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Oral History Interview with Floyd Cox, February 7, 2022 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Floyd Cox, February 7, 2022

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Floyd C. Cox. He tells of organizing a group of volunteers to establish a formal oral history program. Cox also shares the growth of the program from an unorganized collection of less than 200 oral histories in 1999 to an organized and diversified collection of over 5000 stories in 2022. He tells of the progression from analog tape recordings to digital recordings and the advancement of making the collection available to the public through an online digital archive.
Date: February 7, 2022
Creator: Cox, Floyd C.
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with James Carnes, March 28, 2022 (open access)

Oral History Interview with James Carnes, March 28, 2022

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with James Carnes. Carnes joined the Navy in 1944 before he finished high school. In the Navy, he became a signalman and was assigned to USS Norton Sound (AVM-1). Carnes was aboard when the ship went to Okinawa, where he describes being attacked by kamikaze aircraft. When the war ended, Carnes went to Japan briefly before returning to the US and receiving his discharge.
Date: March 28, 2022
Creator: Carnes, James
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Rose Dern, March 31, 2022 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Rose Dern, March 31, 2022

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Rose Dern. Dern enlisted in the WAVES and went to Madison Wisconsin to train in communications. After training, Dern was stationed close to home at Floyd Bennett Field in New York City. She then went to a communications station on Maui. Dern was discharged when the war ended.
Date: March 31, 2022
Creator: Dern, Rose
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Walter Gallagher, July 21, 2022 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Walter Gallagher, July 21, 2022

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Walter Gallagher. Gallagher joined the Navy after quitting high school and trained in aviation ordnance. In May, 1944 he was assigned to USS Franklin (CV-13) where he would arm dive bombers. Gallagher describes an injury he sustained while loading bombs as well as various enemy attacks on the Franklin, including a kamikaze. He was aboard when the Japanese bombed the Franklin in March, 1945. Gallagher recalls the attack and was ordered to transfer to USS Santa Fe (CL-60). From there, Gallagher spent six months at Hawaii before going back to the US.
Date: August 30, 2022
Creator: Gallagher, Walter
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Dean Caswell, December 8, 2021 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Dean Caswell, December 8, 2021

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Dean Caswell. Caswell volunteered for the Marine Corps two weeks prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. He eventually went to flight training before being assigned aboard USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) from which he flew Corsairs. Caswell made over 100 combat flights from Bunker Hill, eventually becoming an ace with Marine Fighter Squadron 221 (VMF-221). He shares on anecdote about getting seven enemy planes in one mission. He also shares anecdotes from throughout his long career in the Marine Corps.
Date: December 8, 2021
Creator: Caswell, Dean
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Floyd Cox, February 7, 2022 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Floyd Cox, February 7, 2022

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Floyd Cox concerning his recollections about the Great Depression and his life as a child during World War II. He recalls the family raising a victory garden and his participation in scrap iron drives. He also tells of the patriotism that existed in the United States and of being subjected to various forms of propaganda.
Date: February 7, 2022
Creator: Cox, Floyd
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Robert Warren, March 28, 2022 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Robert Warren, March 28, 2022

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Robert Warren. Warren was born in Frisco, Texas in February 1921. After graduating from high school, he attended Texas A&M participating in the ROTC program for two years. Upon graduation in 1942 he applied for a commission in the United States Army Air Forces and was accepted. After participating in various stages of flight training, he was assigned as a C-47 pilot. Flying the Northern Route over Greenland, he joined the 439th Troop Carrier Wing, 94th Squadron, 9th Air Force in England. He tells of being involved in Operation Market Garden and of crossing the Rhine, where he pulled Waco CG-4 gliders, and of the Battle of the Bulge where he hauled fuel for General Patton’s tanks.
Date: March 28, 2022
Creator: Warren, Robert
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Muriel Usselman, June 13, 2022 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Muriel Usselman, June 13, 2022

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Muriel Usselman. Usselman was a child living in Hawaii when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Her father worked as an electrician and the family lived on base. She recalls what she witnessed during the attack on 7 December as well as her experiences in the following days. She returned with her family to the Mainland in 1944.
Date: June 13, 2022
Creator: Usselman, Muriel
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Jack Hensel, July 21, 2022 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Jack Hensel, July 21, 2022

