This fact sheet for distribution at the flash and flow test of HGP-A, July 22, 1976 contains a temperature-depth plot, a brief chronology, and a budget summary. (MHR)

This review contains more than 100 observations and 224 references on the dissolution phenomenon. The dissolution processes are grouped into three categories: methods of aqueous attack, fusion methods, and miscellaneous observations on phenomena related to dissolution problems. (DLC)

Large quantities of bulk powder can be separated according to particle size and density by air classifiers. Classifiers disperse the powder and usually achieve size differentiation by drag and centrifugal forces acting on individual particles in the gas stream. A Donaldson ''acucut'' Classifier for the separation of B/sub 4/C powder is evaluated. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the particle cut sizes and powder yields obtained by variation of operating parameters. To assess the classifier's performance further results of the sharpness of the powder cuts were evaluated and compared with the vendor's prediction. 7 figures, 3 tables.

The extent to which earth subsidence may be caused by in situ coal gasification is studied using the method of finite elements. This study takes into account rock failure modes and nonlinearity of rock stiffness. Two models were studied for the site at Hoe Creek, where a coal seam is overlain and underlain by interbedded clays and sandstones. These two studies are expected to bracket any subsidence that may occur. Maximum subsidence was 0.06 in. using the stiff model and 3.5 in. using the soft model, neither of which suggests undesirably large subsidence.

Performance of laser fusion targets depends critically on the characteristics of the incident beam. The spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the light incident on the target varies significantly with power, with choice of beam spatial profile and with location of spatial filters. On each ARGUS shot we photograph planes in the incident beams which are equivalent to the target plane. Array cameras record the time integrated energy distributions and streak cameras record the temporal behavior. Computer reduction of the photographic data provides detailed spatial energy distributions, and instantaneous power on target vs. time. Target performance correlates with the observed beam characteristics.

As laser capabilities increase, implosions will be performed to achieve high densities. Criteria are discussed for formation of a low-density corona, preheated supersonically, which increases the tolerance of high convergence implosions to non-uniform illumination by utilizing thermal smoothing. We compare optimized double shell target designs without and with atmosphere production. Two significant penalties are incurred with atmosphere production using 1 ..mu..m laser light. First, a large initial shock at the ablation surface limits the pulse shaping flexibility, and degrades implosion performance. Second, the mass and heat capacity of the atmosphere reduce the energy delivered to the ablation surface and the driving pressures obtained for a given input energy. Improvement is possible using 2 ..mu..m light for the initial phase of the implosion. We present results of 2-D simulations which evaluate combined symmetry and stability requirements. At l = 8, the improvement produced in the example is a factor of 10, giving tolerance of 10 percent.

The suitability of Tophet C-Alloy 52/Kovar weldments to hydrogen embrittlement were investigated because of their potential as candidate materials in fabrication of minaturized initiators for pyrotechnics. Cathodic charged samples were statically loaded for extended periods of time resulting in no load failures and in ductile fracture surfaces indicating resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. 20 figures.

Recent experiments at the LLL 2.0 terawatt laser irradiation facility Argus have been conducted on glass microshells filled with equimolar DT gas. A variety of microshell dimensions and laser pulse widths have been used with the best results producing in excess of 10/sup 8/ fusion reactions. Numerical simulation of selected experiments using the LASNEX computer code confirm the measured performance. Peak DT ion temperatures of about 5 keV and densities of .2 gm/cm/sup 3/ are calculated and are in agreement with that from neutron time-of-flight and alpha particle spectral measurements together with x-ray diagnostics. Laser light absorption is about 20% efficient. General characteristics of ''exploding pusher'' targets will be discussed.

Two approaches for calculating soil structure interaction (SSI) are compared: finite element and lumped mass. Results indicate that the calculations with the lumped mass method are generally conservative compared to those obtained by the finite element method. They also suggest that a closer agreement between the two sets of calculations is possible, depending on the use of frequency-dependent soil springs and dashpots in the lumped mass calculations. There is a total lack of suitable guidelines for implementing the lumped mass method of calculating SSI, which leads to the conclusion that the finite element method is generally superior for calculative purposes.

