The salinity tolerance of Gambusia affinis was determined in static bioassays. Gambusia easily tolerated salinity of 47.5 percent in 96 hour static bioassays. Survival at this level was 93.3 percent with the lowest survival being 68 percent at 40 percent salinity. The acute toxicities of endrin, DDT, aldrin, and dieldrin to Gambusia were determined by static and intermittent-flow bioassays. Toxicity was measured as the Mediant lethal Concentration (TL/sub 50/) for 96-hr exposures. TL/sub 50/ values were lower in the intermittent-flow bioassays than in static bioassays. Residue concentrations were also compared in surviving and dead fish from the intermittent-flow bioassays. Residue concentrations in fish that died during tests were higher than those of fish that survived. However, the range of concentrations in dead and living fish overlapped.

This report is on Casework and the Role of Caseworker in a Congression Office.

The Laboratory's multiple-actuator shaker facility at Site 300, developed for weapons testing, is now also being used for such studies as shock and vibration tests of rocket motors, seismic qualification of a turbine-generator set, and performance analysis of the rock bolts used in mine-tunnel construction. Rigid loads exceeding 9 tonnes can be tested over a wide frequency range (dc to 500 Hz) with up to 120 channels of real-time data acquisition and display. Capabilities include the safe testing of hazardous materials and explosives exceeding 90-kg TNT equivalent. The computerized control system permits the shaker to be easily adapted to nonstandard shock and vibration tests. The shaker can be used for a wide variety of projects, such as materials testing, aerospace structural-response studies, seismic proof testing, and conventional ordnance work.

A computer program has been developed to facilitate the evaluation of the Rocky Flats Emergency Dosimetry System. This program evaluates data to determine the neutron fluence associated with a criticality accident. It is necessary to obtain information about the critical system for personnel dose estimates. Information pertaining to the geometry and position of the critical material and orientation of personnel, with respect to the material, is essential to supplement the calculations contained in this program.

This report documents the tests conducted to find a reliable surface preparation method of treating the CRBRP dip seal blade (SA508 Class 2 steel) to insure its sodium wettability at 450F or less. Two techniques were established which depressed the sodium wetting temperature of SA 508, Class 2 dip seal blade material to 375F. These techniques were depositing an approx. 60 x 10/sup -6/ inch layer of tin on the blade surface by a brush-on plating process, and, by cleaning the blade surface with ultrasonics while it is immersed in sodium. The tin plating technique is recommended as the initial and primary surface preparation method and ultrasonics as a rewetting and backup technique. This work was conducted in support of the Sodium Dip Seal Feature Test, DRS 32.05.

Progress in studying the cost and market potential of HSPF gas heat pumps of the 7/sup 1///sub 2/ ton and larger size level and in testing components of the system is reported. (LCL)

This report, based on first-quarter 1977 dollars, is an update of costs presented in ORNL/TM-5070 (Rev.), which gave cost estimates for desalting seawater and brackish waters based on first-quarter 1975 financial parameters. Cost estimates are given for desalting seawater by distillation and reverse osmosis and for brackish waters using reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. Cost data were computed as a function of plant size and energy cost. The cost of generating steam and electrical energy on-site using coal-fired boilers as well as oil-fired boilers and dual-purpose electric/seawater distillation plants is included. While the costs of energy, equipment and labor have continued to rise, they have increased at a relatively modest rate compared with the two years prior to 1975. On an average, the cost of desalting seawater by distillation has increased approximately 15%. Costs for desalting brackish waters by the membrance processes have increased about 7%.

Short term objectives for well-logging instrumentation are circuits which can operate at temperatures in the range 275/sup 0/C to 350/sup 0/C; the medium term goal is operation up to 500/sup 0/C, and the long term goal is to achieve operation at 1000/sup 0/C. It is apparent that useful electronic circuits will require the combination of both passive components and active devices. In order to meet the compatibility requirements, the basic technology which has been selected in this project is the chemical vapor deposition of metal interconnections, resistor material, dielectric material and passivating material. It is to be emphasized that this is a thin-film, not thick-film, technology which is compatible with the processing methods used in fabricating either semiconductor or integrated thermionic devices, and produces components which are electrically compatible with those devices. The investigation in this project is primarily directed toward tungsten metallization, tungsten-silicon resistors, and silicon nitride dielectric and passivation.

