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3-D surface profile measurements of large x-ray synchrotron radiation mirrors using stitching interferometry. (open access)

3-D surface profile measurements of large x-ray synchrotron radiation mirrors using stitching interferometry.

Stitching interferometry, using small-aperture, high-resolution, phase-measuring interferometry, has been proposed for quite some time now as a metrology technique to obtain 3-dimensional profiles of surfaces of oversized optical components and substrates. The aim of this work is to apply this method to the specific case of long grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors, such as those used in beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. Both fabrication and characterization of these mirrors would greatly benefit from this technique because it offers the potential for providing measurements with accuracy and resolution better than those obtained using existing noncontact laser profilers, such as the long trace profiler (LTP). Measurement data can be used as feedback for computer-controlled fabrication processes to correct for possible topography errors. The data can also be used for simulating and predicting mirror performance under realistic conditions. A semiautomated stitching system was built and tested at the X-ray Optics Metrology Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial objective was to achieve a measurement sensitivity on the order of 1 {micro}rad rms. Preliminary tests on a 1 m-long x-ray mirror showed system repeatability of less than 0.6 {micro}rad rms. This value is comparable to that of a …
Date: September 12, 2002
Creator: Assoufid, L.; Bray, M.; Qian, J. & Shu, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 31, No. 24, Ed. 1 Friday, April 12, 2002 (open access)

15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 31, No. 24, Ed. 1 Friday, April 12, 2002

Newspaper from Rose State College in Midwest City, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: April 12, 2002
Creator: Baldwin, Alisha
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
2001 Tax Cut: Description, Analysis, and Background (open access)

2001 Tax Cut: Description, Analysis, and Background

A major tax cut, H.R. 1836, was enacted in June 2001, but contained sunsetted provisions. The House will consider, the week of April 15, making those tax provisions permanent. This report summarizes the provisions of the bill, analyzes effects, and considers the development of the legislation.
Date: April 12, 2002
Creator: Brumbaugh, David L.; Gravelle, Jane G.; Maguire, Steven; Talley, Louis Alan & Lyke, Bob
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceleration schedules for a recirculating heavy-ion accelerator (open access)

Acceleration schedules for a recirculating heavy-ion accelerator

None
Date: August 12, 2002
Creator: Sharp, W. M. & Grote, D. P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator-based validation of shielding codes (open access)

Accelerator-based validation of shielding codes

The space radiation environment poses risks to astronaut health from a diverse set of sources, ranging from low-energy protons and electrons to highly-charged, high-energy atomic nuclei and their associated fragmentation products, including neutrons. The low-energy protons and electrons are the source of most of the radiation dose to Shuttle and ISS crews, while the more energetic particles that comprise the Galactic Cosmic Radiation (protons, He, and heavier nuclei up to Fe) will be the dominant source for crews on long-duration missions outside the earth's magnetic field. Because of this diversity of sources, a broad ground-based experimental effort is required to validate the transport and shielding calculations used to predict doses and dose-equivalents under various mission scenarios. The experimental program of the LBNL group, described here, focuses principally on measurements of charged particle and neutron production in high-energy heavy-ion fragmentation. Other aspects of the program include measurements of the shielding provided by candidate spacesuit materials against low-energy protons (particularly relevant to extra-vehicular activities in low-earth orbit), and the depth-dose relations in tissue for higher-energy protons. The heavy-ion experiments are performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory's Alternating Gradient Synchrotron and the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba in Japan. Proton experiments are performed …
Date: August 12, 2002
Creator: Zeitlin, Cary; Heilbronn, Lawrence; Miller, Jack & Wilson, John W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Achieving High Dopant Concentrations in Si: First Principles Simulations (open access)

