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Global Climate Change: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Status, Trends, and Projections
This report reviews U.S. emissions of greenhouse gases in the contexts both of domestic policy and of international obligations and proposals. On October 15, 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force on March 21, 1994. This committed the United States to “national policies” to limit “its anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases,” with a voluntary goal of returning “emissions of carbon dioxide [CO2] and other greenhouse gases [methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)]” at the “end of the decade” to “their 1990 levels.”
Date:
August 15, 2003
Creator:
Blodgett, John E. & Parker, Larry
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol
This report discusses the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that was completed December 11, 1997, committing the industrialized nations to specified, legally binding reductions in emissions of six “greenhouse gases.”
Date:
January 15, 2003
Creator:
Fletcher, Susan R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Endangered Species Act: Consideration of Economic Factors
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) provides for the listing and protection of species that are found to be “endangered” or “threatened” – species that might become extinct. The listing of a species as endangered triggers the prohibitions in the Act against “taking” (killing or harming) individuals of the protected species, unless a permit is obtained to take individuals incidental to an otherwise lawful proposed action, or an exemption for the proposed action is obtained. Unauthorized taking of a listed species can result in civil or criminal penalties. These prohibitions and potential penalties can affect various activities, including development and use of land, with attendant economic impacts.
Date:
April 15, 2003
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Background and Issues
This report discusses the ongoing debate about whether or not to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for energy development. The report discusses arguments for and against such development and related pieces of legislation. It does not analyze specific proposals to develop or protect the Refuge. Rather, it provides basic material for analyzing possibilities and implications of the major issues that have been the focus of the legislative debate over its fate.
Date:
May 15, 2003
Creator:
Corn, M. Lynne
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Aid to Libraries: The Library Services and Technology Act
This report discusses the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA), which consolidated and replaced the former Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) and other federal library assistance legislation. LSTA grants to the states are allocated to state library administrative agencies (SLAAs), and may be used for two basic purposes: developing and improving electronic or other linkages and networks connecting providers and consumers of library services and resources; and/or targeting library services to under served or disadvantaged populations, such as persons with disabilities, those with limited literacy skills, or children from poor families.
Date:
May 15, 2003
Creator:
McCallion, Gail
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
This report discuses lumber imports from Canada and provides a concise historical account of the dispute, summarizes the subsidy and injury evidence, and discusses the current issues and events.
Date:
September 15, 2003
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W. & Grimmett, Jeanne J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Federal Arbitration Act: Background and Recent Developments
Enacted in 1925, the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) seeks to ensure the validity and enforcement of arbitration agreements in any “maritime transaction or . . . contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce.” In general, the FAA evidences a national policy favoring arbitration. However, the application of the FAA to various types of arbitration agreements has been the subject of numerous lawsuits. This report provides a brief legislative history of the FAA, as well as a review of selected cases that have interpreted the FAA. The report also discusses bills introduced during the 108th Congress that would amend the FAA to address the use of arbitration to resolve employment and specific contract disputes.
Date:
August 15, 2003
Creator:
Shimabukuro, Jon O.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Child Pornography: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes
The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996, P.L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009- 26, added a definition of “child pornography” that include visual depictions of what appears to be a minor engaging in explicit sexual conduct, even if no actual minor was used in producing the depiction. On April 16, 2002, in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, the Supreme Court held this provision unconstitutional to the extent that it prohibited pictures that were not produced with actual minors. (This case is discussed under “Section 2256,” below.) In response to Ashcroft, bills were introduced in the House and Senate that would continue to ban some child pornography that was produced without an actual minor; on June 25, 2002, the House passed one such bill: H.R. 4623, 107th Congress.
Date:
October 15, 2003
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Child Care Issues in the 108th Congress
This report includes recent developments in federal child care programs and tax provisions. The report discusses several federal programs that support child care or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. The report presents the legislative activity in the 108th Congress in regard to child care legislature and provisions.
Date:
September 15, 2003
Creator:
Gish, Melinda
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SCHIP Financing Issues for the 108th Congress
None
Date:
August 15, 2003
Creator:
Baumrucker, Evelyne P. & Kraut, Peter
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Hatch-Waxman Act: Proposed Legislative Changes Affecting Pharmaceutical Patents
This report describes the Proposed Legislative Changes Affecting Pharmaceutical Patents on Hatch-Waxman Act. The Hatch-Waxman Act provides the FDA with certain authorities to offer periods of marketing for a pharmaceutical independent of the rights conferred by patents.
