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The determination of the specific radioactivities of the chlorophylls and carotenoids of algae after photosynthesis with C/sup 14/O/sub 2/ is a formidable task, due to the extreme lability of these compounds. The whole success of the method depends on adequate chromatographic separations of the pigments from the colorless contaminants which are closely associated with them, and yet the time involved for such separations is sufficient for marked decomposition of the pigments to occur. It is suggested that the techniques of column chromatography, followed by centrifugallyaccelerated paper chromatography of the spectroscopically pure pigments, may resolve this problem. In an investigation of the action of cyanide on photosynthesis, green algae have been treated with radioactive cyanide. A multitude of products have been found to be formed in very short exposure times. One of these was identified with a material formed when algae are given radioactive CO/sub 2/ and nonradioactive KCN. This material has been identified as the cyanide addition product of ribulose-1,5- diphosphate. Upon hydrolysis it gives a branched-chain sugar acid (or mixture of isomers) closely related to hamamelonic acid. Perhaps the most important aspect of this work is the demonstration of the chemlcal role of cyanide. (auth)

A study was conducted to determine the adequacy of silver metaphosphate glass as a dosimeter for gamma radiation coexistent with fast neutrons. The fast-neutron response in the energy region encompassing a major pcrtion of the fission spectrum was determined and a method of decreasing the photon-energy dependence was developed. The size of the dosimeter and reprcducibility of results make this system a useful addition to gamma -ray dosimetry. particularly for gamma rays coexistent with neutrons. In some experiments the greatly increased sensitivity to low-energy photons permits accurate measurement of exposure doses as small as a few hundred milliroentgens. (auth)

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Several features of the production of Na/sup 24/ and Mg/sup 28/ fragments produced in the interaction of protons and He ions with Cu, Ag, Au, and U were investigated. Formation cross sections were determined for He ions of different energies between 320 and 880 Mev and for protons of 700 Mev. Thick- target recoil experiments were performed at bombarding energies of 0.7 and 3 Bev for protons, and 880 Mev for He ions. Also given are some recoil measurements of Na/sup 24/ from Al. Analysis of data obtained with target materials heavier than Al showed that for the bombarding energies used, Na/sup 24/ and Mg/sup 28/ are probably produced by the cleavage of the target nucleus into two heavy fragmerts. One of these fragments has a mass approximately equal to the mass Na 4 or Mg/6 and the other contains most of the remaining mass of the target nucleus. However, Na/sup 24/ and Mg/sup 28/ are very probably not slowly evaporated particles nor products of a slow fission process. The experimental information covering fragmentation from photographic emulsion studies and radiochemical studies is discussed. The various mechanisms proposed are considered and a new one suggested. According to this new mechanism Na/sup …

The martensite burst transformation was studied in single crystals of iron containing 31.7% nickel. It was found that the morphology of the transformation was greatly simplified in crystals that had heen strained plastically prior to transformation. This simplification made possible detaiied crystallographic studies of the morphology of the transformation. These studies showed that the autocatalysis responsible for the burst transformation had its origin in a mechanical stimulation (coupling) between certain variants of the habit plane that were geometrically oriented such that the stress induced by transformation on one aided transformation on the others. In both strained and unstrained crystals, the most effective mechanical autocatalysis was observed to be between groups of four nearly parallel pianes whose poles clustered about common ( 110) directions. In the transformation of strained crystals, the operation of certain of these groups was favored. These were the groups whose planes were nearly perpendicular to the active slip plane, but did not include the group whose poles clustered about the Burger's vector of the active slip system. This behavior was taken to be a consequence of the anisotropic substructure introduced during deformation. Because of the enhanced transformation by certain groups in strained crystals, the frequency of secondary …

