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Investigation into environmentally friendly alternative cleaning processes for hybrid microcircuits to replace vapor degreasing with 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Final report (open access)

Investigation into environmentally friendly alternative cleaning processes for hybrid microcircuits to replace vapor degreasing with 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Final report

Two cleaning processes, one aqueous and one nonaqueous, were investigated as potential replacements for the vapor degreasing process using 1,1,1 trichloroethane (TCA) for hybrid microcircuit assemblies. The aqueous process was based upon saponification chemistry. A 10% solution of either Kester 5768 or Armakleen 2001, heated to 140 F, was sprayed on the hybrid at 450 psig and a flow rate of 5 gpm through a specially designed nozzle which created microdroplets. The nonaqueous process was based upon dissolution chemistry and used d-limonene as the solvent in an immersion and spray process. The d-limonene solvent was followed by an isopropyl alcohol spray rinse to remove the excess d-limonene. The aqueous microdroplet process was found to be successful only for solder reflow profiles that did not exceed 210 C. Furthermore, removal of component marking was a problem and the spray pressure had to be reduced to 130 psig to eliminate damage to capacitor end caps. The d-limonene cleaning was found to be successful for solder reflow temperature up to 250 C when using a four-step cleaning process. The four steps included refluxing the hybrid at 80 C, followed by soaking the hybrid in d-limonene which is heated to 80 C, followed by …
Date: February 1, 1997
Creator: Adams, B.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Turbine-generator set development for power generation (open access)

Turbine-generator set development for power generation

The goal of this effort was to design, develop, and demonstrate an integrated turbine genset suitable for the power generation requirements of a hybrid automotive propulsion system. The result of this effort would have been prototype generator hardware including controllers for testing and evaluation by Allison Engine Company. The generator would have been coupled to a suitably sized and configured gas turbine engine, which would operate on a laboratory load bank. This effort could lead to extensive knowledge and design capability in the most efficient generator design for hybrid electric vehicle power generation and potentially to commercialization of these advanced technologies. Through the use of the high-speed turbines as a power source for the hybrid-electric vehicles, a significant reduction in nitrous oxides emissions would be achieved when compared to those of conventional gas powered vehicles.
Date: April 15, 1997
Creator: Adams, D.J. & Berenyi, S.G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Power electronics and electric machinery challenges and opportunities in electric and hybrid vehicles (open access)

Power electronics and electric machinery challenges and opportunities in electric and hybrid vehicles

The development of power electronics and electric machinery presents significant challenges to the advancement of electric and hybrid vehicles. Electronic components and systems development for vehicle applications have progressed from the replacement of mechanical systems to the availability of features that can only be realized through interacting electronic controls and devices. Near-term applications of power electronics in vehicles will enable integrated powertrain controls, integrated chassis system controls, and navigation and communications systems. Future applications of optimized electric machinery will enable highly efficient and lightweight systems. This paper will explore the areas where research and development is required to ensure the continued development of power electronics and electric machines to meet the rigorous demands of automotive applications. Additionally, recent advances in automotive related power electronics and electric machinery at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will be explained. 3 refs., 5 figs.
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Adams, D.J.; Hsu, J.S.; Young, R.W. & Peng, F.Z.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Multi-group Fokker-Planck proton transport in MCNP{trademark} (open access)

Multi-group Fokker-Planck proton transport in MCNP{trademark}

MCNP has been enhanced to perform proton transport using a multigroup Fokker Planck (MGFP) algorithm with primary emphasis on proton radiography simulations. The new method solves the Fokker Planck approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation for the small angle multiple scattering portion of proton transport. Energy loss is accounted for by applying a group averaged stopping power over each transport step. Large angle scatter and non-inelastic events are treated as extinction. Comparisons with the more rigorous LAHET code show agreement to a few per cent for the total transmitted currents. The angular distributions through copper and low Z compounds show good agreement between LAHET and MGFP with the MGFP method being slightly less forward peaked and without the large angle tails apparent in the LAHET simulation. Suitability of this method for proton radiography simulations is shown for a simple problem of a hole in a copper slab. LAHET and MGFP calculations of position, angle and energy through more complex objects are presented.
Date: November 1, 1997
Creator: Adams, K.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
TWRS process engineering data management plan (open access)