Considerable need has arisen for the development of well-calibrated x-ray detectors capable of detecting photons with energies between 100 and 1000 electron-volts. This energy region is of significant interest since the x-ray emission from high-temperature (kT approximately 1.0 keV), laser-produced plasmas is predominantly in this range. A high-intensity, subkilovolt x-ray calibration source was developed which utilizes proton-induced inner-shell atomic fluorescence of low-Z elements. The high photon yields and low bremsstrahlung background associated with this phenomenon are ideally suited to provide an intense, nearly monoenergetic x-ray calibration source for detector development applications. The proton accelerator is a 3 mA, 300 kV Cockroft-Walton using a conventional rf hydrogen ion source. Seven remotely-selectable liquid-cooled targets capable of heat dissipation of 5 kW/cm/sup 2/ are used to provide characteristic x-rays with energies between 100 and 1000 eV. Source strengths are of the order of 10/sup 13/ to 10/sup 14/ photons/sec. A description of the facility is presented. Typical x-ray spectra (B-K, C-K, Ti-L, Fe-L and Cu-L) and flux values will be shown. Problems such as spectral contamination due to carbon buildup on the target and to backscattered particles are discussed.

The uranium-niobium alloy system was examined in the range of 5.3-to-6.9 weight percent niobium with respect to shape memory, mechanical properties, metallography, Coefficients of linear thermal expansion, and differential thermal analysis. Shape memory increased with increasing niobium levels in the study range. There were no useful correlations found between shape memory and the other tests. Coefficients of linear thermal expansion tests of as-quenched 5.8 and 6.2 weight percent niobium specimens, but not 5.3 and 6.9 weight percent niobium specimens, had a contraction component on heating, but the phenomenon was not a contributor to shape memory.

This report discusses the current status of liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) development and one of the principal safety issues, a hypothetical core-disruptive accident (HCDA). Bibliographic information on worldwide LMFBRs relative to the development of the breeder reactor as a safe source of nuclear power is presented for the period 1970 through 1972. The bibliography consists of approximately 1620 abstracts covering early research and development and operating experiences leading up to the present design practices that are necessary for the licensing of breeder reactors. Key-word, author, and permuted-title indexes are included for completeness.

The LPTR (Livermore Pool Type Reactor) safety system had several undesirable features in its original equipment (vintage 1956). A single trip bus, electron tube construction, and trip failure in the case of a shorted magnet actuator, are some of the problems encountered in the original equipment. The continued use of this old equipment resulted in high maintenance costs, excessive magnet actuator replacement, difficult set-up procedures for operations, and the requirement that the reactor be shut down to make safety level trip tests. This paper describes the solution of the stated problems.

Lithium fluoride as received from the vendor in boule form is 38 x 38 x 13 mm thick. This block is cleaved to wafers of the desired thickness, x-ray-evaluated for ''d'' spacing and greatest intensity, bent to the required radius, and then acid-etched to remove foreign material. The diffraction and dispersion characteristics of a wafer are analyzed using well-collimated tungsten x rays that strike the crystal and are diffracted onto no-screen x-ray film. If the crystal is satisfactory, it is mounted in a spectrogoniometer and rotated through an x-ray beam while a detector is set at the optimized angle for the diffracted x rays. The average intensity across the length of the crystal is recorded by multichannel scaling. Any imperfections appear as peaks or dips compared to the average intensity. The crystal next goes to a 10-channel, filter-fluorescer x-ray unit that compares zero-order intensity to diffracted K..cap alpha.. and K..beta.. intensity. Counts for 100-s intervals are taken in groups of three and averaged. Correction factors for instrument geometry, air, pinhole diameter at zero order, K..cap alpha..-K..beta.., barometric pressure, temperature, etc., are added to the efficiency calculations to obtain the crystal efficiency (epsilon) vs keV data. The crystal is mounted in …

