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Price allocation guidelines January 1980: Low-cost solar array project (open access)

Price allocation guidelines January 1980: Low-cost solar array project

The price allocation guidelines (PAG) are an integrated set of specific cost targets for several task areas within the Low-cost Solar Array (LSA) Project. PAG is a working tool of LSA Project management designed to provide consistent and meaningful guidelines for costs of polycrystalline silicon material, sheet, cells, encapsulants, and module manufacturing. It is expected that advanced photovoltaic concepts derived from industry and the research community can be developed so that it will be possible by the end of 1982 to demonstrate production processes, all process steps, and prototype equipment required to manufacture flat-plate photovoltaic modules. This demonstration would incorporate production rates and product quality consistent with a specific market price determined by the program. This stage of development has been referred to as Technical Readiness. A goal of $0.70 per peak watt (1980 dollars) has been established for the cost of electricity generated by photovoltaic modules. The processes for producing modules demonstrated to be technically ready must be amenable to scale-up so that this price goal can eventually be achieved in the marketplace. The guidelines described in this document allocate portions of that goal to each module component. Sheet materials derived from the following five technologies are considered: Czochralski, …
Date: January 15, 1980
Creator: Aster, R. W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water testing of the inducer pump. [LMFBR] (open access)

Water testing of the inducer pump. [LMFBR]

The inducer pump, designed and fabricated as a test article to evaluate the inducer/impeller pump concept for providing improved suction performance of large sodium pumps, met or exceeded all performance goals. The inducer stage in front of the centrifugal impeller dramatically reduces the size of pumps. It was demonstrated that the inducer can operate at suction specific speeds in excess of 35,000, whereas conventional centrifugal pumps have demonstrated capability to only 12,000. The inducer pump employs several components of the 2000 and 4000 gpm NaK pumps from the Connecticut Aircraft Nuclear Engine Laboratory (CANEL) Programs. Use of the volute, thermal barrier and shaft oil seal from the CANEL pumps allowed acceleration and cost reduction of the Inducer Pump Program.
Date: September 15, 1977
Creator: Dunn, C. & Hoshide, R.K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Technical study for the chemical cleaning of Dresden-1. Volume I, Section 1 and 2 (open access)

Technical study for the chemical cleaning of Dresden-1. Volume I, Section 1 and 2

A feasibility study has been completed to decontaminate the primary system of the Dresden-1 Nuclear Power Unit operated by Commonwealth Edison Company of Illinois. Available data initially were searched to determine the state of the art. Solvents based on organic acids and chelates gave unsatisfactory deontamination factors or unacceptable corrosion rates when evaluated for cleaning of specimens from the Dresden-1 primary system, under static and dynamic conditions. A new proprietary cleaning solution, Dow Solvent NS-1, was successfully applied in these laboratory studies.
Date: June 15, 1977
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Equation of state of beryllium (open access)

Equation of state of beryllium

A new, wide-range equation of state (EOS) has been constructed for Be. The composite theoretical model incorporates ionization equilibrium and condensed-matter and multiphase physics. It also satisfies all thermodynamic equilibrium constraints. The theoretical EOS has been compared with all available high-pressure and high-temperature Be data, and satisfactory agreement is generally achieved. The most interesting feature is the theoretical prediction of melting at just below 220 GPa (2 Mb), indicating an extremely wide pressure range for solid Be. A striking feature is the appearance of shell-structure effects in physical-process paths: 2 large loops appear on the principal Hugoniot and the behavior of release isentropes from rho = rho/sub 0/ is significantly affected.
Date: September 15, 1977
Creator: Graboske, H. & Wong, L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Generating technology assessment. Phase I work plan, Task 1 report (open access)

Generating technology assessment. Phase I work plan, Task 1 report

A plan of work outlining information to assess electric generating technologies is presented. Projections are made of realistic and understandable engineering and cost assessments of nonnuclear electrical generating technologies. A computer-based method of producing such engineering and cost estimates for use by EIA's Coal and Electric Power Analysis Division is to be developed and implemented. Technologies and processes to be assessed are: all nonnuclear conventional and nonconventional (coal gasification, advanced combustion turbines, atmospheric fluidized bed combustion, fuel cells, geothermal, solar thermal and photovoltaics, biomass conversion to electricity, ocean thermal, wind, and MHD). Engineering specifications recommended for determination are listed. Compatibility of the technologies are to be assessed with EIA models: MEFS, LEAP, and NCM.
Date: October 15, 1979
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of tailored ceramics for geologic storage of nuclear wastes. Quarterly progress report, January 1-March 31, 1980 (open access)