Research progress is reported on the development of passive components, resistors, capacitors, metallization, and passivation, that will withstand well logging temperatures to 500/sup 0/C and have extremely low temperature coefficients. The lower the temperature coefficients, the more exacting the instrumentation designs can be without elaborate compensation techniques. The method of fabricating the thin film components is that of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) which is a major deviation from the standard approach. The films are grown in a CVD reactor by passing various reactant gases over a heated substrate. The reactor was modified in order to accommodate the gases needed in the deposition of metals. The reactor can be operated over a temperature range of 400/sup 0/C to greater than 1200/sup 0/C, and at any pressure between atmospheric and 1 x 10/sup -3/ torr. Tungsten, tungsten-silicon, and silicon nitride were successfully deposited on oxidized silicon wafers. The tungsten is used for interconnects and capacitor plates, tungsten-silicon is used as a high resistivity material for resistors, and silicon nitride is used as a dielectric for the capacitors and as a passivation layer. The materials are currently being studied in terms of their deposition parameters and electrical characteristics.

This compilation lists abstracts of papers, internal reports, and talks presented during 1976 at national and international meetings by members of the Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Subjects include: coal gasification, gas stimulation, geothermal fields, oil shale retorting, radioactive waste management, geochemistry, geophysics, seismology, explosive phenomenology, and miscellaneous studies.

An anion exchange process was developed to process miscellaneous residues of plutonium plus 0.5 wt % neptunium to allow prompt return of the plutonium to a plutonium recovery process. Several macroreticular anion exchange resins were compared to Dowex 1-X4 for the process. Dowex 1-X4 showed the best performance for the plutonium (III)-neptunium(IV) separation.

During Phase I of this program (concluded in October of 1976), economic analyses and experimental work were carried out on the fluidized-bed zinc reduction of SiCl/sub 4/ and on several modifications of the iodide process (SiI/sub 4/ decomposition or reduction) which led to the selection of the fluidized-bed zinc reduction of SiCl/sub 4/ as a promising candidate for supplying low-cost solar- or semiconductor-grade silicon. Phase II of the program, which is described, has as its objective, designing an experimental facility (tentative 25 MT Si/year capacity) and carrying out an experimental program to support the design effort. Updates of plant and production cost estimates at the 1000 MT/year level are to be made based on the design experience.

Progress is reported in the design of a large experimental facility for the preparation of high-purity silicon by the zinc vapor reduction of silicon tetrachloride in a fluidized bed of seed particles to form a free-flowing granular product. As of July 25, 1977, the capacity goal for the experimental facility was raised from 25 to 50 MT Si/year. Process flow diagrams and materials/energy flow sheets have been revised to conform to the higher capacity and a plant layout has been developed for locating the facility within an available structure. A unit-by-unit review of instrumentation and other requirements has been made, with the inclusion of those items in the flow diagrams and flow sheets. Alternative designs are presented for a silicon carbide-coated carbon-lined fluidized-bed reactor contained in hot-wall stainless steel, including alternative designs for zinc vaporizers based on detailed heat-transfer calculations. Conditions and equipment for the conversion of by-product chlorine to hypochlorite for use in the treatment of sewage effluent locally were defined. The logistics of 19 percent NaOH delivery and pick-up of 14 percent NaOCL was worked out and equipment suppliers were identified. Heat dissipation requirements for the fluidized bed, Zn/ZnCl/sub 2/ condenser, and SiCl/sub 4/ waste disposal sections were …

Fabrication of two hemispheres from high-purity (P-1) beryllium powder by hot-isostatic pressing (HIP) of cold-isostatically pressed (CIP) preforms is described.

With the advent of vector programing it becomes necessary to provide FORTRAN users a convenient method to utilize the vector capabilities of a computer in such a way that the impact is minimal to the user. We propose to do this through four simple-to-use subroutines called the FIVE package.

The immediate objectives of this program are to measure the spectrum-integrated helium generation rates and cross sections of several materials in the available high intensity neutron sources, and to develop neutron dosimetry procedures using some of these materials. This requires further development of foil activation dosimetry techniques, since the cross section measurements require a detailed characterization of each neutron environment. The neutron facilities presently used in this program include accelerators producing d-T and d-Be reactions and high flux mixed-spectrum fission reactors. Most of the work reported here has focused on neutron spectra from the d-T reaction. A description is given of the preliminary analysis of wire rings included in the irradiation capsule for helium accumulation fluence dosimetry. The results show non-uniformities in the neutron fluence distribution characterizing this irradiation, and point out the value of helium accumulation fluence dosimetry for characterizing high energy (approximately 5 to 30 MeV) neutron fields. The helium accumulation fluence data are being used to adjust the neutron fluence map for calculation of final helium generation cross sections from the other RTNS-irradiated pure element specimens. Most of the specimens irradiated in the RTNS-I experiment have been analyzed for helium, and preliminary results are presented.

A method permitting the calculation of inclusive and semi-inclusive cross sections at high energies starting from an arbitrary field theory was worked out. The method relies on a functional integral representation of the generating functional of inclusive cross sections and on the use of semiclassical methods. The inclusive cross section is proportional to the absolute square of the Fourier transform of a special soliton solution of the classical field equations in zeroth order semi-classical approximation. A conserved topological quantum number that has a nonzero value for the soliton solution was found. Future research to be performed in this field under the contract is described including applications to various field theories and the exploration of connections with Reggeon field theory.