The web growth investigation portion of this program was spent in growing a backlog of primitive dendrites and developing a number of dendritic seed crystals having a variety of twin plane spacings. These seeds are to be used in the determination of the optimum twin spacing for dendritic-web growth. Having determined the optimum twin spacing for the seed dendrites, the optimized seeds will be used in the experimental part of the investigation to determine the limitation on the growth width and pull rate of the dendritic-web section. Primitive dendrities containing 2,3,4, and 5 twin planes with twin plane spacings of 0.6 to 19.2 mm. have been grown. A supply of dendrite seed crystals have been grown from these primitive dendrites. Computer programs have been developed that appear adequate for the thermal analysis of the dendritic-web growth. A preliminary two dimensional thermal model of the melt, crucible, susceptor and lid has been completed and numerical results obtained. In this model only radiation heat transfer was assumed for the lid. The temperature profiles obtained were thus lower than is found experimentally in the furnace. The characterization experiments have all been tested and found adequate for characterization of the material grown in the …

Channeling of positrons in single crystals of silicon was observed in transmission and scattering measurements for incident energies from 16 to 28 MeV. In addition, the spectral dependence upon crystal orientation of the forward coherent bremsstrahlung produced by beams of 28-MeV positrons and electrons incident upon a 5 ..mu..m thick single crystal of silicon was measured with a NaI photon spectrometer. Effects of channeling and perhaps of the nonvalidity of the first Born approximation were observed for beam directions near the (111) axis of the crystal, and coherent peaks near 0.5 MeV were observed for a compound interference direction, in agreement with first-order theoretical calculations. 32 fig.

A description is given of the design and application of a simple e-beam generator for the repetitive pulse pumping of gas lasers. The circuit uses a low inductance Marx and series tuned pulse forming elements.

Studies were made of the process characteristics of a plant to decontaminate tritiated water using dual temperature exchange with VH/sub 2/. Feed to the plant consists of 300 kg/day on water containing 1 Ci/kg of tritium. A reference design was developed based on a decontamination factor of 10/sup 2/ and 10 kg/day of enriched product. This design requires a total of 48 ideal separation stages, 22 stages in the enriching section and 26 stages in the stripping section. Only low grade heat is required for the heating cycle and a relatively small (12 ton) ice machine is required for the cooling cycle. A total plant inventory of approximately 10 tons VH/sub 2/ is required. A mechanical design of the dual temperature stage complete with all heat transfer surfaces and flow diverters was devised and modeled. Since the process involves periodic swings in temperature between 0 and 60/sup 0/C, a substantial portion of the operation is expected to be in unsteady state transition from one state to another. A two-step experimental program has been presented: the first step consists of a single stage unit, i.e., one hot bed and one cold bed operating in a simple closed loop. The second stage …

Error field multipoles due to systematic errors in the current distribution are computed and compared with the error field multipoles due to random errors in the current distribution. The systematic field error multipoles are found to vary rapidly across the aperture, and in some cases may be the dominant error multipoles.

In order to view the thermonuclear burn generated by laser driven implosions of D-T filled microspheres ten to twenty micron diameter gold and tantalum pinholes have been built to image 3.52 MeV alpha particles. KODAK Pathe LR115 Cellulose Nitrate is used as a detector behind an 8.3 x 10/sup -3/ gm/cm/sup 2/ tantalum filter. The 3.52 MeV alpha particles reach the emulsion with approximately 0.9 MeV energy and are absorbed in the first three microns. High energy x-rays and electrons are also imaged, but their greater penetration allows discrimination.

Reduction of input power requirements for laser and charged particle fusion targets has been predicted by implosion calculations that simulate ignition of only a small fraction of the DT fuel instead of the total mass. Once ignition is reached in this localized region, the burn can propagate through the rest of the fuel mass. An approach that achieves this ignition by use of preheat and self-generated magnetic fields is described here, with the result of lower input requirements, i.e., 30 TW and 100 kJ, to achieve breakeven.

The thickness of alumina armor plate is determined which will stop a 10-g steel projectile traveling at 2.1 and 3.0 mm/s.

/sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ contamination of the grit blasted surface of the primary impact shell assembly (PISA) of the multi-hundred watt isotopic heat source was measured. The study determined the amount and distribution of the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ and characterization of its behavior during aging at 1350/sup 0/C. The results concluded that normal decontamination effectively removes the superficial /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ but does not extract the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ which is deep within the grit blasted structure. Subsequent heating results in migration of microcurie amounts of plutonium out of the grit blasted structure.

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