Development of tailored ceramics for geologic storage of nuclear wastes. Quarterly progress report, January 1-March 31, 1980

In the second quarter of activities on developing Tailored Ceramic waste forms for SRP waste compositions, emphasis was on the chemistry controlling the incorporation of the waste elements into the crystalline phases of the high-alumina content ceramic and the major factors affecting the consolidation process. Research on the design and synthesis of oxide and phosphate ceramic waste forms has continued with emphasis on fluorite-structure oxides and on rare earth phosphates with the monazite structure. Dissolution studies to date indicate that monazite is very stable.
Date: May 15, 1980
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intermediate-Size Inducer Pump design report. [LMFBR] (open access)

Intermediate-Size Inducer Pump design report. [LMFBR]

This report summarizes the mechanical, structural, and hydrodynamic design of the Intermediate-Size Inducer Pump (ISIP). The design was performed under Atomics International's DOE Base Technology Program by the Atomics International and Rocketdyne Divisions of Rockwell International. The pump was designed to utilize the FFTF prototype pump frame as a test vehicle to test the inducer, impeller, and diffuser plus necessary adapter hardware under simulated Large Scale Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor service conditions. The report describes the design requirements including the purpose and objectives, and discusses those design efforts and considerations made to meet the requirements. Included in the report are appendices showing calculative methods and results. Also included are overall assembly and layout drawings plus some details used as illustrations for discussion of the design results and the results of water tests performed on a model of the inducer.
Date: June 15, 1979
Creator: Boardman, T.J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Review of hydrogen isotope permeability through materials (open access)

Review of hydrogen isotope permeability through materials

This report is the first part of a comprehensive summary of the literature on hydrogen isotope permeability through materials that do not readily form hydrides. While we mainly focus on pure metals with low permeabilities because of their importance to tritium containment, we also give data on higher-permeability materials such as iron, nickel, steels, and glasses.
Date: August 15, 1983
Creator: Steward, S.A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Technical study for the chemical cleaning of Dresden-1 DNS-D1-016. Volume VII. Appendices IX thru XIV (open access)

Technical study for the chemical cleaning of Dresden-1 DNS-D1-016. Volume VII. Appendices IX thru XIV

Appendices are presented which contain information concerning the decontamination of Dresden-1; consultant's opinions; proceedings of the American Power Conference, Volume 37, 1975; health physics reports; toxicological properties and industrial handling hazards of Dow solvent NS-1; and expected radiation dose rates in the new Dresden station radioactive waste processing building.
Date: June 15, 1977
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Safety Calculations for MsSRE (open access)

Safety Calculations for MsSRE

A number of conceivable reactivity accidents were analyzed, using conservatively pessimistic assumptions and approximations, to permit evaluation of reactor safety. Most of the calculations, which are described in detail, were performed by a digital kinetics program, MURGATROYD. Some analog analyses were also made. None of the accidents which were analyzed lead to catastrophic failure of the reactor, which is the primary consideration. Some internal damage to the reactor from undesirably high temperatures could result from extreme cold- slug accidents, premature criticality during filling, or uncontrolled rod withdrawal. Each of these accidents could happen only by compounded failure of protective devices, and in each case there exists means of effective corrective action independent of the primary protection, so that damage is unlikeIy. The calculated response to arbitrary ramp and step additions of reactivity show that damaging pressures could occur only if the addition is the equivalent of a step of about 1% delta k/k or greater. (auth)
Date: May 15, 1962
Creator: Haubenreich, P.N. & Engel, J.R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Discharge circuits and loads (open access)

Discharge circuits and loads

This will be an overview in which some of the general properties of loads are examined: their interface with the energy storage and switching devices; general problems encountered with different types of loads; how load behavior and fault modes can impact on the design of a power conditioning system (PCS).
Date: October 15, 1980
Creator: Sarjeant, W. J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Utilization of coal associated minerals. Quarterly report No. 10, January 1-March 31, 1980 (open access)

