Article discusses how breast and cervical cancers remain the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer deaths in Ghana. Authors state that there is a need for liaison psychiatrists and health psychologists to assist oncologists to provide psychological support such as free and routine counselling services for cancer patients and their caregivers.

We present a study of 649 {+-} 35 e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} c{bar c} events produced at {radical}s {approx} 10.6 GeV containing both a {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} baryon and a {bar {Lambda}}{sub c}{sup -} antibaryon. The number observed is roughly four times that expected if the leading charmed hadron types are uncorrelated, confirming an observation by the CLEO Collaboration. We find a 2-jet topology in these events but very few additional baryons, demonstrating that the primary c and {bar c} are predominantly contained in a correlated baryon-antibaryon system. In addition to the charmed baryons we observe on average 2.6 {+-} 0.2 charged intermediate mesons, predominantly pions, carrying 65% of the remaining energy.

We report on a search for CP violation in the decay D{sup {+-}} {yields} K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup {+-}} using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 469 fb{sup -1} collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e{sup +}e{sup -} storage rings. The CP-violating decay rate asymmetry A{sub CP} is determined to be (-0.44 {+-} 0.13(stat) {+-} 0.10(syst))%, consistent with zero at 2.7 {sigma} and with the standard model prediction of (-0.332 {+-} 0.006)%. This is currently the most precise measurement of this parameter.

Searches for B mesons decaying to final states containing a baryon and a lepton are performed, where the baryon is either {Lambda}{sub c} or {Lambda} and the lepton is a muon or an electron. These decays violate both baryon and lepton number and would be a signature of physics beyond the standard model. No significant signal is observed in any of the decay modes, and upper limits in the range (3.2 - 520) x 10{sup -8} are set on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level.

We search for CP violation in a sample of 20,000 Cabibbo-suppressed decays, D{sup +} {yields} K{sup +}K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, and 30,000 Cabibbo-favored decays, D{sub s}{sup +} {yields} K{sup +}K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}. We use 520 fb{sup -1} of data recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collider operating at center of mass energies near 10.6 GeV. We search for CP violation in the difference between the T-odd asymmetries obtained using triple product correlations of the D+ (D{sub s}{sup +}) and D{sup -} (D{sub s}{sup -}) decays, respectively. The T violation parameter values obtained are {Alpha}{sub T} (D{sup +}) = (-12.0 {+-} 10.0{sub stat} {+-} 4.6{sub syst}) x 10{sup -3} and {Alpha}{sub T}(D{sub s}{sup +}) = (-13.6 {+-} 7.7{sub stat} {+-} 3.4{sub syst}) x 10{sup -3}, which are consistent with the Standard Model expectations.

Ge nanocrystals are formed in silica by ion beam synthesis and are subsequently exposed by selective HF etching of the silica. Under ambient conditions, the exposed nanocrystals are stable after formation of a protective native oxide shell of no more than a few monolayers. However, under visible laser illumination at room temperature and in the presence of O{sub 2}, the nanocrystals rapidly oxidize. The oxidation rate was monitored by measuring the Raman spectra of the Ge nanocrystals in-situ. The intensity ratio of the anti-Stokes to the Stokes line indicated that no significant laser-induced heating of illuminated nanocrystals occurs. Therefore, the oxidation reaction rate enhancement is due to a photo-chemical process. The oxidation rate varies nearly linearly with the logarithm of the laser intensity, and at constant laser intensity the rate increases with increasing photon energy. These kinetic measurements, along with the power dependencies, are described quantitatively by an electron active oxidation mechanism involving tunneling of optically excited electrons through the forming oxide skin and subsequent transport of oxygen ions to the Ge nanocrystal surface.

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in the narrow band gap end of the InGaN alloy system, particularly in InN. The existence of surface electron accumulation and a tendency for n-type conductivity have been well-established and are explained by an extremely large electron affinity and the location of the Fermi level stabilization energy (E{sub FS}) high in the conduction band [1]. These characteristics pose significant challenges to the integration of In-rich InGaN into devices and demonstrate the need for a better understanding of the relationship between native defects and electronic transport in the alloy system. It has been previously shown that high-energy particle irradiation can predictably control the electronic properties of In-rich InGaN [1]. With increasing irradiation dose, the electron concentration (n) increases and the electron mobility ({mu}) decreases until the Fermi level reaches E{sub FS}, which is the saturation point. The value of n at saturation decreases with decreasing In fraction, due to the raising of the conduction band edge with respect to E{sub FS}.

