studies, no H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ decomposition was observed when 10% H/sub 2/O/sup 2 was fed into boiling dissoivent through a water-cooled nozzle and the oxygen concentration in the scrubbed off-gas could be used to control the H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ concentration in the dissolver. The free fluoride in Zirflex solutions must be maintained above 1 molar in order to prevent uranium precipitation at low concentrations of uranium even though the F/sup -//U ratio exceeds 100. Chopped stainless steel-clad UO/sub 2/ sections were leached in a 4 stage pyrex leacher model using 6, 7, and 8 M nitric acid as the dissolvent. The temperature distribution expected within fuel elements consisting of square arrays of tubes was calculated for shipping conditions assuming heat to be transferred only by radiation. HETS values were calculated for uranium stripping …
Date:
January 23, 1962
Creator:
Whatley, M. E.; Haas, P. A.; Horton, R. W.; Ryon, A. D.; Suddath, J. C. & Watson, C. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synergistic capture mechanisms for alkali and sulfur species from combustion
This report presents work done on a laboratory combustor in an attempt to identify mechanisms that govern the simultaneous capture of alkali and sulfur species using sorbent injection techniques. The mechanisms of capture fall into two broad categories i.e. Physical transport of alkali species (in vapor or condensed phase) to the sorbent surface and surface reaction between the alkali species and the sorbents. Water solubility, though not specific, has been used to get an indication of relative significance of these two broad mechanisms. It is assumed that the physically adsorbed alkali species on sorbents are predominantly water soluble while the chemically reacted alkali content is predominantly water insoluble. In order to infer possible dominant mechanisms, specific parameters has been varied during experimentation. Such parameters include, speciation, particle time-temperature history, and furnace burning conditions.
Date:
April 23, 1992
Creator:
Peterson, T.W.; Shadman, F.; Wendt, J.O.L. & Mwabe, P.O.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A TRANSISTORIZED ALPHA COUNTER FOR AN ALPHA GAUGE
A transistorized instrument prototype was designed and constructed to replace a vacuum-tube instrument in an alpha gauge, which measures the thickness density of gases. The instrument amplifies, shapes, discriminates, and counts alpha pulses from a Au-Si surface-barrier detector exposed to an alpha source in a gas-filled chamber. The circuit consists of a charge-sensitive preamplifier, a main amplifier with pulse clipping, a Schmitt trigger, a diode pump, and a count rate meter. Preliminary tests gave results comparable to the vacuum-tube instrument. Accuracy of counting was within 10% for 0.5- to 10-Mev alpha particles emitted at a maximum rate of 10/sup 6 per sec. The instrument was stable at 25 to 55 deg C, is small and portable, and costs less than 0. An infinitely thick, alpha source that will give a high count rate is being constructed for final tests. (auth)
Date:
August 23, 1962
Creator:
Kopp, M.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Axicell design for the end plugs of MFTF-B
Certain changes in the end-plug design in the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF-B) are described. The Laboratory (LLNL) proposes to implement these changes as soon as possible in order to construct the machine in an axicell configuration. The present physics and technology goals as well as the project cost and schedule will not be affected by these changes.
Date:
April 23, 1982
Creator:
Thomassen, K.I. & Karpenko, V.N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Migratory Agricultural Labor: References to Books, Periodicals, and Films, 1959-1969
This report and bibliography contains references to books, documentaries, and magazine articles that study migrant workers. It also contains information on specific issues that affect migratory agricultural workers, such as the Bracero program, the California grape strike, education, health, housing, and welfare, income, and more.
Date:
June 23, 1969
Creator:
Warnell, Katherine S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RADIOISOTOPE AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT. SECTION I. USE OF INTRINSIC RADIOACTIVE TRACERS FOR PROCESS CONTROL. SECTION II. RADIATION-INDUCED GRAFT-POLYMERIZATION STUDIES
Research was continued in the areas of intrinsic radioactive tracers for industrial process control and the influence of structural factors in radiation- induced graft polymerization. The use of in-process isotope neutron soarces to produce short-lived radiotraces is discussed. A 10c Po--Be neutron source was obtained for exploratory experiments. The design and construction of a neutronsource storage shield and an activatioa-cell holder are underway. The effect of structural factors oii the eIficiency of free-radical site formation in acrylate and methacrylate polymers was emphasized. Site measurements versus dose were made for poly-n-hexylmethacrylate. Two additional methods for measuring free-radical conceiitrations, a chemical method employing diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and hydroquinone and a method based on molecular-weight decreases, were developed. The grafting studies were continued. (M.C.G.)