Utilization of coal associated minerals. Quarterly report No. 10, January 1-March 31, 1980

In the preceding quarterly report, it was reported that while sampling the Solvent Refined Coal II (SRC II) pilot plant at Fort Lewis, Washington, the plant went down and vacuum bottoms waste material representing the minerals flow at the last steady state condition were obtained. This plant has been sampled again and samples of the incoming feed coal, sized coal and vacuum bottoms waste material were obtained. As part of our effort to trace the same mineral suite through mining, preparation and conversion, new samples of feed coal, cleaned coal and refuse were obtained from the District 4 commercial preparation plant. This preparation plant supplies coal to the SRC II pilot plant at Fort Lewis, Washington. A study of the thermal insulating properties of fired flyash based structural materials was completed and is included.
Date: July 15, 1980
Creator: Slonaker, J. F.; Buttermore, W. H.; Carlisle, J. A.; Durham, D. L.; Muter, R. B. & Alderman, J. K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Integrated dry NO sub x /SO sub 2 emissions control system (open access)

Integrated dry NO sub x /SO sub 2 emissions control system

This project's goal is to demonstrate the removal up to 70% of the NO{sub x} and 70% of the SO{sub 2} emissions from coal fired utility boilers. It will establish an alternative emissions control technology integrating a combination of several processes, while minimizing capital expenditures and limiting waste production to dry solids that are handled with conventional ash removal equipment. These processes include low-NO{sub x} burners, NO{sub x} ports and urea injection for NO{sub x} control, sodium or calcium based sorbent injection for SO{sub 2} control, and flue gas humidification to enhance the reactivity of the SO{sub 2} control compound.
Date: October 15, 1991
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emerging materials for solar cell applications. First quarter report, February 15-May 31, 1979 (open access)

Emerging materials for solar cell applications. First quarter report, February 15-May 31, 1979

Work to develop the theory controlling the electroplating of a compound semiconductor on a transparent, conductive substrate and to demonstrate operative solar cells using the approach is reported. The current program is divided essentially into three paralleled team efforts. The first effort centers on refining the electroplating process at Monosolar so thicker and more uniform layers of p- or n-type cadmium telluride can be plated on both In/sub 2/O/sub 3/:Sn- and Ni- coated substrates. 1 ..mu..M thick polycrystalline films have been achieved for the first time ever without peeling problems, a thickness optimum for maximum solar absorption and economy of materials. Second, work is underway at UCLA to physically and electrically characterize the films and diodes made from them. Under proper conditions Schottky diodes with better than 10/sup 4/ rectification ratios at 1.5 V were obtained along with preliminary indications of grain sizes up to 1 ..mu..M. Measurements of these diodes revealed the presence of deep trapping level(s) that may be associated with plating process impurities that since may have been eliminated. Third, work so far on developing improved techniques for depositing ITO has been successful at UCLA in their effort to eliminate persistent problems with ITO obtained from outside …
Date: June 15, 1979
Creator: Rod, R.L.; Shkedi, Z.; Bunshah, R. & Stafsudd, O.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of line focus solar central power systems. Volume II. Systems evaluation (open access)

Evaluation of line focus solar central power systems. Volume II. Systems evaluation

An evaluation was completed to ascertain the applicability of line focus technologies to electrical power applications and to compare their performance and cost potential with point focus central receiver power systems. It was concluded that although the high temperature line focus (SRI) and fixed mirror line focus (GA) concepts duplicate the heat source characteristics and power conversion technology of the central receiver concepts these configurations do not offer a sufficient improvement in cost to warrant full scale development. The systems are, however, less complex than their point focus counterpart and should the central receiver system development falter they provide reasonable technology alternatives. The parabolic trough concept (BDM) was found to provide a low temperature technology alternative to the central receiver concept with promising performance and cost potential. Its continued development is recommended, with special emphasis on lower temperature (< 700/sup 0/F) applications. Finally, a variety of new promising line focus power system configurations were identified for a range of utility and industrial applications and recommendations were made on their implementation. This volume contains the detailed report. (WHK)
Date: March 15, 1980
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Attempt to compare two arc orbit correction schemes analytically (open access)