TWRS process engineering data management plan

The Tank Characterization Data Management (TCDM) system provides customers and users with data and information of known and acceptable quality when they are needed, in the form they are needed, and at a reasonable cost. The TCDM mission will be accomplished by the following: (1) maintaining and managing tank characterization data and information based on business needs and objectives including transfer of ownership to future contractors; (2) capturing data where it originates and entering it only once to control data consistency, electronic data and information management shall be emphasized to the extent practicable; (3) establishing data quality standards, and managing and certifying databases and data sources against these standards to maintain the proper level of data and information quality consistent with the importance of the data and information, data obtained at high cost with significant implications to decision making regarding tank safety and/or disposal will be maintained and managed at the highest necessary levels of quality; (4) establishing and enforcing data management standards for the Tank Characterization Database (TCD) and supporting data sources including providing mechanisms for discovering and correcting data errors before they propagate; (5) emphasizing electronic data sharing with all authorized users, customers, contractors, and stakeholders to the …
Date: May 12, 1997
Creator: Adams, M. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biological Monitoring Program for East Fork Poplar Creek (open access)

Biological Monitoring Program for East Fork Poplar Creek

In May 1985, a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit was issued for the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. As a condition of the permit a Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program (BMAP) was developed to demonstrate that the effluent limitations established for the Y- 12 Plant protect the classified uses of the receiving stream (East Fork Poplar Creek; EFPC), in particular, the growth and propagation of aquatic life (Lear et al. 1989). A second objective of the BMAP is to document the ecological effects resulting from the implementation of a water pollution control program designed to eliminate direct discharges of wastewaters to EFPC and to minimize the inadvertent release of pollutants to the environment. Because of the complex nature of the discharges to EFPC and the temporal and spatial variability in the composition of the discharges, a comprehensive, integrated approach to biological monitoring was developed. A new permit was issued to the Y-12 Plant on April 28, 1995 and became effective on July 1, 1995. Biological monitoring continues to be required under the new permit. The BMAP consists of four major tasks that reflect different but complementary approaches to evaluating the effects of the Y-12 Plant discharges on the aquatic …
Date: October 24, 1997
Creator: Adams, S. M.; Ashwood, T. L.; Beaty, T. W. & Brandt, C. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biological monitoring program for East Fork Poplar Creek (open access)

Biological monitoring program for East Fork Poplar Creek

In May 1985, a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit was issued for the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. As a condition of the permit, a Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program (BMAP) was developed to demonstrate that the effluent limitations established for the Y-12 Plant protect the classified uses of the receiving stream (East Fork Poplar Creek; EFPC), in particular, the growth and propagation of aquatic life (Lear et al. 1989). A second objective of the BMAP is to document the ecological effects resulting from the implementation of a water pollution control program designed to eliminate direct discharges of wastewaters to EFPC and to minimize the inadvertent release of pollutants to the environment. Because of the complex nature of the discharges to EFPC and the temporal and spatial variability in the composition of the discharges, a comprehensive, integrated approach to biological monitoring was developed. A new permit was issued to the Y-12 Plant on April 28, 1995 and became effective on July 1, 1995. Biological monitoring continues to be required under the new permit. The BMAP consists of four major tasks that reflect different but complementary approaches to evaluating the effects of the Y-12 Plant discharges on the aquatic integrity …
Date: April 18, 1997
Creator: Adams, S. M.; Ashwood, T. L.; Beaty, T. W.; Brandt, C. C.; Christensen, S. W.; Cicerone, D. S. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Properties of energetic materials: United States Department of Energy (DOE) Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) strategic alliances (open access)

Properties of energetic materials: United States Department of Energy (DOE) Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) strategic alliances

The Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) program is designed to provide the computational resources which are required to provide a simulation based approach to the Science Based Stockpile Stewardship (SBSS) program. The capability to predict the properties of energetic materials is one of the areas of interest to the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) ASCI program. This capability will support computational assessments of the safety and reliability of systems containing explosives and other energetic materials subjected to normal and abnormal environments. Several research elements related to energetic material properties are described in more detail below. They are: (A) calculation of decomposition rates, (B) molecular potential functions, (C) physical properties and transport coefficients, (D) molecular energization mechanisms, (E) fracture/failure of energetic material crystals, (F) grain-grain and grain- binder interactions, and (G) aging effects in energetic material. These elements have in common the need to develop computational methods that have a strong foundation in basic physical principles. They will generally have to be implemented to run efficiently on advanced parallel computing platforms to achieve sufficient accuracy.
Date: January 1, 1997
Creator: Adams, Thomas F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Expedited technology demonstration project (Revised mixed waste management facility project) Project baseline revision 4.0 and FY98 plan (open access)

Expedited technology demonstration project (Revised mixed waste management facility project) Project baseline revision 4.0 and FY98 plan

The re-baseline of the Expedited Technology Demonstration Project (Revised Mixed Waste Facility Project) is designated as Project Baseline Revision 4.0. The last approved baseline was identified as Project Baseline Revision 3.0 and was issued in October 1996. Project Baseline Revision 4.0 does not depart from the formal DOE guidance followed by, and contained in, Revision 3.0. This revised baseline document describes the MSO and Final Forms testing activities that will occur during FY98, the final year of the ETD Project. The cost estimate for work during FY98 continues to be $2.OM as published in Revision 3.0. However, the funds will be all CENRTC rather than the OPEX/CENTRC split previously anticipated. LLNL has waived overhead charges on ETD Project CENRTC funds since the beginning of project activities. By requesting the $2.OM as all CENTRC a more aggressive approach to staffing and testing can be taken. Due to a cost under- run condition during FY97 procurements were made and work was accomplished, with the knowledge of DOE, in the Feed Preparation and Final Forms areas that were not in the scope of Revision 3.0. Feed preparation activities for FY98 have been expanded to include the drum opening station/enclosure previously deleted.
Date: October 1997
Creator: Adamson, M. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
MSO spent salt clean-up recovery process (open access)

MSO spent salt clean-up recovery process

An effective process has been developed to separate metals, mineral residues, and radionuclides from spent salt, a secondary waste generated by Molten Salt Oxidation (MSO). This process includes salt dissolution, pH adjustment, chemical reduction and/or sulfiding, filtration, ion exchange, and drying. The process uses dithionite to reduce soluble chromate and/or sulfiding agent to suppress solubilities of metal compounds in water. This process is capable of reducing the secondary waste to less than 5% of its original weight. It is a low temperature, aqueous process and has been demonstrated in the laboratory [1].
Date: February 1, 1997
Creator: Adamson, M. G.; Brummond, W. A.; Hipple, D. L.; Hsu, P. C.; Summers, L. J.; Von Holtz, E. H. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An advanced control system for fine coal flotation. Fifth quarterly technical progress report, October 1, 1996--December 31, 1996 (open access)

An advanced control system for fine coal flotation. Fifth quarterly technical progress report, October 1, 1996--December 31, 1996

A model-based flotation control scheme is being implemented to achieve optimal performance in the handling and treatment of fine coal. The control scheme monitors flotation performance through on- line analysis of ash content. Then, based on the economic and metallurgical performance of the circuit, variables such as reagent dosage, pulp density and pulp level are adjusted using model-base control algorithms to compensate for feed variations and other process disturbances. Recent developments in sensor technology are being applied for on-line determination of slurry ash content. During the fifth quarter of this project, all work was on hold pending the final novation of the contract to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Date: March 4, 1997
Creator: Adel, G. T. & Luttrell, G. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An advanced control system for fine coal flotation. Fourth quarterly technical progress report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996 (open access)

An advanced control system for fine coal flotation. Fourth quarterly technical progress report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996

