The extent to which earth subsidence may be caused by in situ coal gasification is studied using the method of finite elements. This study takes into account rock failure modes and nonlinearity of rock stiffness. Two models were studied for the site at Hoe Creek, where a coal seam is overlain and underlain by interbedded clays and sandstones. These two studies are expected to bracket any subsidence that may occur. Maximum subsidence was 0.06 in. using the stiff model and 3.5 in. using the soft model, neither of which suggests undesirably large subsidence.

This report discusses the current status of liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) development and one of the principal safety issues, a hypothetical core-disruptive accident (HCDA). Bibliographic information on worldwide LMFBRs relative to the development of the breeder reactor as a safe source of nuclear power is presented for the period 1970 through 1972. The bibliography consists of approximately 1620 abstracts covering early research and development and operating experiences leading up to the present design practices that are necessary for the licensing of breeder reactors. Key-word, author, and permuted-title indexes are included for completeness.

/sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ contamination of the grit blasted surface of the primary impact shell assembly (PISA) of the multi-hundred watt isotopic heat source was measured. The study determined the amount and distribution of the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ and characterization of its behavior during aging at 1350/sup 0/C. The results concluded that normal decontamination effectively removes the superficial /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ but does not extract the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ which is deep within the grit blasted structure. Subsequent heating results in migration of microcurie amounts of plutonium out of the grit blasted structure.

The workshop is divided into the following subjects: water quality, air quality, biological impact, hazards, environmental impact evaluation, and land use and socio-economic impact. Individual problems in each subject area are evaluated by the following criteria: probability of occurrence, seriousness of consequences, resource applicability, time urgency for new research, and researchability for new research. Recommended approaches to solution are given for each problem. Minority statements are given in some cases. (MHR)

The ENDF/B data library has recently been updated and is now freely available through the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC), Brookhaven National Laboratory. This most recent library is identified as ENDF/B-VI, Release 7. Release 7 completely supersedes all preceding releases. As distributed the ENDF/B-VI, Release 7 data includes cross sections represented in the form of a combination of resonance parameters and/or tabulated energy dependent cross sections, nominally at 0 Kelvin temperature. For use in applications this library has been processed into the form of temperature dependent cross sections at eight temperatures between 0 and 2100 Kelvin, in steps of 300 Kelvin. At each temperature the cross sections are tabulated and linearly interpolable in energy. All results are in the computer independent ENDF/B-VI character format [1], which allows the data to be easily transported between computers. In its processed form this library is approximately 1.6 gigabyte in size and is distributed on three CDs.

C-terminal peptide thioesters are key intermediates for the synthesis/semisynthesis of proteins and for the production of cyclic peptides by native chemical ligation. They can be synthetically prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) methods or biosynthetically by protein splicing techniques. Until recently, the chemical synthesis of C-terminal a-thioester peptides by SPPS was largely restricted to the Boc/Benzyl methodology because of the poor stability of the thioester bond to the basic conditions employed for the deprotection of the N{sup {alpha}}-Fmoc group. In the present work, we describe a new method for the SPPS of C-terminal thioesters by Fmoc/t-Bu chemistry. This method is based on the use of an aryl hydrazide linker, which is totally stable to the Fmoc-SPPS conditions. Once the peptide synthesis has been completed, activation of the linker can be achieved by mild oxidation. This step transforms the hydrazide group into a highly reactive diazene intermediate which can react with different H-AA-SEt to yield the corresponding {alpha}-thioester peptide in good yields. This method has been successfully used for the generation of different thioester peptides, circular peptides and a fully functional SH3 protein domain.

Alloy 22 (N06022) is highly resistant to crevice corrosion in pure chloride (Cl{sup -}) solutions. Little research has been conducted to explore the resistance of this alloy to other halides such as fluoride (F{sup -}) and bromide (Br{sup -}). Even less information is available exploring the behavior of localized corrosion for Alloy 22 in mixtures of the halide ions. Standard electrochemical tests such as polarization resistance and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP), were conducted to explore the resistance to corrosion of Alloy 22 in deaerated aqueous solutions of 1 M NaCl, 1 M NaF and 0.5 M NaCl + 0.5 M NaF solutions at 60 C and 90 C. Results show that the general corrosion rate was the lowest in the mixed halide solution and the highest in the pure chloride solution. Alloy 22 was not susceptible to localized corrosion in the pure fluoride solution. In 1 M NaCl solution, Alloy 22 was susceptible to crevice corrosion at 90 C. In the mixed halide solution Alloy 22 was susceptible to crevice corrosion both at 60 C and 90 C.

