Abstract. Some recent analysis of certain Lid Tank fast neutron dose rates measured in oil and water indicates that there are some basic inconsistencies with reported oxygen and carbon removal cross sections and the reported data. These inconsistencies may be explained in several ways: (1) The reported carbon removal cross section is wrong. (2) The reported oil composition is wrong. (3) The reported oxygen removal cross section is wrong since it is based on an assumed rather than a measured oil composition. (4) Some of the experimental data are wrong. It is not possible to determine which of the above is most likely on the basis of analysis alone but the possibilities are pointed out and, based on the assumption that all the experimental data are correct, it appears most likely that the oil composition assumed in ORNL 2197 was in error.

Summary. The analysis of the motion of a six-bar linkage is difficult because of the large number of variables involved and the large number of calculations that have to be made for each position of the linkage. If a digital computer is used to make the calculations required for a multi-position analysis of a mechanism, it is feasible to design by analyzing a large numbers of similar linkages and selecting the optimum configuration. In this paper expressions have been derived for the output angle as a function of the input angle and the transmission angle as a function of the input angle for any single-degree-of-freedom six-bar linkage for which the parameters are known An example showing the usefulness of a six-bar computer program as a mechanism design tool is discussed.

Summary: The use of dimensionless-parameter frequency response diagrams to determine accuracies of lumped-parameter approximations is demonstrated by two examples: calculation of the heat flux at the surface of a semi-infinite solid due to temperature fluctuations of an adjacent fluid; and the response of a counterflow heat exchanger to inlet fluid temperature perturbations. Dimensionless system parameters make it possible to use general-purpose plots to find the error in particular approximations as a function of the frequency of perturbation. Such plots are directly applicable to control-system stability problems, where the highest frequency of interest is usually apparent.

One-region buckling measurements that were made on a series of D/sub 2/O- moderated lattices of heavy uranium metal tubes in the Process Development Pile at Savannah River Laboratory are presented. The purposes of these measurements are to provide normalization points for lattice bucklings and to extend the study of natural uranium- D/sub 2/O systems. The dependence of buckiing on the moderator-to-fuel ratio is studied for two types of lattices.

The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) is used to test prototype fuel elements for power reactors that are moderated with heavy water and fueled with natural or slightly enriched uranium. During the initial critical experiments in the HWCTR, it was observed that there were unexpected variations in nuclear reactivity. Investigations revealed that this effect was due to bubble of helium gas appearing and disappearing in the moderator. An examination of the expected operating conditions of the HWCTR and the solubility of helium in D2O showed that it was possible during normal operation for the helium content of the moderator to exceed saturation and thus for helium to appear as bubbles in the moderator. The possibility of helium bubbles appearing in the moderator because of solubility characteristics was eliminated by modifications to the process system so as to maintain the gas content of the moderator appreciably below saturation.

From introductory paragraphs: "The central problems in neutron research are the understanding of nuclear structure and the study of the properties of nuclear particles, particularly the properties of the neutron. The most fruitful attack on these problems is the determination of the probability of interactions between neutrons and nuclei, i.e., the measurement of neutron cross sections. Ideally, this involves the study of all possible types of neutron interaction with all available nuclei at all neutron energies...The discussion in this paper will omit the interactions leading to neutron productions, and will be limited to the intersections of neutrons with stable nuclei."

The problem of crystal structure of the martensitic B1 phase of the eutectic alloy in the Cu-Al system still requires a more accurate clarification (Hun ger and Dienst 1960, Tarora 1949). Martensitic phases in general are formed through small thrust (shear) deformations of the original lattice. On this basis the results of Hunger and Dienst (1960) are doubtful, since the lattice constants found by them have required a considerable reclassification. From the known lattice constants of the B1 phase (Tarora, 1949) and the orientation relationships of the B1 phase (Wassermann, 1934) one has expected a hexagonal lattice for the martensitic phase with [formula].

Quarterly report describing progress on a project to develop and evaluate high-temperature tungsten alloys. This report discusses initial experiments to compare different alloy combinations.

This article presents data on the effects of gamma radiation on the physical properties of a number of different classes of plastics materials of construction which were screened to determine their capabilities and limitations for service in applications where ionizing radiation exists. The irradiations were carried out in air at ambient temperature at normal atmospheric pressure to various gamma radiation doses up to 1*10^9 r depending upon the stability of the materials to radiation exposure. The different classes of materials and materials within a class are compared.

