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Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate 2005 Annual Report
In 1952, we began laboratory operations in the barracks building of the Naval Air Station with approximately 50 employees. Today, the Chemistry and Materials Science (CMS) Directorate is a major organization at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with more than 500 employees who continue to contribute to our evolving national security mission. For more than half a century, the mission of the Laboratory revolved primarily around nuclear deterrence and associated defense technologies. Today, Livermore supports a broad-based national security mission, and our specialized capabilities increasingly support emerging missions in human health and energy security. In the future, CMS will play a significantly expanded role in science and technology at the intersection of national security, energy and environment, and health. Our world-class workforce will provide the science and technology base for radically innovative materials to our programs and sponsors. Our 2005 Annual Report describes how our successes and breakthroughs follow a path set forward by our strategic plan and four organizing research themes, each with key scientific accomplishments by our staff and collaborators. Organized into two major sections-research themes and dynamic teams, this report focuses on achievements arising from earlier investments that address future challenges. The research presented in this annual …
Date:
August 8, 2006
Creator:
Diaz De La Rubia, T; Fluss, M J; Rath, K; Rennie, G; Shang, S & Kitrinos, G
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cryogenic Neutron Spectrometer Development
Cryogenic microcalorimeter detectors operating at temperatures around {approx}0.1 K have been developed for the last two decades, driven mostly by the need for ultra-high energy resolution (<0.1%) in X-ray astrophysics and dark matter searches [1]. The Advanced Detector Group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has developed different cryogenic detector technologies for applications ranging from X-ray astrophysics to nuclear science and non-proliferation. In particular, we have adapted cryogenic detector technologies for ultra-high energy resolution gamma-spectroscopy [2] and, more recently, fast-neutron spectroscopy [3]. Microcalorimeters are essentially ultra-sensitive thermometers that measure the energy of the radiation from the increase in temperature upon absorption. They consist of a sensitive superconducting thermometer operated at the transition between its superconducting and its normal state, where its resistance changes very rapidly with temperature such that even the minute energies deposited by single radiation quanta are sufficient to be detectable with high precision. The energy resolution of microcalorimeters is fundamentally limited by thermal fluctuations to {Delta}E{sub FWHM} {approx} 2.355 (k{sub B}T{sup 2}C{sub abs}){sup 1/2}, and thus allows an energy below 1 keV for neutron spectrometers for an operating temperature of T {approx} 0.1 K . The {Delta}E{sub FWHM} does not depend on the energy of the incident photon …
Date:
March 8, 2006
Creator:
Niedermayr, T.; Hau, I. D.; Friedrich, S.; Burger, A.; Roy, U. N. & Bell, Z. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
BlueGene/L Applications: Parallelism on a Massive Scale
BlueGene/L (BG/L), developed through a partnership between IBM and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), is currently the world's largest system both in terms of scale with 131,072 processors and absolute performance with a peak rate of 367 TFlop/s. BG/L has led the Top500 list the last four times with a Linpack rate of 280.6 TFlop/s for the full machine installed at LLNL and is expected to remain the fastest computer in the next few editions. However, the real value of a machine like BG/L derives from the scientific breakthroughs that real applications can produce by successfully using its unprecedented scale and computational power. In this paper, we describe our experiences with eight large scale applications on BG/L from several application domains, ranging from molecular dynamics to dislocation dynamics and turbulence simulations to searches in semantic graphs. We also discuss the challenges we faced when scaling these codes and present several successful optimization techniques. All applications show excellent scaling behavior, even at very large processor counts, with one code even achieving a sustained performance of more than 100 TFlop/s, clearly demonstrating the real success of the BG/L design.
Date:
September 8, 2006
Creator:
de Supinski, B. R.; Schulz, M.; Bulatov, V. V.; Cabot, W.; Chan, B.; Cook, A. W. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal Combustion Waste Management at Landfills and Surface Impoundments 1994-2004.
On May 22, 2000, as required by Congress in its 1980 Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Regulatory Determination on Wastes from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels. On the basis of information contained in its 1999 Report to Congress: Wastes from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels, the EPA concluded that coal combustion wastes (CCWs), also known as coal combustion by-products (CCBs), did not warrant regulation under Subtitle C of RCRA, and it retained the existing hazardous waste exemption for these materials under RCRA Section 3001(b)(3)(C). However, the EPA also determined that national regulations under Subtitle D of RCRA were warranted for CCWs that are disposed of in landfills or surface impoundments. The EPA made this determination in part on the basis of its findings that 'present disposal practices are such that, in 1995, these wastes were being managed in 40 percent to 70 percent of landfills and surface impoundments without reasonable controls in place, particularly in the area of groundwater monitoring; and while there have been substantive improvements in state regulatory programs, we have also identified gaps in State oversight' (EPA 2000). The 1999 Report to Congress (RTC), however, …
Date:
September 8, 2006
Creator:
Elcock, D.; Ranek, N. L. & Division, Environmental Science
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 213, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
June 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 314, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
August 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 370, Ed. 1 Friday, September 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
September 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 526, Ed. 1 Friday, December 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
December 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 212, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
June 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 528, Ed. 1 Friday, December 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
December 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 6, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
February 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 474, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
November 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 37, No. 54, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 8, 2006
Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date:
March 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Mannford Eagle (Mannford, Okla.), Vol. 24, No. 42, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 8, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Mannford, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 8, 2006
Creator:
Farley, Tim
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Mannford Eagle (Mannford, Okla.), Vol. 24, No. 46, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 8, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Mannford, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
March 8, 2006
Creator:
Farley, Tim
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 157, No. 38, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 8, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
November 8, 2006
Creator:
Whitehead, Marie
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 156, No. 51, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 8, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
February 8, 2006
Creator:
Whitehead, Marie
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 157, No. 3, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 8, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
March 8, 2006
Creator:
Whitehead, Marie
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 68, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 8, 2006
Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
February 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 84, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 8, 2006
Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
March 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Scene: North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 111, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 8, 2006
Weekly magazine edition of the daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
June 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Scene: North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 91, No. 8, Ed. 1 Friday, September 8, 2006
Weekly magazine edition of the daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
September 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 91, No. 41, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 8, 2006
Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
November 8, 2006
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Texas Jewish Post (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 60, No. 23, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 8, 2006
Weekly Jewish newspaper from Fort Worth, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
June 8, 2006
Creator:
Wisch, Rene
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History