Any repository suitable for the disposal of radioactive waste comprises a combination of various man-made and natural barriers which aim to prevent transfer of the radionuclides from the canister to the external environment. Our group has developed the techniques needed to model the equilibrium chemistry of complex multicomponent rock/water systems over a range of ionic strengths and temperatures. These models, show remarkable agreement with field measurements when applied to natural systems. They have been applied successfully to interpret a variety of geochemical processes: studies of ancient and modern marine evaporite systems, studies of the solar evaporation of seawater studies of mineral formation in lakes and in fluid inclusions. At present our models are limited to the components of the seawater system (Na{sup +}, Mg{sup 2+}, Ca{sup 2+}, H{sup +}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}, HCO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}, CO{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}}, CO{sub 2}), together with the borate species and SiO{sub 2}. 2 tabs.

Three experiments are proposed as tests to validate the DEWFALL analysis model for the large vessel project. This document is a very brief record of the techniques and test designs that could be used for validation of the model. Processes of the model which require validation include: (1) vaporization and recondensation of the vessel wall material due to energy transfer from the source, (2) melt and refreeze of vessel wall material, and (3) condensation and solidification of the source material. A methodology was developed to analyze the maximum thickness of material melted and vaporized with given experimental configurations and initial energies. DEWFALL reference calculations are included in an appendix to the document. 2 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

Annual report of the Edwards Underground Water District describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during fiscal year 1989.

The purpose of this report is to provide the user with sufficient information to run the programs FMG, RENUM, LINEL, and ELLFMG. A previous report explained the theory and the design of these programs, so that by using the two reports, a thorough understanding of the codes is possible. This report should familiarize the user with program options and modes of operation, input variables, input and output files. Information not strictly needed to run the programs, but useful in understanding their internal structure is provided in appendices. The appendices cover program variables and arrays, subroutine outlines, a short description of each subroutine, and finally listings of codes. The additional information on FMG, RENUM, LINEL, and ELLFMG is in Appendices A, C, E, G respectively, and the listings are in Appendices B, D, F, and H.

The paper describes the design and the structural and mass analysis of a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) for powering the MARS Rover vehicle, which is a critical element of the unmanned Mars Rover and Sample Return mission (MRSR). The RTG design study was conducted by Fairchild Space Company for the U.S. Department of Energy, in support of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's MRSR project.; The paper briefly describes a reference mission scenario, an illustrative Rover design and activity pattern on Mars, and its power system requirements and environmental constraints, including the RTG cooling requirements during transit to Mars. It identifies the key RTG design problem, i.e. venting the helium generated by the fuel's alpha decay without intrusion of the Martian atmosphere into the RTG, and proposes a design approach for solving that problem.; Using that approach, it describes a very conservative baseline RTG design. The design is based on the proven and safety-qualified General Purpose Heat Source module, and employs standard thermoelectric unicouples whose reliability and performance stability has been extensively demonstrated on previous space missions. The heat source of the 250-watt RTG consists of a stack of 18 separate modules that is supported at its ends but not along its …

The purpose of the Environmental Compliance Assessment Program is to assess the compliance of Formerly Utilized Site Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) sites with applicable environmental regulations and Department of Energy (DOE) Orders. The mission is to identify, assess, and decontaminate sites utilized during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s to process and store uranium and thorium ores in support of the Manhattan Engineer District and the Atomic Energy Commission. To conduct the FUSRAP environmental compliance assessment, checklists were developed that outline audit procedures to determine the compliance status of the site. The checklists are divided in four groups to correspond to these regulatory areas: Hazardous Waste Management, PCB Management, Air Emissions, and Water Discharges.

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is currently evaluating hazardous waste treatment and environmental remediation technologies in existence and under development to determine applicability to remediation needs of the DOE facilities under the Albuquerque Operations Office and to determine areas of research need. To assist LANL is this effort, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) conducted an assessment of technologies and monitoring methods that have been demonstrated or are under development. The focus of this assessment is to: (1) identify existing technologies for hazardous waste treatment and environmental remediation of old waste sites; (2) identify technologies under development and the status of the technology; (3) assess new technologies that need development to provide adequate hazardous waste treatment and remedial action technologies for DOD and DOE sites; and (4) identify hazardous waste and remediation problems for environmental research and development. There are currently numerous research and development activities underway nationwide relating to environmental contaminants and the remediation of waste sites. To perform this effort, SAIC evaluated current technologies and monitoring methods development programs in EPA, DOD, and DOE, as these are the primary agencies through which developmental methods are being demonstrated. This report presents this evaluation and provides recommendations as to pertinent research …

The objective of this task was to assess the need for core non-nuclear instrumentation. The focus of this study was the evaluation of core investment risk events. Three categories of events were considered: (1) unanticipated primary loop flow leakages and core bypass flows, (2) core coolant channel flow blockages and (3) off-design core power distributions. The measurements that were considered include column average coolant exit temperatures, core average coolant exit temperature, core pressure drop and core flow rate. The findings are summarized. 3 refs., 7 figs.