Mass transport limitations impact the thermochemical processing of fossil and renewable energy resources, which involves the breakdown of cross-linked, macromolecular networks. To Investigate the molecular level details of the consequences of molecular confinement on high temperature (275-500°C) free-radical reaction pathways, we have been examining the pyrolysis of model compounds attached to the surface of non-porous silica nanoparticles through a thermally robust Si-O-C_aryl, tetha. Pyrolysis of silica-immobilized diphenylalkanes and related ethers have been studied in detail and compared with the corresponding behavior in fluid phases. The diffusional constraints can lead to reduced rates of radical termination on the surface, and enhancement of neophyl-like rearrangements, cyclization-dehydrogenation pathways, and <i>ipso-</i> aromatic substitutions. Furthermore, studies of two-component surfaces have revealed the importance of a radical relay mechanism involving rapid serial hydrogen transfer steps resulting from the molecular pre-organization on the low fractal dimension silica surface. Key findings are reviewed in this paper, and the implications of these results for fuel processing are described.

It has been proposed that carboxylic acids and carboxylates are major contributors to cross-linking reactions in low-rank coals and inhibit its thermochemical processing. Therefore, the thermolysis of aromatic carboxylic acids was investigated to determine the mechanisms of decarboxylation at temperatures relevant to coal processing, and to determine if decarboxylation leads to cross-linking (i.e., formation of more refractory products). From the thcrmolysis of simple and polymeric coal model compounds containing aromatic carboxylic acids at 250-425 �C, decarboxylation was found to occur primarily by an acid promoted ionic pathway. Carboxylate salts were found to enhance the decarboxylation rate, which is consistent with the proposed cationic mechanism. Thermolysis of the acid in an aromatic solvent, such as naphthalene, produced a small amount of arylated products (~5 mol%)), which constitute a low-temperature cross-link. These arylated products were formed by the rapid decomposition of aromatic anhydrides, which are in equilibrium with the acid. These anhydrides decompose by a free radical induced decomposition pathway to form atyl radicals that can add to aromatic rings to form cross-links or abstract hydrogen. Large amounts of CO were formed in the thennolysis of the anhydrides which is consistent with the induced decomposition pathway. CO was also formed in the …

From the experiments performed it is possible to determine a wide range of information about the metallurgy of the astrolabes studied. It was found that different brass alloys were used for components that were cast and those that were mechanically deformed. Chemical composition, forming history, and thickness measurements are all determined non-destructively, illustrating that this technique could be useful for many applications with metal artifact analysis where non-intrusive methods are required.

Using a sample of 471 million B{bar B} events collected with the BABAR detector, we study the sum of seven exclusive final states B {yields} X{sub s(d){gamma}}, where X{sub s(d)} is a strange (non-strange) hadronic system with a mass of up to 2.0 GeV/c{sup 2}. After correcting for unobserved decay modes, we obtain a branching fraction for b {yields} d{gamma} of (9.2 {+-} 2.0(stat.) {+-} 2.3(syst.)) x 10{sup -6} in this mass range, and a branching fraction for b {yields} s{gamma} of (23.0 {+-} 0.8(stat.) {+-} 3.0(syst.)) x 10{sup -5} in the same mass range. We find {Beta}(b{yields}d{gamma})/{Beta}(b{yields}s{gamma}) = 0.040 {+-} 0.009(stat.) {+-} 0.010(syst.), from which we determine |V{sub td}/V{sub ts}| = 0.199 {+-} 0.022(stat.) {+-} 0.024(syst.) {+-} 0.002(th.).

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A spatial-domain solution to the problem of electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric half-space is outlined. The resulting half-space operators are referred to as Fresnel surface integral operators. When used as preconditioners for nonplanar geometries, the Fresnel operators yield surface Fresnel integral equations (FIEs) which are stable with respect to dielectric constant, discretization, and frequency. Numerical properties of the formulations are discussed.

The design, fabrication and characterization of a low-voltage rotary stepper motor are presented in this work. Using a five-level polysilicon MEMS technology, steps were taken to increase the capacitance over previous stepper motor designs to generate high torque at low voltages. A low-friction hub was developed to minimize frictional loads due to rubbing surfaces, producing an estimated resistive torque of about 6 pN-m. This design also allowed investigations into the potential benefit of using hard materials such as silicon nitride for lining of both the stationary and rotating hub components. The result is an electrostatic stepper motor capable of operation at less than six volts.

Article describes how the study investigates the practice of data-driven decision-making in higher education institutions in Ethiopia. It then presents the results of a mixed-methods investigation that was conducted at two public universities in Ethiopia.

Article describes how monitoring immunological response to physical stressors in a field setting is challenging because existing methods require a laboratory visit and traditional blood collection via venipuncture. The purpose of this study was to determine if our optimized dry blood spot (DBS) methodology yields sufficient total RNA to quantify the effect of Baker's Yeast Beta Glucan supplementation on post-exercise mRNA expression.

Article describes how this study was aiming at enhancing the stain resistance and durability of varnish on wood surfaces, a super hydrophobic solution was created by blending the synthetic ZIF-8/paraffin with Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane at a specified mass ratio. This superhydrophobic mixture was then directly applied onto the wood varnish coating using a one-step method.

Article describes how pseudocapacitive storage of multivalent ions, especially Ca2+, in heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials is promising to achieve both high energy and power densities, but there is the lack of pseudocapacitive theories that enable rational design of the materials for calcium-ion batteries.