Photonic integrated circuits require the ability to integrate both lasers and waveguides with low absorption and coupling loss. This technology is being developed at LLNL for digital logic gates for optical key generation circuits to facilitate secure communications. Here, we demonstrate an approach of integrating InGaAs DQW edge emitting lasers (EEL) with electron beam evaporated dielectric waveguides. The EELs are defined by electron cyclotron resonance etching (ECR). This approach results in highly anisotropic etched mirrors with smooth etched features (sidewall rms roughness = 28 {angstrom}, surface rms roughness = 10 {angstrom}). The mirror is etched to form both the laser cavity and define the waveguide mesa, which accommodates a dielectric stack, where the core is aligned with the active region of the laser to achieve maximum vertical mode overlapping. The waveguides are based on SiO{sub 2}/Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5}/SiO{sub 2} which yields a high index contrast of 0.6, resulting in low loss guides ({approx}2-3dB/cm). The design of the interface has taken into account the waveguide transmission loss, air gap spacing and tilt between the laser and waveguide. The critical feature for this deposition technique is its required high directionality or minimal sidewall deposition and corner effects. In the butt coupled EEL/waveguide …

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A group of heterocyclic amines that are mutagens and rodent carcinogens form when meat is cooked to medium and well-done states. The precursors of these compounds are natural meat components: creatinine, amino acids and sugars. Defined model systems of dry-heated precursors mimic the amounts and proportions of heterocyclic amines found in meat. Results from model systems and cooking experiments suggest ways to reduce their formation and, thus, to reduce human intake. Human cancer epidemiology studies related to consumption of well-done meat products are listed and compared.

The present work describes our ongoing efforts towards the creation of micro and nanoscaled ordered arrays of protein covalently attached to site-specific chemical linkers patterned by different microlithographic techniques. We present a new and efficient solid-phase approach for the synthesis of chemically modified long alkyl-thiols. These compounds can be used to introduce chemoselective reacting groups onto silicon-based surfaces. We show that these modified thiols can be used for creating nano- and micrometric chemical patterns by using different lithographic techniques. We show that these patterns can react chemoselectively with proteins which have been recombinantly modified to contain complementary chemical groups at specific positions thus resulting in the oriented attachment of the protein to the surface.

Record highs were set for Pu output in separations plants and for amount of U processed in Purex. UO{sub 3} production and shipments exceeded schedules. Fabrication of 200 and 250 Model assemblies is reported. Unfabricated Pu production was 8.5% short. Nitric acid recovery in Purex and Redox is reported. Prototype anion exchange system for Pu was tested in Purex. Hinged agitator arms with shear pin feature was installed in UO{sub 3} plant H calciner. Operation of continuous type Task I, II facility improved. DBBP is considered for Recuplex. Methods for Pu in product solutions agreed to within 0. 10%. Purex recycle dock shelter is complete. Other projects are reported.

This report documents the C version of the MCAPM (Monte Carlo All Particle Method) generator and collision physics library of subroutines. The Monte Carlo data generator (gen2000) reads cross sections and distributions that describe in-flight reactions from a binary library and creates an internal data library. The collision routines (bang2000) use this internal library to perform the physics of interaction of particles with the background material. Particles modeled with MCAPM-C are neutrons, charged particles (p, d, t, {sup 3}He, and {alpha}), and {gamma}'s. MCAPM-C is written in (nearly) standard C, and versions exist for Sun Solaris, Compaq Unix, IBM AIX, SGI Irix, and Linux. The library and its data files are installed on LC's Compass, TC, Forest, Blue, and Sky machines. This report describes the contents and format of the library, physics assumptions made, and the interface to the library's subroutines.