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Jack Hensel. Hensel was drafted into the Navy in June 1943. He trained as an aerial gunner and was eventually assigned to a crew aboard an Avenger. In early 1945, he went aboard USS Franklin (CV-13). In March, when the Franklin was attacked, Hensel was blown overboard and eventually made it onto a raft before being rescued by USS Hickox (DD-673). He went to a hospital at Ulithi to recover from burns before heading back to the US. He was undergoing more training when the war ended.
Date: September 1, 2022
Creator: Metzler, Ed
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Neil Elder, July 6, 2021 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Neil Elder, July 6, 2021

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Neil Elder. Elder joined the Navy in 1940. He completed Radio Communications School, and served as an Aviation Radioman. He flew scout missions in the Curtiss SOC Seagull aircraft, catapulted from USS Portland (CA-33). He participated in the battles of the Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Tulagi, Savo Island, the Eastern Solomons and Santa Cruz. Elder returned to the US and was discharged in 1946.
Date: July 6, 2021
Creator: Elder, Neil
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Richard Robinette, November 3, 2021 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Richard Robinette, November 3, 2021

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Richard Robinette. Robinette was born on 27 March 1925. He joined the Navy and completed Basic Engineering School. Beginning in early 1944, Robinette served as a Fireman aboard USS Claxton (DD-571). They aided in the invasion of the Philippines and the Battle of Leyte Gulf, where they received damage from a kamikaze plane. They provided escort duty in the Lingayen Gulf landings in January of 1945. In May, they arrived off Okinawa for duty as radar picket and fighter-director until the close of the war. Robinette returned to the US and received his discharge in late 1945.
Date: November 3, 2021
Creator: Robinette, Richard
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Norman Riggsby, March 18, 2021 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Norman Riggsby, March 18, 2021