The feasibility of the Hg Intrusion QC method for measuring SiC coating defects for the MHTGR was conducted as a potential improvement for the Burn/Leach (B/L) QC method currently used. The purpose for evaluating the Hg Intrusion QC method as an alternative method was to determine if B/L QC method underestimated SiC coating defects. Some evidence in work conducted earlier, indicated that TRISO-coated fuel particles with low SiC coating defects measured by the B/L QC method showed higher releases of metallic fission products. These data indicated that the SiC coating defect fractions were higher than the B/L measured data indicated. Sample sizes used in the current study were too small to conclusively demonstrate that the B/L QC method under estimate SiC coating defects. However, observations made during this study indicated a need for an additional QC method to the B/L QC method to measure SiC coating defects for the higher quality MHTGR fuels. The B/L QC method is the best method for measuring SiC coating defects with missing SiC layers or broken SiC coatings (gross SiC defects). However, SiC coating defects with microcracks and other SiC defects not detected by the B/L method may contribute to the release of metallic …

As part of the radionuclide methods verification program at GA, a fuel performance analysis of the Fort St. Vrain (FSV) core was performed using the reference fuel performance and fission gas release models. The purpose of the analysis was to predict the fuel and graphite temperature distributions, fuel particle failure, and fission gas release as a function of time, and to compare the predicted fission gas release with data taken as part of the FSV radiochemistry surveillance program. The analysis covered the entire operating time of the FSV plant except for the last 18 days prior to the final shutdown because the operating parameters and data for this period were not available when the analysis was performed. 3 refs., 29 figs., 5 tabs.

This document describes the structural criteria for the design of the replaceable graphite elements of the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) core.

The paper describes the thermal, thermoelectric and electrical analysis of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) for powering the MARS Rover vehicle, which is a critical element of the unmanned Mars Rover and Sample Return mission (MRSR). The work described was part of an RTG design study conducted by Fairchild Space Company for the U.S. Department of Energy, in support of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's MRSR Project.; A companion paper presented at this conference described a reference mission scenario, al illustrative Rover design and activity pattern on Mars, its power system requirements and environmental constraints, a design approach enabling RTG operation in the Martian atmosphere, and the design and the structural and mass analysis of a conservative baseline RTG employing safety-qualified heat source modules and reliability-proven thermoelectric converter elements.; The present paper presents a detailed description of the baseline RTG's thermal, thermoelectric, and electrical analysis. It examines the effect of different operating conditions (beginning versus end of mission, water-cooled versus radiation-cooled, summer day versus winter night) on the RTG's performance. Finally, the paper describes and analyzes a number of alternative RTG designs, to determine the effect of different power levels (250W versus 125W), different thermoelectric element designs (standard versus short unicouples versus …

This is the final report on this project. Applied Computing Systems, Inc., started work on the computer codes for visualization of X-3 scientific data on the Silicon Graphics 4D70/GT workstation on May 18, 1989. There were two separate codes, a 2-D and a 3-D version, that had been developed by X-3 over approximately the previous six months. Work was performed under three successive tasking orders, and the specific accomplishments are summarized as excerpts from the monthly reports that had been submitted while the work was being performed. Installing the video equipment was listed as a subtask in each of the three task orders. However, the video equipment did not arrive until the start of task 3, so that work was delayed until the very end.

A provisional report drawn up by the University of North Texas to describe the goals for a capital campaign / fundraising effort. The report goes into detailed expectations of funding and monetary acquisition from companies and foundations to support programs currently being worked on at UNT.

