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Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties (open access)

Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties

U.S. trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization agreements, and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been approved by majority vote of each house rather than by two-thirds vote of the Senate - that is, they have been treated as congressional-executive agreements rather than as treaties. The congressional-executive agreement has been the vehicle for implementing Congress's long-standing policy of seeking trade benefits for the United States through reciprocal trade negotiations. This report discusses this topic in brief.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Grimmett, Jeanne J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 2, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 2, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 45, Ed. 1 Tuesday, April 19, 2011 (open access)

North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 45, Ed. 1 Tuesday, April 19, 2011

Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: April 19, 2011
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Texas Register, Volume 36, Number 33, Pages 5141-5246, August 19, 2011 (open access)

Texas Register, Volume 36, Number 33, Pages 5141-5246, August 19, 2011

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.
Date: August 19, 2011
Creator: Texas. Secretary of State.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Federal Workforce: Characteristics and Trends (open access)

The Federal Workforce: Characteristics and Trends

This report describes the characteristics and trends of the United States federal government workforce, which many consider to reflect the gender, racial, and ethnic diversity of the country as a whole.
Date: April 19, 2011
Creator: Copeland, Curtis W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

Kuwait, which has been pivotal to nearly two decades of U.S. involvement in Iraq, has advanced its democratic development since the fall of Saddam Hussein. However, it remains mired in internal wrangling over economic issues and the political dominance of the ruling family, and it is showing signs of Sunni-Shiite tensions previously absent. This report, prepared with the assistance of Kim Klarman, will be updated.
Date: May 19, 2011
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights (open access)

Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights

Iraq's political transition from the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein to a plural polity that encompasses varying sects and ideological and political factions has been accomplished through a series of elections that began in 2005. However, disputes regarding various communities' claims on power and economic resources has contributed to popular frustration and continued political unrest. This report discusses these issues.
Date: April 19, 2011
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Oversight Manual (open access)

Congressional Oversight Manual

Throughout its history, Congress has engaged in oversight of the executive branch - the review, monitoring, and supervision of the implementation of public policy. The first several Congresses inaugurated such important oversight techniques as special investigations, reporting requirements, resolutions of inquiry, and use of the appropriations process to review executive activity. Contemporary developments, moreover, have increased the legislature's capacity and capabilities to check on and check the Executive. Public laws and congressional rules have measurably enhanced Congress's implied power under the Constitution to conduct oversight.
Date: May 19, 2011
Creator: Kaiser, Frederick M.; Oleszek, Walter J. & Tatelman, Todd B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP): Status and Issues (open access)

Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP): Status and Issues

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246, 2008 farm bill) created the Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP). This report discusses the two main purposes of BCAP, which are (1) to support the establishment and production of eligible crops for conversion to bioenergy in selected areas, and (2) to assist agricultural and forest land owners and operators with collection, harvest, storage, and transportation of eligible material for use in a biomass conversion facility.
Date: April 19, 2011
Creator: Stubbs, Megan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues (open access)

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues

This report examines debates over what constitutes an unfunded federal mandate and UMRA's implementation. It focuses on UMRA's requirement that CBO issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules. It also assesses UMRA's impact on federal mandates and arguments concerning UMRA's future, focusing on UMRA's definitions, exclusions, and exceptions which currently exempt many federal actions with potentially significant financial impacts on nonfederal entities.
Date: April 19, 2011
Creator: Dilger, Robert Jay & Beth, Richard S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas Jewish Post (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 20, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 19, 2011 (open access)

Texas Jewish Post (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 20, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 19, 2011

Weekly Jewish newspaper from Fort Worth, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: May 19, 2011
Creator: Wisch-Ray, Sharon
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 12, January 19, 2011, Pages 3011-3484 (open access)

Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 12, January 19, 2011, Pages 3011-3484

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: United States. Office of the Federal Register.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 97, May 19, 2011, Pages 28885-29142 (open access)

Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 97, May 19, 2011, Pages 28885-29142

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii.
Date: May 19, 2011
Creator: United States. Office of the Federal Register.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 75, April 19, 2011, Pages 21805-21998 (open access)

Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 75, April 19, 2011, Pages 21805-21998

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii.
Date: April 19, 2011
Creator: United States. Office of the Federal Register.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 138, July 19, 2011, Pages 42469-43110 (open access)

Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 138, July 19, 2011, Pages 42469-43110

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii.
Date: July 19, 2011
Creator: United States. Office of the Federal Register.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 161, August 19, 2011, Pages 51869-52208 (open access)

Federal Register, Volume 76, Number 161, August 19, 2011, Pages 51869-52208

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii.
Date: August 19, 2011
Creator: United States. Office of the Federal Register.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 162, No. 34, Ed. 1 Wednesday, October 19, 2011 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 162, No. 34, Ed. 1 Wednesday, October 19, 2011

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: October 19, 2011
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 161, No. 48, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 161, No. 48, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Rambler (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 1, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011 (open access)

The Rambler (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 1, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Weekly student newspaper from Texas Wesleyan University in Fort Worth, Texas that includes campus and local news along with advertising.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Banks, Shauna
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Rambler (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 20, Ed. 1 Wednesday, October 19, 2011 (open access)

The Rambler (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 20, Ed. 1 Wednesday, October 19, 2011

Weekly student newspaper from Texas Wesleyan University in Fort Worth, Texas that includes campus and local news along with advertising.
Date: October 19, 2011
Creator: Banks, Shauna
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The University News (Irving, Tex.), Vol. 36, No. 22, Ed. 1 Tuesday, April 19, 2011 (open access)

The University News (Irving, Tex.), Vol. 36, No. 22, Ed. 1 Tuesday, April 19, 2011

Weekly student newspaper from the University of Dallas in Irving, Texas that includes campus news and commentaries along with advertising.
Date: April 19, 2011
Creator: Chee, Gabbi
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 98, No. 32, Ed. 1 Wednesday, October 19, 2011 (open access)

North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 98, No. 32, Ed. 1 Wednesday, October 19, 2011

Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: October 19, 2011
Creator: Pherigo, Josh
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Contextual Metadata in Digital Aggregations: Application of Collection-Level Subject Metadata and its Role in User Interactions and Information Retrieval (open access)

Contextual Metadata in Digital Aggregations: Application of Collection-Level Subject Metadata and its Role in User Interactions and Information Retrieval

Article discussing a study of contextual metadata in digital aggregations. Results of this study prove importance of provision of collection-level metadata in general and subject metadata in particular to enhance user experiences and information retrieval in digital libraries.
Date: December 19, 2011
Creator: Zavalina, Oksana
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties (open access)

Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties

U.S. trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization agreements, and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been approved by majority vote of each house rather than by two-thirds vote of the Senate - that is, they have been treated as congressional-executive agreements rather than as treaties. The congressional-executive agreement has been the vehicle for implementing Congress's long-standing policy of seeking trade benefits for the United States through reciprocal trade negotiations. This report discusses this topic in brief.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Grimmett, Jeanne J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library