This article discusses the effect of solvent polarity on the fluorescence emission fine structures of coronene derivatives.

Article about the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science, giving an overview of its creation, how the students pay tuition, the admissions process, and the success of the first class.

Article discussing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solute probes and the effect of solvent polarity on the fluorescence emission fine structures of coronene derivatives.

This paper describes the theory of operation, design, construction, calibration and installation of a microwave coaxial resonator system for measuring the partial pressure of water vapor in air at temperatures up to 350{degree}C. This is a relevant measurement for characterizing the unsaturated zone because the partial pressure of water vapor in the air in equilibrium with a rock mass is related to the capillary pressure of the rock. Microwave resonators can operate at high temperatures and, therefore, are the subject of this discussion. 7 refs., 8 figs.

Types 304L and 316L stainless steel (SS), Incoloy 825, Cu, Cu-30%Ni, and Cu-7%Al have been selected as candidate materials for the containment of high-level nuclear waste at the proposed Yucca Mountain Site in Nevada. The susceptibility of these materials to stress corrosion cracking has been investigated by slow-strain-rate tests (SSRTs) in water which simulates that from well J-13 (J-13 water) and is representative of the groundwater present at the Yucca Mountain site. The SSRTs were performed on specimens exposed to simulated J-13 water at 93{degree}C and at a strain rate 10{sup {minus}7} s{sup {minus}1} under crevice conditions and at a strain rate of 10{sup {minus}8} s{sup {minus}1} under both crevice and noncrevice conditions. All the tests were interrupted after nominal elongation strains of 1--4%. Examination by scanning electron microscopy showed some crack initiation in virtually all specimens. Optical microscopy of metallographically prepared transverse sections of Type 304L SS suggests that the crack depths are small (<10 {mu}m). Preliminary results suggest that a lower strain rate increases the severity of cracking of Types 304L and 316L SS, Incoloy 825, and Cu but has virtually no effect on Cu-30%Ni and Cu-7%Al. Differences in susceptibility to cracking were evaluated in terms of a …

This paper addresses statistical characteristics for the simplest case of grain boundary/grain volume oxidation kinetics of UO{sub 2} to U{sub 3}O{sub 7} for a fragment of a spent fuel pellet. It also presents a limited discussion of future extensions to this simple case to represent the more complex cases of oxidation kinetics in spent fuels. 17 refs., 1 fig.

An experiment was conducted in G Tunnel at the Nevada Test Site to evaluate high frequency electromagnetic tomography as a candidate for in situ monitoring of hydrology in the near field of a heater placed in densely welded tuff. Tomographs of 200 MHz electromagnetic permittivity were made for several planes between boreholes. Data were taken before the heater was turned on, during heating and during cooldown of the rockmass. This data is interpreted to yield maps of changes in water content of the rockmass as a function of time. This interpretation is based on laboratory measurement of electromagnetic permittivity as a function of water content for densely welded tuff. 8 refs., 6 figs.

For the past several years LBL has been carrying out experiments at various fractured rock sites to determine the fundamental nature of the propagation of seismic waves in fractured media. These experiments have been utilizing high frequency (1000 to 10000 Hz.) signals in a cross-hole configuration at scales of several tens of meters. Three component sources and receivers are used to map fracture density, and orientation. The goal of the experiments has been to relate the seismological parameters to the hydrological parameters, if possible, in order to provide a more accurate description of a starting model for hydrological characterization. The work is ultimately aimed at the characterization and monitoring of the Yucca Mountain site for the storage of nuclear waste. In addition to these controlled experiments multicomponent VSP work has been carried out at several sites to determine fracture characteristics. The results to date indicate that both P-wave and S-wave can be used to map the location of fractures. In addition, fractures that are open and conductive are much more visible to seismic waves that non-conductive fractures. The results of these tests indicate direct use in an unsaturated environment. 12 refs., 10 figs.

A geochemical software package which models static, single-path kinetic water-rock interactions, EQ3/6 has been modified to incorporate successive-paths and stationary states under high Peclet number transport conditions in a Lagrangian reference frame. These modifications permit calculation of reactive transport with reasonable computational requirements. Results from the new option in EQ3/6 have been compared with analytical results for the simple HCl{endash}SiO{sub 2} system; excellent agreements were achieved. Results have also been compared with published results for a portion of the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}{endash}HCl{endash}K{sub 2}O{endash}SiO{sub 2} system. The results are in good qualitative and, in some cases, good quantitative agreement. However, the values of some variables differ substantially; these differences can be attributed to use of a different set of Al and Si aqueous species. 16 refs., 12 figs., 3 tabs.