The normal operating pressure for the inner and outer Railroad Door Seals is 90 psig. The instrumentation which monitors this pressure does not provide assurance that the 90 psig can be maintained during reactor operations. A decrease in pressure is detected by a low level pressure alarm set to alarm at 88 psig. When another 8 psig is allowed for the instrument error of this alarm and the operating band during the leak test, the minimum pressure maintained in the seals is reduced to 80 psig. 80 psig, therefore, is the pressure that the LOFT Technical Specifications have committed to maintain.

The energy efficiency of the aqueous electrolysis step in the proposed lithium production cell was experimentally determined. Coulombic efficiencies approach 100 percent above 0.7 kA/m/sup 2/, for amalgam concentrations of 1.0--1.2 at. percent Li, and for T = 21/sup 0/C. Under these operating conditions, cell voltage is 3.1 V, and the overall energy efficiency is 82 +- 1 percent. The anodic dissolution of calcium in mixed NaOH--NaCl electrolytes was studied in the concentration region near (1.6 M NaOH, 0.05 M NaCl). It was found that passivation could be effectively prevented by additions of water-glass, Na/sub 2/O . x(SiO/sub 2/), x = 3--5. An oscillatory phenomenon was discovered where the potential of the calcium fluctuates with an amplitude of 0.4 V and a period of about 25 s. Under investigation are several new concepts for the high-energy-efficiency production of lithium and calcium metals. 4 figures.

Work done on the Lithium--Water--Air Battery Research Program in the work period August through November, 1977, is summarized. A prototype single-cell fuel cell was developed. The single galvanic cell consists of two 30-cm square aluminum plates separated by a two-faced air cathode mockup. The purposes of the model are to determine ease and cost of electrode servicing and weight and manufacturing cost of the hardware. Projections of fuel cell performance and cost were made, based on the prototype cell and the performance of cells of similar anode--cathode spacing produced by Lockheed Missiles and Space Company. Performance is a strong function of the weight of water carried in the fuel cell, as water is the limiting reactant when sufficient aluminum is carried for a vehicle range of 1600 km. Research concerning the electrochemistry of calcium in aqueous chloride--hydroxide electrolytes is summarized with reference to a recent presentation of the work at the Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society. Polarization curves were obtained for the aluminum alloy used by Lockheed in fuel cell research. The experimental data agree closely with Lockheed's published results. 9 figures, 1 table.

Double shell targets may have decisive advantages over single shells for achieving a number of goals in the laser fusion program. With 0.2 ..mu.. light, such designs achieve 500 to 1000 times liquid density at 2 kJ absorbed; 10 percent or more of breakeven at 15 kJ absorbed, and gains of 10 or more at 200 kJ absorbed. These targets are relatively insensitive to preheat, laser pulse shape, and hydrodynamic instability. A double shell in which the outer pusher is fuel may achieve a gain of 1000 for lasers in the 1 to 10 megajoule size. Ultra thin targets have only about a factor of two reduction in power shells with aspect ratios of 2 to 4 while requiring about the same input energy and achieving about the same gain. Their extreme sensitivity to preheat, symmetry, and hydrodynamic instability makes them unattractive for targets in advanced lasers systems.

The impact of the advances in the miniaturization of electronic components is related. The standardization program at LLL is reviewed; its principles should find application elsewhere. A small computer users library maintains master software tapes, documentation, educational materials, and catalogs. Other aspects of the program include software licensing agreements, the LSI-11 bulletin, EE bulletin, users meetings, stores stock and documentation, publications, educational facilities, hardware designs, memory programming center, simulators, and application assistance. 6 figures. (RWR)

The 1/5th scale model Mark I pressure suppression facility was experimentally analyzed in order to determine its fundamental modes of vibration. The results of the modal analysis revealed seven apparent modes with frequencies below 100 Hz. In this report each mode is characterized by a description of the motion, the natural frequency, and the response amplitude. The results indicate that the response of the torus to an impulsive load in the vertical direction is dominated by two modes at 12.2 Hz and 59.8 Hz.

The rate of rotational relaxation can influence the amount of single-line absorption for a transition that involves discrete rotational states. The extent of selected-state laser chemistry can thus be affected by the rotational bottleneck effect. Models of rotational relaxation and pulsed single-line absorption were constructed to determine the main factors governing the bottleneck effect, to determine the relaxation rate constants necessary to maintain equilibrium for a wide range of conditions, and to investigate the effects of rotational relaxation in a two-step photodissociative isotope enrichment scheme. Coupling the models with laboratory experiments could also yield a new method for determining rotational relaxation rates.