A matrix isolation technique for the investigation of infrared absorption spectra of molecules of hightemperature species trapped in a pseudo- gas phase'' is described. The spectra of the dichlorides of zinc, cadmium, and mercury in argon, krypton, and xenon matrices are reported. Presence in the gas phase of dimers of zinc chloride and mercuric chloride is noted. An absorption band, previously reported as due to the degenerate bending motion of zinc chloride, is attributed to zinc dimer. (auth)

Techniques for forming polycrystalline LiF from the melt and for fabricating test specimens were developed and evaluated using single-crystal LiF as a control. Large -grain polycrystalline specimens tested in fourpoint loading always showed some plastic deformation (0.078 to 0.798%) before fracture, but the plastic flow was sharpiy reduced from that of single crystals. An etch was developed revealing dislocations on all crystallographic faces of LiF. Details of plastic deformation in polycrystalline material were investigated. Deformation was inhomogeneous among the grains of an aggregate because of differences in orientation with respect to the applied stress, also within individual grains because of interactions between adjoining grains. Grain boundaries were barriers to slip, but stresses resulting from slip in one grain were transmitted to neighboring grains and often caused local deformation near the boundary. Because of local stresses, local slip systems operated although the resolved shear stresses on them from the applied load were below the critical yield stress. In one case, slip occurred on an (010) plane. Three-grain junctions were areas of high residual stress. Fractures originated at boundaries at or near 3-grain junctions, not as a result of inherent boundary weakness but rather because of high stresses developed at the boundary. …

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Very weak alpha branching in heavy elements was studied by a recently developed coincidence technique. This technique makes it possible to measure the energies and intensities of both alpha -particle groups and de-exciting radiation, even when the transition intensities are as low as 10/sup -8/ relative to the most intense alpha group. Twenty alpha -particle emitters from Po/sup 214/ to Fm were examined. 00+ states (beta vibrations) were observed in six even-even nuclei, and analogous states were found in three odd-mass nuclei. They are in general characterized by low alpha-decay hindrance factors and roughly equal de-excitation by electric monopole and quadrupole transitions. However, the deexcitation of these states is in disagreement with vibrational model predictions in certain cases; more important, the de-excitation and other properties of the states exhibit some irregular variations from nucleus to nucleus which are evidence for some particle character in the states. Information was also obtained about some other types of levels. A number of 1- states (octupole vibrations) were observed, and a possible 2- state was observed in U/sup 236/. A state that appears to be analogous to the 1-octupole states of even-even nuclei was observed in U/sup 235/. In Pu/sup 239/, a K = …

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A sample of 2500 {Xi}{sup -} and 500 {Xi}{sup 0} hyperons, produced in {Xi}K, {Xi}K{pi}, and {Xi}K{pi}{pi} final states by K{sup -} (in H{sub 2}) at incident momenta of 1.7 to 2.7 BeV/c, has been analyzed. The data are from an exposure (K-63) of 26 events/{mu}b in the 72-inch bubble chamber; approximately 85% of the {Xi}{sup -} events and 60% of the {Xi}{sup 0} events have been analyzed. For the {Xi}, they determine the spin and decay parameters a{sub {Xi}} and {Phi}{sub {Xi}} = tan{sup -1} ({beta}{sub {Xi}}/{Gamma}{sub {Xi}}). Combining their data with 900 {Xi}{sup -} and 150 {Xi}{sup 0} events from an earlier experiment (K-72), they obtain the following results: (1) {Xi} spin - J = 1/2 favored over J = 3/2 by {approx} 2.5 standard deviations; (2) {Xi} decay parameters (assuming a{sub {Lambda}} = 0.647 {+-} 0.048) - a{sub {Xi}{sup -}} = -0.398 {+-} 0.041, {Phi}{sub {Xi}{sup -}} = 9.8{sup o} {+-} 9.0{sup o}; a{sub {Xi}{sup 0}} = -0.413 {+-} 0.104. They observe {Xi}*(1530) and {Xi}*(1817); their data are insufficient for analysis of suggested {Xi}* resonances at 1705 and 1933 MeV. They measure the {Xi}*(1530) electromagnetic mass difference {Delta}m = m({Xi}*{sup -}) = m({Xi}*{sup 0}) = 2.0 {+-} …