A model-based flotation control scheme is being implemented to achieve optimal performance in the handling and treatment of fine coal. The control scheme monitors flotation performance through on-line analysis of ash content. Then, based on the economic and metallurgical performance of the circuit, variables such as reagent dosage, pulp density and pulp level are adjusted using model-based control algorithms to compensate for feed variations and other process disturbances. Recent developments in sensor technology are being applied for on-line determination of slurry ash content. During the fourth quarter of this project, a final attempt was made to calibrate a video-based ash analyzer for use in this application. It was concluded that the low ash content and the coarse particle size of the flotation tailings slurry at the Maple Meadow plant site made the video-based system unsuitable for this application. Plans are now underway to lease a nuclear-based analyzer as the primary sensor for this project.
Date: March 4, 1997
Creator: Adel, G. T. & Luttrell, G. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Advanced Control System for Fine Coal Flotation. Sixth quarter, technical progress report, July 1-September 30, 1997 (open access)

An Advanced Control System for Fine Coal Flotation. Sixth quarter, technical progress report, July 1-September 30, 1997

Over the past thirty years, process control has spread from the chemical industry into the fields of mineral and coal processing. Today, process control computers, combined with improved instrumentation, are capable of effective control in many modem flotation circuits. Unfortunately, the classical methods used in most control strategies have severe limitations when used in froth flotation. For example, the nonlinear nature of the flotation process can cause single-input, single-output lines to battle each other in attempts to achieve a given objective. Other problems experienced in classical control schemes include noisy signals from sensors and the inability to measure certain process variables. For example, factors related to ore type or water chemistry, such as liberation, froth stability, and floatability, cannot be measured by conventional means. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate an advanced control system for fine coal flotation. The demonstration is being carried out at an existing coal preparation plant by a team consisting of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI&SU) as the prime contractor and J.A. Herbst and Associates as a subcontractor. The objectives of this work are: (1) to identify through sampling, analysis, and simulation those variables which can be manipulated to maintain grades, recoveries, …
Date: October 27, 1997
Creator: Adel, G. T. & Luttrell, G. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Measurement of the holographic minimum observable beam branching ratio in the Fermilab 15-foot bubble chamber (open access)

A Measurement of the holographic minimum observable beam branching ratio in the Fermilab 15-foot bubble chamber

Holography has been used successfully in combination with conventional optics for the first time in a large cryogenic bubble chamber, the 15-Foot Bubble Chamber at Fermilab, during a physics run. The innovative system combined the reference beam with the object beam, illuminating a conical volume of {approx} 1.4 m{sup 3}. Bubble tracks from neutrino interactions with a width of {approx} 120 {micro}m have been recorded with good contrast. The ratio of intensities of the object light to the reference light striking the film is called the Beam Branching Ratio. We obtained in our experiment an exceedingly small minimum-observable ratio of (0.54 {+-} 0.21) x 10{sup -7}. The technology has the potential for a wide range of applications.
Date: January 1, 1997
Creator: Aderholz, M.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Akbari, H.; Allport, P. P.; Badyal, S. K.; Ballagh, H. C. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical inventory control program for mixed and hazardous waste facilities at SRS (open access)

Chemical inventory control program for mixed and hazardous waste facilities at SRS

Mixed Waste (MW) and Hazardous Waste (HW) are being stored at the Savannah River Site (SRS) pending onsite and/or offsite treatment and disposal. The inventory control for these wastes has recently been brought under Technical Safety Requirements (TSR) in accordance with DOE Order 5480.22. With the TSRs was the question of the degree of rigor with which the inventory is to be tracked, considering that the variety of chemicals present, or that could be present, numbers in the hundreds. This paper describes the graded approach program to track Solid Waste (SW) inventories relative to TSRs. The approach uses a ratio of the maximum anticipated chemical inventory to the permissible inventory in accordance with Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) limits for on- and off-site receptors. A specific threshold ratio can then be determined. The chemicals above this threshold ratio are to be included in the chemical inventory control program. The chemicals that fall below the threshold ratio are managed in accordance with existing practice per State and RCRA hazardous materials requirements. Additionally, the facilities are managed in accordance with process safety management principles, specifically using process hazards analyses, which provides safety assurance for even the small quantities that may be excluded …
Date: July 1, 1997
Creator: Ades, M.J. & Vincent, A.M. III
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
TORO II simulations of induction heating in ferromagnetic materials (open access)