Date:
October 23, 1961
Creator:
McFarling, J.L.; Gluck, P.; Kircher, J.F.; Sunderman, D.N.; Sliemers, F.A.; Luttinger, M. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE EFFECTS OF INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION ON POT CALCINATION RATES FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTES
Methods by which the radial deposition mechanism was determined in experiments with simulated waste solutions are reviewed. Based on this mechanism, an expression for the rate of solid deposition with internal heat generation was developed by a combined heat and material balance. A sample calculation for Purex waste showed that a moderate heat generation rate of 5000 Btu/hr/ft/sup 3/ would decrease the time to fill a 12-in.-dia calcination vessel from 78 to 55 hr. For the calcination stage of the process in which the deposited solids are heated in the absence of a liquid phase, a solution was developed for the equation of heat transfer with the temperature profile from the solid deposition stage as an initial condition. For the example Purex waste with a heat generation rate of 5000 Btu/hr ft/sup 3/, less than 15 min would be required for calcination, compared to about 8 hr in experiments with simulated wastes. (auth)
Date:
October 23, 1961
Creator:
Perona, J.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of Nuclear Resonant Absorption of Gamma Rays. Quarterly Report No. 4 Covering Period June 1, 1961 to August 31, 1961
The effect of polarizing mngnetic field intensity on the nuclear resonant absorption was studied by varying the field strength at a 1-mc Co/sup 57/ source from 0 to 1000 gauss while keeping the absorber between the poles of a magnet having a fixed field of 800 gauss. The rates of resonance absorption change with field intensity were greatest in the region of 300 to 1000 gauss, and the% nuclear resonant absorption for 1000-gauss fields was 8.5 and 26% for perpendicular and parallel fields, respectively, as compared with 15% for no fields. Other absorption measurements for Co/sup 57/ sources are also reported. Calculations on the use of nuclear resonant absorption to measure gravitational fields and altitudes were made which indicates that this application is not promising. (D.L.C.)
Date:
February 23, 1962
Creator:
Ezop, J. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inventory of power plants in the United States 1990. [Contains glossary]
The purpose of this publication is to provide year-end statistics about electric generating units operated by electric utilities in the United States (the 50 States and the District of Columbia). The publication also provides a 10-year outlook of future generating unit additions. The Summary Statistics chapter contains aggregate capacity statistics at the national and various regional levels for operable electric generating units and planned electric generating unit additions. Aggregate capacity data at the national level are presented by energy source and by prime mover. Aggregate capacity data at the various regional levels are presented by prime energy source. Planned capacity additions in new units are summarized by year, 1991 through 2000. Additionally, this chapter contains a summary of electric generating unit retirements, by energy source and year, from 1991 through 2000. The chapter on Operable Electric Generating Units contains data about each operable electric generating unit and each electric generating unit that was retired from service during the year. Additionally, it contains a summary by energy source of electric generating unit capacity additions and retirements during 1990. Finally, the chapter on Projected Electric Generating Unit Additions contains data about each electric generating unit scheduled by electric utilities to start operation …
Date:
October 23, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A STUDY OF THE SHIELD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS TRIGA MARK II RESEARCH REACTOR
Detailed measurements were made of the fast-neutron and gamma dose rates and the thermal-neutron fluxes existing at the surfaces of the biological shield of the University of Illinois TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor. Dose rates and fluxes were found to be extremely low. A comparison was made by means of threshold foil techniques between the fast-neutron flux in a beam hole of the reactor during steady-state operation at 1 kw and during a nominal 250 Mw, 30 msec pulse produced by rapid insertion of approximates two dollars of excess reactivity. The flux over the duration of the pulse was approximately four times that for steady-state operation for 1 hr at 1 kw. Fast-neutron dose rates and thermal-neutron fluxes were measured at each of the four beam ports of the reactor at operating powers of 0, 1, and 5 watts. Some gamma dose rate data was also obtained at 0 and 1 watt. The threshold foil technique used is described. (auth)
Date:
April 23, 1962
Creator:
Blosser, T.V.; Freestone, R.M. Jr. & Miller, J.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study on reduction of accessory-horsepower requirements. Third quarterly progress report
The objective of this study program is to minimize automotive accessory horsepower consumption, and thereby maximize overall vehicle fuel economy, by utilizing continuously variable speed drives or auxiliary power units (APUs) in a standard passenger automobile. As an aid to definitizing accessory performance, load requirements and fuel economy, a baseline vehicle has beeen established. This vehicle is a conventional intermediate size 5- or 6-passenger automobile with a 4.1 to 5.7 liter (250 to 350 cubic inch) displacement, spark ignition engine. Accessories to be considered are the alternator, power steering system, power brakes, air conditioner, cooling fan, water pump and emission control air pump. A program summary of major accomplishments is presented including: accessory drive devices analyses; vehicle computer model fuel economy analyses; improved accessory efficiency analysis; resized engine fuel economy analysis; accessory evaluation matrix completed; drive-systems trade-study completed and the prime concept presented; and variable-speed belt-drive concepts reviewed.