Abstract. The waveform or character of a refraction arrival has become internationally important because of its use in determining source parameters. An approximate theoretical machine calculation has been made to show the effect of layering above a refractor on the character of the refraction arrival. The method is illustrated with a geologic model taken from the Edwards Plateau area of West Texas. The effect of the Edwards limestone, Comanche, and Trinity formations on the refraction from the Pennsylvanian limestone is computed. The conversion of energy in theses upper layers from compressional to shear plays a significant role in forming the refraction character. An anticlinal structure is introduced into the Pennsylvanian limestone and it is argued that, in a first approximation, the wave in the Pennsylvanian limestone follow the structure, refracting off at the critical angle as before. Now, however, the angle of incidence on the base of the Trinity is a function of the angle of the structure. Since the amplitudes of converted waves depends n this angle, The character of the refraction arrival depends in a predictable way on the angle in the structure where the critical refraction has taken lace. These results are theoretical and only approximate, but …

Abstract: New experimental data and literature data are utilized to determine the upper temperature of usefulness of zirconium alloys. Three basic engineering assumptions are used; (1) service life requirements are on the order of four years; (2) tubular fuel cladding for rod-type fuel is considered with a maximum wall thickness of 1.27 cm; and (3) heat fluxes are above 157 watts/cm. The inter-relation of three basic factors, corrosion rate, corrosion embrittlement by hydrogen and oxygen, and strength are considered. An upper limit for an acceptable corrosion rate for long-term service of 1 mg/dm/day is set primarily by the effect of heat-transfer on corrosion. For the best alloys anticipated, this requirement (even without considering transient conditions) limits cladding surface temperatures to less than 540 degree C. Oxygen embrittlement of the alloy substrate by oxide film dissolution is not expected to be a limiting factor. Corrosion hydrogen embrittlement was studied in detail and found to limit acceptable service to cladding surface temperatures of less than 525 degree C for established experimental alloys. Hydrogen embrittlement may not be a limiting factor if alloys corrosion resistant enough to be acceptable above 600 degree C could be developed. Zirconium alloys designed for high strength to …

This is the third quarterly report that documents a system of mass flow that can record measurements of homogeneous flow, slurries, highly corrosive fluids and multiphase fluids, additionally considering pressure drops, measuring external to the flow, ruggedness and reliability.

This is the fifth quarterly report that documents a system of mass flow that can record measurements of homogeneous flow, slurries, highly corrosive fluids and multiphase fluids, additionally considering pressure drops, measuring external to the flow, ruggedness and reliability.

The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) is a pressurized reactor, cooled and moderated with D2O, and has the capability of testing fuel assemblies under operating conditions of coolant flow, temperate, and pressure that are typical of those proposed for modern power reactors. The report contains (1) description of the four systems used for failed element detection, (2) discussion of the laboratory analyses of water samples used a as backup for the fuel failure instruments, (3) description of 3 monitors, Cyclic Air Sampling Monitor, Stack Gas Activity Monitor, Health Physics Building Monitors, (4) normal full power activity readings, (5) discussion of the experience during fuel failure.

When the nucleus of an atom in a crystalline solid undergoes radiative neutron capture there is disruption of the crystal in the vicinity of the event due to energetic processes accompanying the nuclear transformation. This local disruption has been termed a "hot-zone" or "displacement spike". The chemical state of a transformed recoil atom immediately following transformation is unknown. Within a microsecond the "hot zone" has cooled sufficiently to "freeze" the recoil atom into a stable (or metastable) chemical state. A fraction of the metastable recoil atoms can undergo thermal annealing reactions, and the chemical nature of the metastable state can sometimes be inferred from annealing data. It is characteristic of these reactions that the recoil atoms tend to be reincorporated into the parent chemical form.

The Model Q-1212C Pulser is a single frequency (60 pps) generator whose output waveform is characterized by a rise-time of less than 4 mµsec and, depending upon the method of termination, an exponential decay having a time constant of 300 or 600µsec. The waveform approximates that produced by a radiation detector. The waveform approximates that produced by a radiation detector. The maximum available output from the instrument is 10 volts, positive or negative polarity, and is continuously adjustable by means of step switches and a 10-turn potentiometer. The potentiometer has a linearity of 0.1%.