Date:
July 15, 2003
Creator:
Schacht, Wendy H. & Thomas, John R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Products Liability: A Legal Overview
None
Date:
August 15, 2003
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fair Credit Reporting Act: Frequently Asked Questions
As financial privacy issues are debated in Congress, numerous questions about the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) have emerged. Enacted in 1970, the Fair Credit Reporting Act is the federal statute that establishes a regulatory framework for credit reporting in the United States and establishes a consumer’s rights with respect to his or her credit report. This report attempts to answer frequently asked questions about the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
Date:
September 15, 2003
Creator:
Welborn, Angie A. & Nott, Loretta
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water Quality: Implementing the Clean Water Act
None
Date:
May 15, 2003
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense Research: DOD's Research, Development, Test and Evaluation Program
Congress supports the research and development efforts of the Department of Defense (DOD) with a Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) appropriation. The appropriation primarily supports the development of the nation’s future military hardware and software and the technology base upon which those products rely. It is the federal government’s single largest research and development account. Besides supporting the nation’s military needs, some of the technology developed with RDT&E funds spills over into the commercial sector. For these reasons, RDT&E funding draws a considerable amount of attention within Congress each year.
Date:
May 15, 2003
Creator:
Moteff, John D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Arms Control: The U.S.-Russian Agenda
None
Date:
May 15, 2003
Creator:
Woolf, Amy F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Roll Call Votes Since 1982
None
Date:
January 15, 2003
Creator:
Brown, Alan W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FY2004 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terrorism: Military Operations
This report mainly discusses about the FY2004 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terrorism: Military Operations. Bill Young has recently said that he hopes to have conference report on supplemental appropriations.
Date:
October 15, 2003
Creator:
Daggett, Stephen; Nowels, Larry; Tarnoff, Curt & Margesson, Rhoda
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress
None
Date:
August 15, 2003
Creator:
Feickert, Andrew
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Financing
This is one report in the series of reports that discuss the campaign finance practices and related issues. Concerns over financing federal elections have become a seemingly perennial aspect of our political system, centered on the enduring issues of high campaign costs and reliance on interest groups for needed campaign funds. The report talks about the today’s paramount issues such as perceived loopholes in current law and the longstanding issues: overall costs, funding sources, and competition.
Date:
December 15, 2003
Creator:
Cantor, Joseph E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money
Prior to enactment of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), P.L. 107-155, the term “soft money” generally referred to unregulated funds, perceived as resulting from loopholes in the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), 2 U.S.C. §§ 431 et seq. Generally, the intent of BCRA, (effective Nov. 6, 2002), which amends FECA, is to restrict the raising and spending of soft money. This Issue Brief discusses constitutional and legal issues surrounding two major types of soft money that BCRA regulates: political party soft money and soft money used for issue advocacy communications. Corporate and labor union soft money, which FECA exempts from regulation and is not addressed by BCRA, is also discussed.
Date:
April 15, 2003
Creator:
Whitaker, L. Paige
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Electoral College: Reform Proposals in the 108th Congress
American voters elect the President and Vice President of the United States under a complex arrangement of constitutional provisions, federal and state laws, and political party practices known as the electoral college system. Despite occasional close elections, this system has delivered uncontested results in 46 of 50 elections since adoption of the 12th Amendment, effective in 1804. Throughout this period, nevertheless, it has been the subject of persistent criticism and many reform proposals. Related measures fall into two basic categories: those that would eliminate the electoral college and substitute direct popular election of the President and Vice President, and those that would retain the existing system in some form and correct perceived defects.
Date:
April 15, 2003
Creator:
Neale, Thomas H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Financial Aid for Students: Print and Web Guides
This report is a list of books and web addresses which is intended to help students locate financial aid.
Date:
October 15, 2003
Creator:
Mages, Lisa
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and Electricity Conservation Issues
In the 108th Congress, debate over energy efficiency programs has focused on budget, oil, natural gas, and electricity issues, and provisions in the omnibus energy policy bill, S. 2095, H.R. 6, and S. 14/S. 1149. The Bush Administration’s FY2005 budget request for the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Energy Efficiency Program sought $875.9 million, including $543.9 for R&D and $332.0 million for grants. In the first session, the omnibus energy bill (H.R. 6) had several significant tax and regulatory measures for energy efficiency. It did not pass the Senate due to concerns about cost and an MTBE “safe harbor” provision.
Date:
April 15, 2003
Creator:
Sissine, Fred
System:
The UNT Digital Library