Achieving High Dopant Concentrations in Si: First Principles Simulations

In this paper we discuss methods to obtain high dopant concentrations during processing of Si devices. The possibility of increasing the solubility of B in Si by misfit stress is investigated. The enthalpy of B atoms is calculated, with and without stress, using density functional theory. A second approach, the trapping of excess dopant atoms during deposition of Si, is also considered. For this purpose, the enthalpies of several dopant species in sites near the surface are calculated.
Date: August 12, 2002
Creator: Centoni, S A; Sadigh, B; Caturla, M J; Gilmer, G H & Diaz de la Rubia, T
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced pulse-shape analysis and implementation of gamma-ray tracking in a position-sensitive coaxial HPGe detector (open access)

Advanced pulse-shape analysis and implementation of gamma-ray tracking in a position-sensitive coaxial HPGe detector

None
Date: November 12, 2002
Creator: Kuhn, Austin L.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
AIDS in Africa (open access)

AIDS in Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa has been far more severely affected by AIDS than any other part of the world. The United Nations reports that 25.3 million adults and children are infected with the HIV virus in the region, which has about 10% of the world's population but more than 70% of the worldwide total of infected people. This report discusses this issue in detail, including the cause of the African AIDS epidemic, the social and economic consequences, response and treatment, and U.S. policy.
Date: February 12, 2002
Creator: Copson, Raymond W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Air Pollution: Emissions from Older Electricity Generating Units (open access)

Air Pollution: Emissions from Older Electricity Generating Units

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Although fossil fuels--coal, natural gas, and oil--account for more than two thirds of the nation's electricity, generating units that burn these fuels are major sources of airborne emissions that pose health and environmental risks. To limit emissions and protect air quality, the Environmental Protection Agency regulates emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from a variety of sources including electricity generating units that burn fossil fuels, other industrial sources, and automobiles. Older electricity generating units--those that began operating before 1972--emit 59 percent of the sulfur dioxide, 47 percent of the nitrogen oxides, and 42 percent of all electricity produced by fossil-fuel units. Units that began operating in or after 1972 are responsible for the remainder of the emissions and electricity production. For equal quantities of electricity generated, older units, in the aggregate, emitted twice as much sulfur dioxide and 25 percent more nitrogen oxides than newer units which must meet the new source standards for these substances. Older and newer units emitted about the same amount of carbon dioxide for equal quantities of electricity generated. Of the older units, those in the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Southeast …
Date: June 12, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 12, 2002 (open access)

The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 12, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: September 12, 2002
Creator: Lucas, Melinda L.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 28, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 12, 2002 (open access)

The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 28, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 12, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: December 12, 2002
Creator: Lucas, Melinda L.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 103, No. 297, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 103, No. 297, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 103, No. 321, Ed. 1 Tuesday, March 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 103, No. 321, Ed. 1 Tuesday, March 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 24, Ed. 1 Friday, April 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 24, Ed. 1 Friday, April 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: April 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 48, Ed. 1 Sunday, May 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 48, Ed. 1 Sunday, May 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 75, Ed. 1 Wednesday, June 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 75, Ed. 1 Wednesday, June 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 101, Ed. 1 Friday, July 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 101, Ed. 1 Friday, July 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 127, Ed. 1 Monday, August 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 127, Ed. 1 Monday, August 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 153, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 153, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: September 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 203, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 203, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 228, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 12, 2002 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 104, No. 228, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 12, 2002

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 12, 2002
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Alvin Advertiser (Alvin, Tex.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, June 12, 2002 (open access)

The Alvin Advertiser (Alvin, Tex.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, June 12, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 12, 2002
Creator: Schwind, Jim & Holton, Kathleen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Alvin Sun-Advertiser (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 37, Ed. 1 Sunday, May 12, 2002 (open access)

Alvin Sun-Advertiser (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 37, Ed. 1 Sunday, May 12, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 12, 2002
Creator: Schwind, Jim & Holton, Kathleen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 63, Ed. 1 Monday, August 12, 2002 (open access)

The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 63, Ed. 1 Monday, August 12, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 12, 2002
Creator: Schwind, Jim & Holton, Kathleen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History