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As the world faces growing economic and environmental challenges, the energy mix that fuels the global economy is undergoing rapid change. Yet how this change will evolve in the future is uncertain. What will be the sources of primary energy in twenty years? In fifty years? In different regions of the globe? How will this energy be utilized? Fossil energy currently supplies about ninety percent of the world's primary energy. In Japan this number is closer to eighty percent. It is clear that fossil energy will be a major supplier of global energy for some time to come, but what is not clear is the types of fossil energy and how it will be utilized. The degree to which the abundant supplies of fossil energy, especially coal, will continue to play a major role will depend on whether technology will provide safe, clean and affordable fuel for electricity and transportation. Technology will not only assist in finding more fossil energy in varying regions of the globe but, most importantly, will play a strong role in efficient utilization and in determining the cost of delivering that energy. Several important questions will have to be answered: (1) Will cost effective technologies be …

Effects of Back Dilution on Buoyancy of the SY-101 Crust Layer

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This report discusses an allocation of $1,320,000 of 02 Reactor and Metallurgy funds which was previously made to the Pacific Northwest Laboratories. The Process Technology work order support which N-Reactor Department expected to provide during FY 1966 was estimated. The R&D allocation was based on the 189 budget proposals which were prepared early in 1965 and program identifications were provided. The integrated five year research and development program was subsequently formulated with the assistance of Pacific Northwest Laboratories and research and development program missions were defined. Revised 189 proposals have been prepared and the work is being reprogrammed in accord with the mission plan. These program discussions outline research and development needs and BNW allocations in accord with the mission requirements. The level of R&D is maintained at the original level specified in reference 1 ($1,320,000), with the exception that $130,000 for the payment of offsite irradiation unit costs is now held within NRD.

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The purpose of the present program is to develop soluble analogs of surface confined catalysts that can be impregnated directly into the coal structure at low temperatures. This approach should avoid problems related to surface area dependence, a two phase (surface-liquid) reaction system and, mass transport limitations.

This document reports the result of an engineering analysis and evaluation of the Zone Temperature Monitoring System. The main function of the system is to protect the reactor from localized increases in reactor power which would be reflected by increases in the tube outlet temperatures in the affected zones of the reactor. This function has been implemented by the installation of immersion temperature detectors on 109 representative process tubes. The signals from the detectors will be monitored and will automatically annunciate, initiate a power setback, or initiate a reactor scram should the outlet temperature of one, two, or three tubes exceed an adjustable, preset limit.

This report has been prepared in response to the request by the House Appropriations Committee to address the permanent isolation and containment/removal of the contaminants associated with the seepage basins at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Many of the activities regarding groundwater monitoring and status referred to in this report will be discussed in detail in a companion report on the Groundwater Monitoring Program at the SRS [(U), WSRC-RP-89-889].

This document provides the Readiness Assessment Plan (RAP) for the Project W-025 (Radioactive Mixed Waste Land Disposal Facility) Readiness Assessment (RA). The RAP documents prerequisites to be met by the operating organization prior to the RA. The RAP is to be implemented by the RA Team identified in the RAP. The RA Team is to verify the facility`s compliance with criteria identified in the RAP. The criteria are based upon the {open_quotes}Core Requirements{close_quotes} listed in DOE Order 5480.31, {open_quotes}Startup and Restart of Nuclear Facilities{close_quotes}.

The Coal Project was able to make considerable progress in understanding the evolving energy situation in Asia and the future role of coal and Clean Coal Technologies. It is clear that there will be major growth in consumption of coal in Asia over the next two decades -- we estimate an increase of 1.2 billion metric tons. Second, all governments are concerned about the environmental impacts of increased coal use, however enforcement of regulations appears to be quite variable among Asian countries. There is general caution of the part of Asian utilities with respect to the introduction of CCT`s. However, there appears to be potential for introduction of CCT`s in a few countries by the turn of the century. It is important to emphasize that it will be a long term effort to succeed in getting CCT`s introduced to Asia. The Coal Project recommends that the US CCT program be expanded to allow the early introduction of CCT`s in a number of countries.