The nuclear radiations of nuclides: U{sup 233}, Pu{sup 239}, Bk{sup 243}, Bk{sup 244}, Bk{sup 245}, Bk{sup 246}, Bk{sup 249}, Cf{sup 249}, and Fm{sup 255} were investigated with high-resolution spectrometers. The {alpha}-particle spectra of all nuclides except Bk{sup 249} were measured with 6 mm diameter surface-barrier detectors. Bk{sup 249} {alpha}-particles were analyzed with a double-focusing magnetic spectrograph. The {gamma}-singles were examined with the recently developed Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors coupled with very-low noise 'internal FET' preamplifiers. Weak alpha groups were observed in coincidence with {gamma}-rays, detected with a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. To improve the over-all coincidence efficiency a new coincidence apparatus was designed and built. This instrument consisted of a cooled 4.5 cm diameter semiconductor detector for {alpha}-particle detection and a 3 cm diameter by 2.7 cm long Ge(Li) detector for {gamma}-ray analysis. The Ge(Li) detector could also be replaced with a NaI(Tl) detector. Cf{sup 249} conversion electrons were measured with a cooled Si(Li) detector coupled with an internal FET preamplifier. On the basis of the present work and previous information, energy-level diagrams of the daughter nuclei have been constructed. The levels have been grouped into rotational bands built on Nilsson single-particle states. Because of identification of several rotational members of …

This report is about the Classical Dynamics of Triatomic Systems which is divided into three parts.

The wave like pattern, observed in dislocation dipoles of uniform spacing during annealing, which starts from the ends of the dipole and gets damped toward the centre, has been attributed to controlled vacancy migration. A theory has been set-up to give activation energy for the process, 60,700 + 2,000 cal/mole. This value has been compared with an independent study of pipe diffusion, in which a prismatic loop inside the foil is connect to both surfaces of the foil by screw dislocation.

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A computer model for simulation of the image contrast caused by Frank dislocation loops in field ion tips of fcc materials is presented. The model is based on the shell model for ion image simulation, whereas the displacement field of Frank loops is computed from the exact displacement equation for a closed dislocation loop in an isotropically elastic continuum. A method for taking surface effects into account by superposition of the displacement field of an image loop is introduced. The results indicate that Frank loops will cause image contrast while wholly beneath the surface of the tip, and that vacancy and interstitial loops will cause qualitatively different contrast. The effect of surface relaxation, while quantitatively substantial, does not qualitatively alter these results. Special emphasis is placed on small loops, with respect to which existing contrast theory is inadequate. Some micrographs of ion bombarded iridium tips are presented. These micrographs display contrast effects in excellent agreement with computer plots of interstitial loop contrast.

Thesis. An investigation was conducted to develop high-temperature 1Ta-- 6Cr, 1Ta--7Cr, and 1Ta-7Cr--0.5 Mo alloys using a dispersion of the Laves phase in a noncarbon-containing, body-centeredcubic iron matrix. An understanding and application of basic principles of materials science and the use of large amounts of information available in the literature were instrumental in the development of Fe-- Ta-- Cr alloys of the investigation. The phase transformations that occurred in the alloys, and the resulting microstructures were studied. The relations between mechanical properties and structure were also examined. Short- time tensile mechanical properties and long-time creep and stress-rupture tests were conducted on the alloys in which microstructural features were varied by changes in the heat-treating procedure. The mechanical properties were compared with those of several commercially available steels. An examination of substructure and precipitate distribution of the alloys before and after creep tests, the determination of apparent activation energy for creep, and an estimation of the stress sensitivity of steady-state creep rates were carried out in order to investigate the mechanism of creep in dispersion-hardened ferritic alloys. Fracture surface morphology was examined after specimens were tested in short-time tension and in creep. (JRD)

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