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Electric Reliability: Options for Electric Transmission Infrastructure Improvements (open access)

Electric Reliability: Options for Electric Transmission Infrastructure Improvements

The electric utility industry is inherently capital intensive. At the same time, the industry must operate under a changing and sometimes unpredictable regulatory system at both the federal and state level. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 has set in place government activities intended to relieve congestion on the transmission system. Several factors have contributed to the lack of new transmission capacity; these are outlined within this report. This report also discusses earlier pieces of energy legislation.
Date: September 20, 2006
Creator: Abel, Amy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration: Terrorist Grounds for Exclusion and Removal of Aliens (open access)

Immigration: Terrorist Grounds for Exclusion and Removal of Aliens

"This report opens with an overview of the grounds for inadmissibility and summarizes key legislation enacted in recent years" (p. i).
Date: September 5, 2006
Creator: Garcia, Michael John & Wasem, Ruth Ellen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness (open access)

Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness

Although U.S. intelligence agencies have not identified any terrorist acts targeting agricultural production (i.e., agroterrorism) in the United States to date, the events of September 11, 2001 have awakened the nation to their possibility. Some experts estimate that a single agroterrorist attack using a highly contagious livestock disease could cost between $10 billion and $30 billion to the U.S. economy. This report addresses the use of biological weapons against agriculture, rather than the threat of terrorists using agricultural inputs for other purposes. It also focuses more on agricultural production than food processing and distribution.
Date: August 25, 2006
Creator: Monke, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bolivia: Political and Economic Developments and Relations with the United States (open access)

Bolivia: Political and Economic Developments and Relations with the United States

This report includes background information on Bolivia’s political unrest, economic situation, and relations with the United States. In the past few years, Bolivia has experienced extreme political unrest resulting in the country having six presidents since 2001. Under policies of recently-elected leftist-leaning President Evo Morales, Bolivia's relations with neighboring countries, foreign investors, and the United States have been complicated. For some 20 years, U.S. interest in Bolivia has centered on its role as a coca producer and its relationship to Colombia and Peru, the two other major coca- and cocaine-producing countries in the Andes. U.S.-Bolivian relations have become tense in 2006 in the wake of the Morales government's questionable commitment to combating illegal drugs, increasing ties with Venezuela and Cuba, and the nationalization measure.
Date: August 29, 2006
Creator: Ribando, Clare
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Israel: Background and Relations with the United States (open access)

Israel: Background and Relations with the United States

None
Date: September 21, 2006
Creator: Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests (open access)

Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests

U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. President Putin's 2004 proposal to restructure the government has been supported by international observers. The U.S. Administration and Congress have welcomed some cooperation with Russia on vital U.S. national security concerns, including the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, among other issues.
Date: August 29, 2006
Creator: Nichol, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues (open access)

Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues

None
Date: September 14, 2006
Creator: Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment (open access)

Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment

This report discusses the Detainee Treatment Act (DTA), which contains provisions that (1) require Department of Defense (DOD) personnel to employ United States Army Field Manual guidelines while interrogating detainees, and (2) prohibit the “cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment of persons under the detention, custody, or control of the United States Government.” These provisions of the DTA, which were first introduced by Senator John McCain, have popularly been referred to as the “McCain amendment.” This report discusses the McCain amendment, as modified and subsequently enacted into law. This report also discusses the application of the McCain amendment by the DOD in the updated 2006 version of the Army Field Manual, particularly in light of the Supreme Court’s ruling in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld.
Date: September 20, 2006
Creator: Garcia, Michael J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment (open access)

Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment

Controversy has arisen regarding U.S. treatment of enemy combatants and terrorist suspects detained in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations, and whether such treatment complies with U.S. statutes and treaties such as the U.N. Convention Against Torture and Other Forms of Cruel and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) and the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Congress approved additional guidelines concerning the treatment of detainees via the Detainee Treatment Act (DTA), which was enacted pursuant to both the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006 (P.L. 109-148), and the National Defense Authorization Act for FY2006 (P.L. 109-163). Among other things, the DTA contains provisions that (1) require Department of Defense (DOD) personnel to employ United States Army Field Manual guidelines while interrogating detainees, and (2) prohibit the “cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment of persons under the detention, custody, or control of the United States Government.” These provisions of the DTA, which were first introduced by Senator John McCain, have popularly been referred to as the “McCain Amendment.” This report discusses the McCain Amendment, as modified and subsequently enacted into law.
Date: September 25, 2006
Creator: Garcia, Michael John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Ship Deployments: New Approaches - Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Ship Deployments: New Approaches - Background and Issues for Congress