Attempt to compare two arc orbit correction schemes analytically

Consider a transport line that consists of periodic cells. Let the beam position monitors and the orbit correctors be located with the same period as the cells and let the BPM's and the corrector distributions interlace each other. The arrangement does not always provide a stable orbit correction. The criterion for stability has been derived by Joe Murray and is reproduced. We calculate the rms orbit, the effect of BPM errors and the rms corrector strength in such correction schemes, yielding analytic formulae for these quantities. We then apply these formulae to the SLC arcs.
Date: December 15, 1983
Creator: Chao, A. & Weng, W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Structural and electronic studies of defects in amorphous silicon. Technical progress report, March-May 1980 (open access)

Structural and electronic studies of defects in amorphous silicon. Technical progress report, March-May 1980

Proton magnetic resonance data are presented for plasma-deposited amorphous Si:H as a function of annealing temperature up to 650/sup 0/C. The data indicate that hydrogen diffuses internally before major evolution occurs, that transfer of hydrogen occurs from a heavily clustered phase to a dilute phase coincident with evolution and that evolution occurs initially from the heavily clustered phase. Comparison with infrared data indicates that the heavily clustered phase can be either SiH/ sub x/t = 2,3) or SiH.
Date: July 15, 1980
Creator: Street, R. A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy conservation by hyperfiltration: food industry background literature survey (open access)

Energy conservation by hyperfiltration: food industry background literature survey

The application of hyperfiltration to selected food product streams and food processing wastewaters for energy conservation was examined. This literature survey had led to the following conclusions: no research has been conducted in the food industry using membranes with hot process streams due to the temperature limitation (&lt; 40/sup 0/C) of the typically studied cellulose acetate membranes; based on the bench-scale research reviewed, concentration of fruit and vegetable juices with membranes appears to be technically feasible; pretreatment and product recovery research was conducted with membranes on citrus peel oil, potato processing and brine wastewaters and wheys. The experiments demonstrated that these applications are feasible; many of the problems that have been identified with membranes are associated with either the suspended solids or the high osmotic pressure and viscosity of many foods; research using dynamic membranes has been conducted with various effluents, at temperatures to approx. 100/sup 0/C, at pressures to 1200 psi and with suspended solids to approx. 2%; and, the dynamic membrane is being prototype tested by NASA for high temperature processing of shower water. The literature review substantiates potential for dynamic membrane on porous stainless tubes to process a number of hot process and effluent streams in the …
Date: April 15, 1980
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of model reference adaptive control theory for electric power plant control applications (open access)

Development of model reference adaptive control theory for electric power plant control applications

The scope of this effort includes the theoretical development of a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) Model Reference Control (MRC) algorithm, (i.e., model following control law), Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) algorithm and the formulation of a nonlinear model of a typical electric power plant. Previous single-input, single-output MRAC algorithm designs have been generalized to MIMO MRAC designs using the MIMO MRC algorithm. This MRC algorithm, which has been developed using Command Generator Tracker methodologies, represents the steady state behavior (in the adaptive sense) of the MRAC algorithm. The MRC algorithm is a fundamental component in the MRAC design and stability analysis. An enhanced MRC algorithm, which has been developed for systems with more controls than regulated outputs, alleviates the MRC stability constraint of stable plant transmission zeroes. The nonlinear power plant model is based on the Cromby model with the addition of a governor valve management algorithm, turbine dynamics and turbine interactions with extraction flows. An application of the MRC algorithm to a linearization of this model demonstrates its applicability to power plant systems. In particular, the generated power changes at 7% per minute while throttle pressure and temperature, reheat temperature and drum level are held constant with a reasonable level …
Date: September 15, 1982
Creator: Mabius, L.E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Improved methods to manufacture aluminum (open access)

Improved methods to manufacture aluminum

A low-temperature (750{degrees}C) process to produce aluminum, employing dimensionally-stable electrodes, was investigated under this contract. Tests were carried out at a 10-ampere scale to develop a nonconsumable anode and to evaluate certain cell operating parameters. The work was carried out in conjunction with a NSF SBIR research grant to study the fundamental science aspects of the process. A scaled up 300-ampere cell was built and a preliminary test run was made with encouraging results. The new technology has the promise of producing aluminum at 5.0 kWh/lb as compared to the US average of about 7.5 kWh/lb, and to produce it at lower cost. Preliminary technical discussions have been held with a major US aluminum company under secrecy agreement for eventual licensing.
Date: June 15, 1992
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development program to support industrial coal gasification. Quarterly report 1 (open access)