Date:
April 23, 1975
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fast Flux Test Facility. Design and Development Quality Assurance Requirements for the FFTF
The document is presented to provide general management requirements for Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and contractor design and development quality assurance programs to assure the required quality level of the various items required for the FFTF. The document is applicable as imposed by the contract to FFTF contractors and subcontractors. The document is also applicable to PNL design and development activities related to the FFTF.
Date:
October 23, 1968
Creator:
Albert, W. G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A beam profile monitor for small electron beams
Measurement of beam properties at the foci of high energy linacs is difficult due to the small size of the waists in proposed and existing accelerators (1 nm {minus} 2 {mu}). This paper considers the use of bremsstrahlung radiation from thin foils to measure the size and phase space density these beams using nonimaging optics. The components of the system are described, and the ultimate resolution, evaluated theoretically for the case of the Final Focus Test Beam at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, is a few nm. 13 refs., 4 figs. 1 tab.
Date:
January 23, 1991
Creator:
Norem, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LOFT DTT rake pin stress analysis
A stress analysis of the 3/8-inch and 1/4-inch pins which hold the rake assembly to the flange was performed and shows stresses to be lower than the Class 1 allowables of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The alternating pin stresses were found to be below the endurance limit and fatigue failure will not occur. The rake assembly was assumed to be loaded by steady drag and lift forces and alternating vortex shedding forces.
Date:
January 23, 1979
Creator:
Mosby, W.R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Lime-Slurry Stirred Tank Carbonation Reactor
Gas residence time distributions were determined for a stirred tank carbonation reactor. Empirical correlations for the first and second moments of the residence time distribution (RTD) curves as functions of flow rates and impeller speeds were obtained. Decontamination factors for /sup 85/Kr were measured.
Date:
September 23, 1977
Creator:
McAleese, J. P.; Belt, B. A.; Datesh, J. R. & Shaeffer, M. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual model for regional radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site. Final draft, technical memorandum
This technical memorandum was prepared to: (1) describe a typical basalt radionuclide repository site, (2) describe geologic and hydrologic processes associated with regional radionuclide transport in basalts, (3) define the parameters required to model regional radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site, and (4) develop a ''conceptual model'' of radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site. In a general hydrological sense, basalts may be described as layered sequences of aquifers and aquitards. The Columbia River Basalt, centered near the semi-arid Pasco Basin, is considered by many to be typical basalt repository host rock. Detailed description of the flow system including flow velocities with high-low hydraulic conductivity sequences are not possible with existing data. However, according to theory, waste-transport routes are ultimately towards the Columbia River and the lengths of flow paths from the repository to the biosphere may be relatively short. There are many physical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear processes with associated parameters that together determine the possible pattern of radionuclide migration in basalts and surrounding formations. Brief process descriptions and associated parameter lists are provided. Emphasis has been placed on the use of the distribution coefficient in simulating ion exchange. The use of the distribution coefficient approach is limited …
Date:
May 23, 1980
Creator:
Walton, W.C.; Voorhees, M.L. & Prickett, T.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radian DART microcomputer system hardware documentation operation system description. DART II documentation
This operator's manual for the DART II Data Acquisition, Reduction, and Transmission system is divided into the following sections: system capabilities and configuration; ways in which the microprocessor-based central processing unit communicates with the memory and peripheral devices; theory of operation for the system components; and a section of reference data including schematic diagrams, cable lists, device specification sheets and other detailed information. (GHT)
Date:
May 23, 1979
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Buildup studies for MFTF-B
A one-dimensional radial transport code which was developed to study radial transport in tandem mirror machines has been used to perform buildup studies for the central-cell plasma of the proposed MFTF-B experiment. The effects of the cold, unpumped, neutral gas (which accompanies the hot, neutral-beam injection in the central cell) upon the central-cell plasma have been studied for the low-epsilon (epsilon Identical with (..cap omega../sub pi//..cap omega../sub ci/)2) mode and for the two-component mode. A mode here is defined as a particular set of parameters (density, temperature, etc.) under which the experiment will be performed. A very preliminary study of the effects of plateau resonant transport upon the equilibrium plasma obtained for the low-epsilon mode of operation has also been performed.