None
Date: July 14, 2006
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

None
Date: July 5, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties (open access)

Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties

This report provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom which began on March 19, 2003, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003, plus statistics on those wounded, but not killed, since March 19, 2003.
Date: July 13, 2006
Creator: O'Bryant, JoAnne
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties (open access)

Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties

This report provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which began on March 19, 2003, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003, plus statistics on those wounded, but not killed, since March 19, 2003.
Date: September 7, 2006
Creator: O'Bryant, JoAnne
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran's Nuclear Program: Recent Developments (open access)

Iran's Nuclear Program: Recent Developments

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections since 2003 have revealed almost two decades' worth of undeclared nuclear activities in Iran, including uranium enrichment and plutonium separation efforts. The Security Council called upon Iran to take steps requested of it by the IAEA Board in February -- reinstate its suspension of enrichment and reprocessing, reconsider construction of its heavy water reactor, ratify and implement the Additional Protocol, and implement transparency measures. Iran has continued enrichment activities and failed to meet the Security Council's request.
Date: July 20, 2006
Creator: Squassoni, Sharon
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy (open access)

Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy

None
Date: July 17, 2006
Creator: Woehrel, Steven
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Embassy in Iraq (open access)

U.S. Embassy in Iraq

None
Date: June 29, 2006
Creator: Epstein, Susan B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy - Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei (open access)

China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy - Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei

In Part I, this CRS report discusses the policy on “one China” since the United States began in 1971 to reach understandings with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government in Beijing. Part II documents the evolution of the “one China” principle as articulated in key statements by Washington, Beijing, and Taipei. The U.S. policy on “one China” has evolved to cover three issues: sovereignty, peaceful resolution, and cross-strait dialogue.
Date: September 7, 2006
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Selected Procedural Safeguards in Federal, Military, and International Courts (open access)

Selected Procedural Safeguards in Federal, Military, and International Courts

None
Date: September 18, 2006
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Information Operations and Cyberwar: Capabilities and Related Policy Issues (open access)

Information Operations and Cyberwar: Capabilities and Related Policy Issues

This report describes the emerging areas of information operations in the context of U.S. national security. It assesses known U.S. capabilities and plans, and suggests related policy issues of potential interest to Congress.
Date: September 14, 2006
Creator: Wilson, Clay
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enemy Combatant Detainees: (open access)

Enemy Combatant Detainees:

In Rasul v. Bush, a divided Supreme Court declared that “a state of war is not a blank check for the president” and ruled that persons deemed “enemy combatants” have the right to challenge their detention before a judge or other “neutral decision-maker.” This report provides an overview of the CSRT procedures, summarizes court cases related to the detentions and the use of military commissions, and summarizes the Detainee Treatment Act, analyzing how it might affect detainee-related litigation in federal court.
Date: September 26, 2006
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K. & Thomas, Kenneth R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Elections, Government, and Constitution (open access)

Iraq: Elections, Government, and Constitution

This report discusses Iraqi government in the wake of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Elections in 2005 for a transitional National Assembly and government (January 30, 2005), a permanent constitution (October 15), and a permanent (four year) Council of Representatives and government (December 15) were concluded despite insurgent violence and attracted progressively increasing Sunni participation. However, escalating sectarian violence and factional infighting have delayed formation of a new government.
Date: September 11, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Sunset Commission for the Federal Government: Recent Developments (open access)

A Sunset Commission for the Federal Government: Recent Developments

The sunset concept provides for programs and agencies to terminate automatically on a periodic basis unless explicitly renewed by law. In the last ten years bills to create a federal sunset commission, modeled on the sunset review process in Texas, have been introduced in each Congress, including H.R. 3282 on July 14, 2005. President Bush called for creation of a federal sunset commission in his FY2006 budget submission. Bills reflecting an Office of Management and Budget (OMB) draft proposal have been introduced (S. 1399, H.R. 3276, H.R. 3277). Hearings have been held in the House, and on July 20, 2006, the Committee on Government Reform voted to report H.R. 3282 favorably to the House. At the same time, the committee voted to report favorably a related program review bill, H.R. 5766, as amended. Both bills are scheduled for floor action on July 27, 2006. This report will be updated as events warrant.
Date: July 21, 2006
Creator: McMurtry, Virginia A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Hurricane Katrina Relief (open access)

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Hurricane Katrina Relief

This CRS report summarizes federal disaster assistance funding legislation in the 109th Congress and presents some information on federal expenditures and obligations for disaster recovery activities.
Date: August 22, 2006
Creator: Bea, Keith
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy (open access)

U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy

None
Date: September 25, 2006
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.; Banks, Beverly & Canada, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library