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Norman Riggsby. Riggsby was drafted into the Army in October of 1943. He served as a bugler at Camp Van Dorn, Mississippi. In January of 1944, he was deployed to Scotland, then England, and assigned to the 29th Infantry Division, 175th Infantry Regiment. Riggsby trained on the anti-aircraft guns. He participated in the invasion of Normandy, landing at Omaha Beach. He describes the events and combat of this day, and how he got wounded. In July, Riggsby and his division participated in the Battle of St. Lô, where he was struck by a German Tiger tank shell, spending several weeks in a coma. He woke up back in England. He earned two Purple Hearts. In late 1945, Riggsby was assigned to the 759th Military Police Battalion in France. He served during the Nuremberg Trials and left Berlin in 1946.
Date: March 18, 2021
Creator: Riggsby, Norman
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Norris Jernigan, January 15, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Norris Jernigan, January 15, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Norris Jernigan. Jernigan enlisted in the Army Air Forces in June 1943. After basic training and being eliminated from flight training, Jernigan was assigned to the intelligence section of the 393rd Bomb Squadron in Nebraska before it was attached to the 509th Composite Group. He spent time in Wendover, Utah before going with the group to Tinian prior to the atomic bombs being dropped on Japan. Though he was in the intelligence section of the bomb group that dropped the atomic bomb, Jernigan had no idea about the atomic bomb until after it was dropped. He mentined those in his group referred to it as the gimmick or the gadget until they understood what it was. When the war ended, Jernigan returned to the US and was discharged in March 1946.
Date: January 15, 2020
Creator: Jernigan, Norris
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Charles Johnson, January 24, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Charles Johnson, January 24, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Charles Johnson. Johnson joined the Navy as soon as he finished high school in 1943. After training at Farragut, he was assigned to USS Colorado (BB-45). He boarded the Colorado in time for the Marshall Islands campaign and was still aboard for the Mariana Islands campaign. He was aboard when Colorado got hit by shore batteries off Tinian and kamikazes off Leyte. His duty station was in a bloier room or a powder room so he was well below decks at the time of these incidents. He was still aboard during the Okinawa campaign and the surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay. He also describes being in a typhoon. Johnson was dicharged in March, 1946 and went to work for the Rock Island Railroad. Johnson describes his experiences around his Honor Flight in May 2011.
Date: January 24, 2020
Creator: Johnson, Charles
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Kenneth Smith, January 29, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Kenneth Smith, January 29, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Kenneth Smith. Smith joined the Navy and was in boot training when the war ended. After training, he was assigned to USS Rutland (APA-192). He recalls a few anecdotes about being aboard ship, seeing part of Japan and hauling troops home after the war. Smith shares some of his Christian testimony and entered the seminary after returning to college after the war.
Date: January 29, 2020
Creator: Smith, Kenneth
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Benjamin Gruetter, February 5, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Benjamin Gruetter, February 5, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Benjamin Gruetter. Gruetter was drafted into the Army in February 1945. He suffered appendicitis during boot camp and was held back. His last day of training was the last day of the war. He was sent to Japan for occupation duty and stayed about 13 months.
Date: February 5, 2020
Creator: Gruetter, Benjamin
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Raymond Lepore, February 6, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Raymond Lepore, February 6, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Raymond Lepore. Lepore was born in Boston in 1926 and joined the Navy at 15 years of age in August 1942. After boot camp, he attended gunnery school before joining the crew of USS Bogue (CVE-9). He joined USS San Jacinto (CVL-30) commissioning crew in January 1944. Lepore spent close to 500 days aboard the ship in the combat area and shares several anecdotes about his experiences, including one about George HW Bush.
Date: February 6, 2020
Creator: Lepore, Raymond
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Arnold Holden, February 20, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Arnold Holden, February 20, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Arnold Holden. Holden joined the Navy on 30 December 1943. He served as a coxswain aboard USS Olmsted (APA-188). They transported troops and supplies in support of amphibious operations, traveling to New Guinea, Leyte and Okinawa. Additionally, they participated in the first occupational landings in Japan. He returned to the US and received his discharge in 1946.
Date: February 20, 2020
Creator: Holden, Arnold
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with William C. Smith, March 12, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with William C. Smith, March 12, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with William Smith. Smith joined the Marine Corps in April 1944. After basic training, Smith went to Sea School where he trained in 40mm antiaircraft gunnery. Upon completion, he was assigned to USS Iowa (BB-61).
Date: March 12, 2020
Creator: Smith, William C
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with James Nolan, March 30, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with James Nolan, March 30, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with James C. Nolan. Nolan joined the Navy on October 19, 1943. He completed Landing Craft School, and served as Landing Craft Coxswain, Seaman First-Class aboard the USS Pierce (APA-50). They traveled to Kwajalein, Palaus, Guadalcanal, Leyte, New Guinea, Lingayen Gulf, Subic Bay and Okinawa. Nolan made eight total landings aboard landing craft boat number 13. He recalls his combat experiences landing on Leyte on October 20, 1944 in the third wave. After the war ended, the Pierce traveled to Seoul, Korea and Japan to pick up and transfer troops back to the U.S. He received his discharge on January 26, 1946.
Date: March 30, 2020
Creator: Nolan, James
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Michael Keaveny, April 1, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Michael Keaveny, April 1, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Michael Keaveny. Keaveny joined the Navy in May 1944. After training in Virginia, Keaveny joined the crew of USS Raymon W. Herndon (APD-121) in November as a signalman. They arrived in Manila the following March where they embarked some Underwater Demolition Team 16 and took them to Okinawa. Keaveny was discharged in June 1946.
Date: April 1, 2020
Creator: Keaveny, Michael
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Roy Barrera, April 27, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Roy Barrera, April 27, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Roy Barrera. Barerra grew up in Texas during the Depression and enlisted in the Army at 17 in 1944. He was assigned to the 6th Infantry Division and shipped out with the unit to Luzon in 1945. After the war, Barerra served in occupied Korea playing in the division band. He injured one of his finger badly and had to switch to playing trumpet. He used the GI Bill to finish law school upon being discharged in December 1946.
Date: April 27, 2020
Creator: Barrera, Roy
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Jack Owen, July 23, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Jack Owen, July 23, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Jack Owen. Owen was born in Lufkin Texas in 1926. He went to Texas A&M for a year after high school then joined the Navy after turning 18 in 1944 and trained at San Diego in June. In December, he was in the commissioning crew of USS Colusa (APA-74). Owen recalls hauling wounded from Iwo Jima back to Pearl Harbor aboard the Colusa before heading for Australia to repatriate American sailors whose ships had sunk. When the war ended, Owen returned to A&M, graduated and went to work.
Date: July 23, 2020
Creator: Owen, Jack
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Clarence Griffith, July 28, 2020 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Clarence Griffith, July 28, 2020

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Clarence Griffith. Griffith was born in Granbury Texas in 1913. He worked as an electrician and volunteered for service in the Navy in 1943. He served with the Seabees in the 76th Naval Construction Battalion and went to Guam during the invasion. While there, his outfit built power stations.
Date: July 28, 2020
Creator: Griffith, Clarence
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History