Prior to contact by liquid water and subsequent leaching, high-level nuclear waste glass subject to disposal in the unsaturated environment at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, will be altered through contact with humid air. Conditions could range from temperatures as high as 200{degree}C to ambient repository temperature after cooling and relative humidities up to 100% depending on the air flow and heat transport dynamics of the waste package and near field environments. However, under any potential set of temperature/humidity conditions, the glass will undergo alteration via well-established vapor phase hydration processes. In the present paper, the results of a set of parametric experiments are described, whereby vapor phase hydrated glasses were subjected to leaching under static conditions. The purpose of the experiments was to (1) compare the leaching of vapor phase altered glass to that of fresh glass, (2) to develop techniques for determining the radionuclide content of secondary phases that formed during the hydration reaction, and (3) to provide a basis for performing long-term saturated and unsaturated testing of vapor hydrated glass. 3 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

This paper presents a conceptual and numerical model of multiphase flow in fractures. The void space of real rough-walled rock fractures is conceptualized as a two-dimensional heterogeneous porous medium, characterized by aperture as a function of position in the fracture plane. Portions of a fracture are occupied by wetting and nonwetting phase, respectively, according to local capillary pressure and accessibility criteria. Phase occupancy and permeability are derived by assuming a parallel-plate approximation for suitably small subregions in the fracture plane. For log-normal aperture distributions, a simple approximation to fracture capillary pressure is obtained in closed form; it is found to resemble the typical shape of Leverett's j-function. Wetting and non-wetting phase relative permeabilities are calculated by numerically simulating single phase flows separately in the wetted and non-wetted pore spaces. Illustrative examples indicate that relative permeabilities depend sensitively on the nature and range of spatial correlation between apertures. It is also observed that interference between fluid phases flowing in a fracture tends to be strong, with the sum of wetting and nonwetting phase relative permeabilities being considerably less than 1 at intermediate saturations.

Vibrationally-resolved HeI (584{angstrom}) photoelectron spectra of the heavy group IV-VI diatomics SnSe, SnTe, PbSe, and PbTe were obtained with a new high temperature molecular beam source. Ionization potentials and spectroscopic constants are reported for all the ionic states observed. Relativistic complete active space MCSCF followed by multireference singles + doubles relativistic CI calculations which included up to 200,000 configurations were made on both the neutral diatomics and their positive ions. Ionization potentials and spectroscopic constants were calculated and were in good agreement with the experimentally-measured values. Relativistic CI potential energy curves were calculated for all the neutral ground states and the ionic states involved. Relativistic effects were shown to play an important role in these heavy diatomics. The {sup 2}{Sigma}{sub 1/2}{sup +} and {sup 2}{Pi}{sub 1/2} states for all four molecular ions showed avoided curve crossings, which resulted in pronounced shoulders in the {Omega} = 1/2 potential energy curves of PbTe{sup +}. Experimentally, autoionization transitions were also observed for the PbTe{sup +} spectrum. The importance of the relativistic effect and chemical bonding in the heavy diatomics are discussed.

The Time Warp Operating System (TWOS) has been the focus of much research in parallel simulation. A new language, called ModSim, has been developed for use in conjunction with TWOS. The coupling of ModSim and TWOS provides a tool to construct large, complex simulation models that will run on several parallel and distributed computer systems. As part of the Griffin Project'' underway here at Los Alamos National Laboratory, there is strong interest in assessing the coupling of ModSim and TWOS from an application-oriented perspective. To this end, a key component of the Eagle combat simulation has been implemented in ModSim for execution on TWOS. In this paper brief overviews of ModSim and TWOS will be presented. Finally, the compatibility of the computational models presented by the language and the operating system will be examined in light of experience gained to date. 18 refs., 4 figs.

This paper summarizes some of the previous and recent work at the University of California on analytical solutions for predicting contaminate transport in porous and fractured geologic media. Emphasis is given here to the theories for predicting near-field transport, needed to derive the time-dependent source term for predicting far-field transport and overall repository performance. New theories summarized include solubility-limited release rate with flow backfill in rock, near-field transport of radioactive decay chains, interactive transport of colloid and solute, transport of carbon-14 as carbon dioxide in unsaturated rock, and flow of gases out of and a waste container through cracks and penetrations. 28 refs., 4 figs.

This draft report was prepared as required by Task No. 2 of the US Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG07-89ID12850 Reverse Trade Mission to Acquaint International Representatives with US Power Plant and Drilling Technology'' (mission). As described in the grant proposal, this report covers the reactions of attendees toward US technology, its possible use in their countries, and an evaluation of the mission by the staff leaders. Note this is the draft report of one of two missions carried out under the same contract number. Because of the diversity of the mission subjects and the different attendees at each, a separate report for each mission has been prepared. This draft report has been sent to all mission attendees, specific persons in the US Department of Energy and Los Alamos National Lab., the California Energy Commission (CEC), and various other governmental agencies.

The Soudan 2 nucleon decay detector has recorded data since Summer 1988 using a quarter (dimensions 4 m by 8 m by 5 m high) of the eventual detector. This iron-argon time projection chamber records extensive data on each event and has excellent angular and multi-track resolution. We describe the trigger, the event analysis procedure and the current status of the detector and the underground muon data sample. 1 ref.