Abstract; SM-1 Reactor Core I Rearranged and Spiked, and Core II with Special Components were analyzed under various off-design conditions to induce nucleate boiling. The steady state code, STDY-3, written for the thermal analysis of pressurized water cores, was employed for the analysis. The code performs a complete steady state parallel channel thermal analysis for both nominal and hot channels. Thermal characteristics of individual elements were investigated while changing the parameters of primary pressure or inlet temperature to introduce the phenomenon of nucleate boiling in the the core. Reduction of system pressures to 1000, 800, and 600 psia and increasing core inlet temperatures to 465 and 500 degree F were studied as the means to induce boiling in the core. This analysis indicates that SM-1 Core I Rearranged and Spiked can be safely operated at the reduced pressure of 910 psia without introducing extensive boiling in the core. SM-1 Core II with Special Components can be operated at 800 psia or at an inlet temperature of 500 degree F at 1200 psia.

Summary: Two UO2-filled stainless steel clad fuel rods in which fission gas pressure was measured during irradiation have been subjected to post irradiation examination. Results of free gas analysis and metallographic examination are in general agreement with observed pressures reported previously. Calculated fuel surface temperatures based on extent of fuel recrystallization indicate that in a one-half inch diameter fuel rod with 0.014 inch diametral clearance operated at a maximum heat flux of 531,000 Btu/hr-ft, gap conductance increased with increasing heat flux. An analysis of void configuration indicates that pressure is more sensitive to as-fabricated void volume and changes in this volume resulting from fuel expansion than to fuel central temperature. The decreases in effective void volume with increasing fuel temperatures becomes more significant as initial void volume decreases, and excessive fission gas pressures may be developed in fuel rods operated at high fuel temperatures unless adequate expansion volume is provided in fabrication.

During the past year notable progress was made in several laboratories on design for linear accelerators in the energy range up to and above 1 Bev. Interest in linacs for this energy centers on two possible applications: first, as injectors for 300 to 1000 Bev synchrotrons, and second, as sources of intense meson beams. To review this progress, a conference jointly sponsored by the Brookhaven National Laboratory and Yale University was held at Brookhaven during the week of August 20, 1962.

From abstract: "This report summarizes the past year of study of fine, molded, multicrystalline graphites with particular reference to the interrelation among certain properties with the composition, fabricating techniques, and thermal treatments found to influence them."

The design of NPR shows large quantities of carbon steel pipe and fittings in the front and rear face areas. These are also the area where the most work must be done during an outage, and consequently lower radiation levels are needed here than elsewhere in the piping system. A single pass decontamination of the front and rear piping without going through the entire loop is desirable. Because of the quantities of chemicals and available down time, an effective shorty interval process is needed. This report gives some recent laboratory data on this subject.

The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) was built for the Atomic Energy Commission by the Du Pont Company to satisfy a need for fuel testing in the AEC's Heavy Water Power Reactor Program. The reactor was designed to provide a realistic test environment for full size fuel candidates. The report contains sections on (1) the containment building, (2) vertical cross section of the reactor vessel, (3) core layout, (4) low power physics tests and comparison with calculations, (5) rod worths, (6) temperature coefficients, (7) flux shapes, and (8) the operating philosophy of a test reactor.

Abstract: The question of how crack-free, protective oxide films can form on zirconium during oxidation when the Pilling-Bedworth ratio is about 1.5 has been considered by a study of the relative plasticity of various forms of zirconia. Hot hardness measurements showed that doping mono-clinic zirconia with iron, nickel, or chromium resulted in softer (more plastic) structures and that yttrium additions slightly reduced the plasticity. Calcia-stabilized cubic zirconia was found to be more plastic than mono-clinic zirconia when tested at temperatures above 200 degrees C. The behavior of anion-deficient oxides indicated that they were more plastic than stoichiometric oxides even though the hardness values were identical at 23 degrees C. The former were free from cracks at the indentions, whereas, stoichiometric oxides exhibited extensive cracking around and between indentions. The behavior of actual, thick (72 microns) oxide films during tensile deformation of oxidized metal samples indicated that considerable plasticity occurs in the oxide at 500 degrees C but that the films are brittle at 23 degrees C. It was concluded that the plasticity of the oxide may be greater than that of the oxygen-contaminated substrate at elevated temperatures and may be the means by which epitaxial strains are minimized.

This paper describes the measurement of control rod strength in the PCTR. The first section outlines the theory and method of such a measurement, and the second section presents the results of the measurement of the Experimental Gas Cooled Reactor (EGCR) control rod strength. The reactor parameter actually inferred is the difference in the infinitive multiplication factor for a control rod supercell with and without the control rod in place in the supercell. These measurements are, therefore, very closely related to the measurement of k∞ for an ordinary lattice cell.