Date:
April 23, 1980
Creator:
Gilmore, J. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SNAP-27 follow-on quality assurance plan
The Quality Plan for the SNAP-27 Follow-On Program describes the manner in which the Isotope Power Systems Operation of the General Electric Space Division will control product quality. NASA NHB5300.4 (1B) and AEC QASL-SNAP-1 and 2 have been used as guides in the development of this plan and, upon approval by the AEC, this plan will serve as a policy document to be utilized in implementing the SNAP-27 Follow-On Quality Program.
Date:
September 23, 1970
Creator:
Mason, F.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of instrumentation for magnetic nondestructive evaluation
The use of failure-prone components in critical applications has been traditionally governed by removing such components from service prior to the expiration of their predicted life expectancy. Such early retirement of materials does not guarantee that a particular sample will not fail in actual usage. The increasing cost of such life expectancy based operation and increased demand for improved reliability in industrial settings has necessitated an alternate form of quality control. Modern applications employ nondestructive evaluation (NDE), also known as nondestructive testing (NDT), as a means of monitoring the levels and growth of defects in a material throughout its operational life. This thesis describes the modifications made to existing instrumentation used for magnetic measurements at the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation at Iowa State University. Development of a new portable instrument is also given. An overview of the structure and operation of this instrumentation is presented. This thesis discusses the application of the magnetic hysteresis and Barkhausen measurement techniques, described in Sections 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 respectively, to a number of ferromagnetic specimens. Specifically, measurements were made on a number of railroad steel specimens for fatigue characterization, and on specimens of Damascus steel and Terfenol-D for materials evaluation. 60 refs., 51 figs., …
Date:
September 23, 1991
Creator:
Hariharan, S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liquid fuels production from biomass. Progress report No. 8, April 1-June 30, 1979
The current program to convert biomass into liquid hydrocarbon fuels is an extension of the previous program to ferment marine algae to acetic acid. In that study, it was found that marine algae could be converted to higher aliphatic organic acids and that these acids could be readily removed from the fermentation both by membrane or liquid-liquid extraction. It was then proposed to convert these higher organic acids to aliphatic hydrocarbons via Kolbe Electrolysis, which may be used as a diesel fuel. The accompishments in this program for the first year of work are as follows: a coenzyme M anologue, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid has been shown to be an effective suppressor of methane in nonsterile anaerobic fermentation of cellulosic substrates; a tapered auger device has been designed and built which has been demonstrated on the bench to be effective for adding substrate and removing residue in a continuous manner from a fixed packed bed fermenter; a solvent extracter system using kerosene as the nonaqueous phase has been constructed and is currently in operation in series with the 300 liter fixed packed bed fermenter; although additional work is required to optimize the electrolysis process the electrolytic oxidation of organic acids produced in …
Date:
July 23, 1979
Creator:
Sanderson, J. E.; Garcia-Martinez, D. V.; George, G. S.; Dillon, J. J.; Molyneaux, M. S.; Barnard, G. W. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Progress report for the Division of Safeguards and Security: January--June 1977
Development of the calorimeter equilibrium prediction program has been completed, and tests of the software program have been conducted on calorimeters ranging from 1 to 6 in. (2.5 to 15 cm) in diameter and power inputs between 0.1 and 8.3 W. Equilibrium values have been predicted with relative accuracies of better than 0.1% (95% confidence) and with an average time improvement factor of 2.1, which represents a 52% time saving, for every test case. A computer code is being developed by the University of Cincinnati to describe the steady-state heat transfer in a resistance bridge calorimeter. The computer program which is based on the theory of heat transfer analysis by finite differences has been written and is being checked against experimental data. Following the development of the steady-state code, work will commence on the transient heat flow analysis. The effect of R. Gunnink's new plutonium branching ratios on previous plutonium isotopic ratio measurements is demonstrated. For measurements relative to plutonium-239 the biases change from between 2 and 7% low to between 2 and 13% high. For measurements relative to plutonium-241 the changes in bias are within the statistical uncertainties normally reported for these peaks. In preparation for the proposed demonstration …
Date:
December 23, 1977
Creator:
Ratay, R.P. (ed.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library