TORO II simulations of induction heating in ferromagnetic materials

TORO II is a finite element computer program that is used in the simulation of electric and magnetic fields. This code, which was developed at Sandia National Laboratories, has been coupled with a finite element thermal code, COYOTE II, to predict temperature profiles in inductively heated parts. The development of an effective technique to account for the nonlinear behavior of the magnetic permeability in ferromagnetic parts is one of the more difficult aspects of solving induction heating problems. In the TORO II code, nonlinear, spatially varying magnetic permeability is approximated by an effective permeability on an element-by-element basis that effectively provides the same energy deposition that is produced when the true permeability is used. This approximation has been found to give an accurate estimate of the volumetric heating distribution in the part, and predicted temperature distributions have been experimentally verified using a medium carbon steel and a 10kW industrial induction heating unit. Work on the model was funded through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the Department of Energy and General Motors` Delphi Saginaw Steering Systems.
Date: September 1, 1997
Creator: Adkins, D. R.; Gartling, D. K.; Kelley, J. B. & Kahle, P. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Technical Support Section annual work plan for FY 1998 (open access)

Technical Support Section annual work plan for FY 1998

The Technical Support Section (TSS) of the Instrumentation and Controls (I and C) Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) provides technical services such as fabrication, modification, installation, calibration, operation, repair, and preventive maintenance of instruments and other related equipment. Because the activities and priorities of TSS must be adapted to the technical support needs of ORNL, the TSS Annual Work Plan is derived from, and is driven directly by, current trends in the budgets and activities of each ORNL division for which TSS provides support. Trends that will affect TSS planning during this period are reductions in the staffing levels of some R and D programs because of attrition or budget cuts. TSS does not have an annual budget to cover operating expenses incurred in providing instrument maintenance support to ORNL. Each year, TSS collects information concerning the projected funding levels of programs and facilities it supports. TSS workforce and resource projections are based on the information obtained and are weighted depending on the percentage of support provided to that division or program. Each year, TSS sets the standard hourly charge rate for the following fiscal year. The Long-Range Work Plan is based on estimates of the affects of …
Date: December 1, 1997
Creator: Adkisson, B. P.; Allison, K. L.; Effler, R. P.; Hess, R. A.; Keeble, T. A.; Odom, S. M. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
303-K Storage facility sampling and analysis plan (open access)

303-K Storage facility sampling and analysis plan

This document describes the cleanup, sampling, and analysis activities associated with the closure of the 303-K Storage Facility under the Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303-610, ``Dangerous Waste Regulations.`` this document is a supplement to the 303-K Storage Facility Closure Plan (DOE-RL 1995a) (Closure Plan). The objective of these activities is to support clean closure of the 303 K Storage Facility. This document defines the information and activities needed to meet this objective, including: constituents of concern, cleanup performance standards, cleanup activities, sampling locations and methods, field screening locations and methods, field quality control requirements, laboratory analytical methods, and data validation methodology. This document supersedes the Closure Plan if the two conflict
Date: July 1, 1997
Creator: Adler, J. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Card with a letter from Jac Alder to Don Baker] (open access)

[Card with a letter from Jac Alder to Don Baker]

A card with a letter written inside from Jac Alder to Don Baker. The letter includes a recollection of Hugh Johnson's interview with Jac Alder, published in the Dallas Voice, and references another article in the Dallas Voice about the Dallas Gay and Lesbian Alliance anniversary.
Date: June 11, 1997
Creator: Adler, Jac
Object Type: Letter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nonlinear viscoelastic response of carbon black-filled butyl rubber and implications for o-ring aging (open access)

Nonlinear viscoelastic response of carbon black-filled butyl rubber and implications for o-ring aging