We report on 3.2 years live time of underground muon observations taken between 1981 and 1989 using the Soudan 1 proportional tube detector, located at a depth of 1800 m water equivalent. The post-1984 observations are consistent with our earlier data on an excess signal apparently correlated with the Cygnus X-3 orbital period. The signal-to-background ratio in the entire data sample is 1 to 3 percent, depending on phase width. 10 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

This draft report was prepared as required by Task No. 2 of the US Department of Energy, Grant No. FG07-89ID12850 Reverse Trade Mission to Acquaint International Representatives with US Power Plant and Drilling Technology'' (mission). As described in the grant proposal, this report covers the reactions of attendees toward US technology, its possible use in their countries, and an evaluation of the mission by the staff leaders. Note this is the draft report of one of two missions carried out under the same contract number. Because of the diversity of the mission subjects and the different attendees at each, a separate report for each mission has been prepared. This draft report has been sent to all mission attendees, specific persons in the US Department of Energy and Los Alamos National Lab., the California Energy Commission (CEC), and various other governmental agencies.

Constant extension rate tests (CERT) were run on ten irradiated specimens in continuation of a study of environmental effects on intergranular stress corrosion cracking of type 304 stainless steel. Specimens of both furnace sensitized and annealed material were irradiated to fluences of 1 to 2 {times} 10{sup 21} neutrons (E {ge} 0.1 Mev) per square centimeter at a temperature of {approximately}150{degree}C in a reflector position of the High Flux Isoptope Reactor at ORNL. CERT test conditions duplicated conditions for testing of non-irradiated specimens. The time-to-failure for the sensitized and irradiated specimens showed the same pattern of dependence on test variables as the non-irradiated specimens in an associated study. The annealed and irradiated specimens showed no evidence of irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking.

This paper describes methods for calculating the equation of state of partially-ionized dense plasmas. The term dense plasma is used rather than strongly coupled plasma, since it is possible that at plasma conditions such that only a few levels can be observed spectroscopically the plasma coupling parameters are not large. Due mainly to their importance in theoretical astrophysics, the properties of partially ionized plasmas have been of interest for a long while. More recently, this interest has intensified due to the development of methods for producing partially ionized plasmas in the laboratory. This has opened up large programs of experimental investigation and of practical application. In this paper we consider detailed statistical mechanical methods that explicitly treat the distribution over ionic species and their energy level structure. These detailed approaches are generally characterized as being in the chemical picture'' when a free energy expression is minimized or in the physical picture'' when the starting point is the grand canonical ensemble. 52 refs., 2 tabs.

The power system is a major component of a space system's size, mass, technical complexity, and hence, cost. To date, space systems include the energy source as an integral part of the mission satellite. Potentially significant benefit could be realized by separating the energy source from the end-use system and transmitting the power via an energy beam (power beaming) (Coomes et al., 1989). This concept parallels the terrestrial central generating station and transmission grid. In this summary, the system components required for power beaming implementation are outlined and applied to a satellite for power beaming implementation are outlined and applied to a satellite constellation to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing power beaming in the next 20 years. 5 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.

This paper describes some general techniques available for symplectic or Lie-Poisson integration and illustrate the results with some numerical computations. In this spirit, I also discuss reversible integration, equivariant integration, integration of volume preserving flows, and symplectic cellular automata. My intention is not to be exhaustive but to give a representative review. 76 refs., 5 figs.

A computer-controlled furnace system in the Alpha-Gamma Hot Cell Facility (ACHCF) at the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois is being used to investigate the behavior of irradiated fuel materials under a variety of thermal conditions. The Fuel Behavior Test Apparatus (FBTA) is capable of accurate specimen temperature control over extended periods at temperatures up to {approximately}1000{degree}C, with short-term capability up to 1600{degree}C. The principal current use of the FBTA is to study the compatibility between irradiated metal fuels and stainless steel claddings at elevated temperatures to support the fuel development for the Integral Fast Reactor. Other types of experiments, such as investigating fission-gas release characteristics, fuel dimensional stability, and fuel motion, are also possible with this apparatus. The system performance has been excellent and over seventy tests have been conducted over a two-year period.

The crystal structure of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} strongly suggests that the diffusion of oxygen in this material will be highly anisotropic, with diffusion in the ab plane being much faster than diffusion parallel to the c axis, and this has been assumed in most analyses of diffusion in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}}. The present data confirm this hypothesis; the diffusion coefficient in the ab plane is several orders of magnitude greater than the diffusion coefficient along the c axis. Some interesting artifacts of the measurement, due to this strong anisotropy, are also revealed. Oxygen exchange in polycrystalline samples of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} is discussed in terms of these results. 15 refs., 9 figs.