Development program to support industrial coal gasification. Quarterly report 1

The Development Program to Support Industrial Coal Gasification is on schedule. The efforts have centered on collecting background information and data, planning, and getting the experimental program underway. The three principal objectives in Task I-A were accomplished. The technical literature was reviewed, the coals and binders to be employed were selected, and tests and testing equipment to be used in evaluating agglomerates were developed. The entire Erie Mining facility design was reviewed and a large portion of the fluidized-bed coal gasification plant design was completed. Much of the work in Task I will be experimental. Wafer-briquette and roll-briquette screening tests will be performed. In Task II, work on the fluidized-bed gasification plant design will be completed and work on a plant design involving entrained-flow gasifiers will be initiated.
Date: January 15, 1982
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy and protein production from pulp mill wastes. Progress report, September 15, 1977--December 15, 1977 (open access)

Energy and protein production from pulp mill wastes. Progress report, September 15, 1977--December 15, 1977

Effort during the past quarter was directed at two specific objectives. First, the conversion of the protein production experiments from batch to continuous operation and, second, the identification of growth stimulants to increase methane yield. Early in the project, yeast production ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 grams of dry yeast per liter had been obtained in batch cultures. Highest yields were consistently attained on SSL (spent sulfite liquor) which had been ozonated for only 10 minutes. Continuous fermentation studies using three hour ozonated SSL confirmed the characteristic yields demonstrated in previous batch tests. Contamination, which occurred at residence times less than two days, appeared to decrease protein production rate and yield. Vitamins and minerals, fatty acids, and low molecular weight alcohols were investigated as possible stimulants for methane production. Only the combination of alcohol plus vitamins and minerals seemed to be effective. Stimulated production failed to achieve the 25 ml per hour rate that had randomly been exceeded many times over the past six months. Additional culture studies are planned to examine the possibility that the mixed culture, now present in the anaerobic fermenters, has degenerated slowly over the past year.
Date: December 15, 1977
Creator: Jurgensen, M. F. & Patton, J. T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bioethical perspective on acceptable-risk criteria for nuclear-waste management (open access)

Bioethical perspective on acceptable-risk criteria for nuclear-waste management

Wisely managing the profound human and environmental risks of nuclear wastes requires complex moral and ethical judgments. Whereas traditional ethics is limited to interpersonal relations, a new system of ethics--bioethics--concerns man's relation with nature. Environmentalists claim that technology has upset the balance of nature, that nature is sacred and has inviolable rights, and that man must therefore regulate his behavior to conform to earth's limited carrying capacity. They also say that Judeo-Christian monotheism and anthropocentrism have sanctioned the exploitation of nature in the West, whereas Eastern religions teach adaptation to nature. Evidence suggests, however, that the balance of nature is neither absolute nor precarious, but is continually changing. Moreover, technology has brought more good than harm to man, and man's needs should supersede nature's. Other evidence indicates that the earth's resources may be neither limited nor nearly exhausted. Persuasive arguments also demonstrate that man's relation with nature is not traceable to religious assumptions. In assessing the risks/benefits of nuclear-waste management, we should avoid risks that jeopardize the rights of future generations without imposing excessive sacrifices on the present generation.
Date: July 15, 1977
Creator: Maxey, M.N.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cover-gas-seal component development: dynamic inflatable-plug seal improvement (open access)

Cover-gas-seal component development: dynamic inflatable-plug seal improvement

This report documents the 1) radial compliance and 2) low friction coating tests conducted on the CRBRP Rotating Plug Inflatable Seals per test plan N707TR810014. Test results show that narrowing the seal blade from 0.25 to 0.12 in. will effectively reduce dynamic drag from 30 to 20 lb/ft under nominal conditions and will increase seal radial compliance from 0.12 to 0.30 in. without an unacceptable rise in dynamic drag. Tests also demonstrated that application of a teflon coating to the seal wear surface reduced breakaway drag by 25% based on results of comparison dwells.
Date: September 15, 1977
Creator: Horton, P.H.
System: The UNT Digital Library