Butyl rubber, unfortunately, has pronounced nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, which may be modelled by a separable KBKZ formalism. While these effects seem to have minimal impact on accelerated sealing force measurements, they do severely impact compression set tests. Therefore, a new test is suggested for evaluating field-return o-rings which is free from such confounding effects.
Date: November 1, 1997
Creator: Adolf, D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Viscosities of epoxy encapsulants (open access)

Viscosities of epoxy encapsulants

The temperature, curing, and filler dependencies of the viscosities of common epoxies used at Sandia encapsulants are presented along with examples of useful applications.
Date: November 1, 1997
Creator: Adolf, D.; Strommen, R. & Johnson, H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Correlation of the crack initiation stress with epoxy network topology (open access)

Correlation of the crack initiation stress with epoxy network topology

Much controversy surrounds the dependence of stress intensity factor of glassy thermosets, epoxies in particular, with crosslink density. One could scan the literature and find references that claim K{sub Ic} increases with crosslink density, decreases with crosslink density, or is independent of crosslink density. The authors feel that two factors contribute to this confusion. First, a typical method for assessing this dependence relies on modifying the crosslink density by changing the precursor epoxy molecular weight. On the other hand, one could change stoichiometry or quench the reaction at intermediate extents of reaction to obtain large changes in crosslink density. However, most studies have not measured the resulting stress intensity factor of these partially cured systems at constant T-T{sub g}, where T{sub g} is the glass transition temperature of the epoxy. Since T{sub g} can change significantly with cure and since fracture processes at the crack tip are dissipative, they must work at constant T-T{sub g} to ensure that the nonlinear viscoelastic mechanisms are fairly compared. In this study, they quenched the reaction of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and diethanolamine (DEA) at various stages past the gel point and measured the three-point-bend stress intensity factor at a constant …
Date: March 1, 1997
Creator: Adolf, D.; Weeks, T. & McCoy, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Beam loading compensation in the NLCTA (open access)

Beam loading compensation in the NLCTA

In the design of the Next Linear Collider (NLC), multi-bunch operation is employed to improve efficiency at the cost of substantial beam loading. The RF pulse that powers the accelerator structures will be shaped to compensate for the effect of the transient loading along the bunch train. This scheme has been implemented in the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA), a facility built to test the key accelerator technology of the NLC. In this paper the authors describe the compensation method, the techniques used to measure the energy variation along the bunch train, and results from tests with NLC-like beam currents.
Date: May 1, 1997
Creator: Adolphsen, C.; Lavine, T.; Nantista, C.; Ruth, R.; Wang, J. & Yeremian, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Corrosion of AB{sub 5} metal hydride electrodes (open access)

Corrosion of AB{sub 5} metal hydride electrodes

Metal hydride electrodes are an attractive substitute for the cadmium electrode in Cd/Ni batteries because of their relatively benign environmental impact and higher energy density. However, even though MH{sub x}/Ni batteries are currently competitive in certain applications, their full potential as cheap, reliable, energy storage devices is not yet realized: a severe penalty has been incurred in storage capacity and materials costs in order to inhibit corrosion and attain acceptable electrode cycle life. Currently there are two types of alloys which are useful as metal hydride electrodes, the AB{sub 5} and the AB{sub 2} classes of intermetallic compounds. Commercial AB{sub 5} electrodes use mischmetal, a low cost combination of rare earth elements. The B{sub 5} component remains primarily Ni but is substituted in part with Co, Mn, Al etc. The partial substitution of Ni increases thermodynamic stability of the hydride phase and corrosion resistance. Such an alloy is commonly written as MmB{sub 5} where Mm represents the mischmetal component; the B{sub 5} composition in commercial batteries is variable but electrodes consisting of MmNi{sub 3.55}Co{sub .75}Mn{sub .4}Al{sub .3} have good storage capacity and cycle life and most AB{sub 5} battery electrodes have a similar composition. The authors have been concerned with …
Date: November 1, 1997
Creator: Adzic, G. D.; Johnson, J. R.; Mukerjee, S.; McBreen, J. & Reilly, J. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library