The objective of this project is to evaluate and demonstrate a cost effective emission control technology for acid rain precursors, oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) and sulfur (SO{sub x}), on three coal fired utility boilers in Illinois. The units selected are representative of pre-NSPS design practices: tangential, wall, and cyclone fired. The specific objectives are to demonstrate reductions of 60 percent in NO{sub x} and 50 percent in SO{sub x} emissions, by a combination of two developed technologies, gas reburning (GR) and sorbent injection (SI). With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the primary combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO{sub x} is converted to N{sub 2}. The combustion process is completed by overfire air addition. SO{sub x} emissions are reduced by injecting dry sorbents (usually calcium based) into the upper furnace. The sorbents trap SO{sub x} as solid sulfates that are collected in the particulate control device.

The objective of this project is to evaluate and demonstrate a cost effective emission control technology for acid rain precursors, oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) and sulfur (SO{sub x}), on three coal fired utility boilers in Illinois. The units selected are representative of pre-NSPS design practices: tangential, wall, and cyclone fired. The specific objectives are to demonstrate reductions of 60 percent in NO{sub x} and 50 percent in SO{sub x} emissions, by a combination of two developed technologies, gas reburning (GR) and sorbent injection (SI). With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the primary combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO{sub x} is converted to N{sub 2}. The combustion process is completed by overfire air addition. SO{sub x} emissions are reduced by injecting dry sorbents (usually calcium based) into the upper furnace. The sorbents trap SO{sub x} as solid sulfates that are collected in the particulate control device.

This technical memorandum contains text provided to the SSC for their use in the Supplementary Conceptual Design Report. It was written as part of a Fermilab effort under the guidance of Ray Stefanski of the Fermilab Research Division. This particular memorandum considers the cryogenic systems required to support the superconducting magnets and liquid argon calorimeters associated with SSC detectors.

A provisional report drawn up by the University of North Texas to describe the goals for a capital campaign / fundraising effort. The report goes into detailed expectations of funding and monetary acquisition from companies and foundations to support programs currently being worked on at UNT.

This document reviews the geothermal history, technology, costs, and Pacific Northwest potentials. The report discusses geothermal generation, geothermal resources in the Pacific Northwest, cost and operating characteristics of geothermal power plants, environmental effects of geothermal generation, and prospects for development in the Pacific Northwest. This report was prepared expressly for use by the Northwest Power Planning Council. The report contains numerous references at the end of the document. [DJE-2005]

We report here the low emittance beam transport line for laser acceleration experiments at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). In order to preserve the low emittance ({approximately} 10{sup -10} m-rad) 50 MeV electron beam, great care has to be paid to the higher-order effects. The low-emittance transport line consists of two parts; the first part performs and emittance selection, and the other part provides the possibility of energy selection and beam transport to the experimental area. 7 refs., 5 figs., 7 tabs.

We report the design and status of an FEL experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility. A 50 MeV high brightness electron beam will be utilized for an oscillator experiment in the visible wavelength region. The microwiggler to be used is a superferric planar undulator with a 0.88 cm period, 60 cm length and K = 0.35. The optical cavity is a 368 cm long stable resonator with broadband dielectric coated mirrors. 8 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.

Interactive Beam-Circuit (IBC) is a one-dimensional many particle simulation code which has been developed to run interactively on a PC or Workstation, and displaying most of the important physics of a traveling-wave-tube. The code is a substantial departure from previous efforts, since it follows all of the particles in the tube, rather than just those in one wavelength, as commonly done. This step allows for nonperiodic inputs in time, a nonuniform line and a large set of spatial diagnostics. The primary aim is to complement a microwave tube lecture course, although past experience has shown that such codes readily become research tools. Simple finite difference methods are used to model the fields of the coupled slow-wave transmission line. The coupling between the beam and the transmission line is based upon the finite difference equations of Brillouin. The space-charge effects are included, in a manner similar to that used by Hess; the original part is use of particle-in-cell techniques to model the space-charge fields. 11 refs., 11 figs.

An Asdex-type local divertor is proposed for ITER consisting of a copper poloidal field coil adjacent to the plasma. Estimates indicate that the power consumption is acceptable. Advantages would be a much reduced heat load not very sensitive to magnetic perturbations. A disadvantage is the finite lifetime under neutron bombardment that would require periodic replacement of the divertor coils in a reactor, but probably not in ITER because of its limited fluence. Another disadvantage would be poorer blanket coverage unless the divertor coil itself incorporates breeding material. 3 figs.

This report contains the results of studies conducted at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) concerning the applicability of the Kalina technology to geothermal (hydrothermal) power production. This report represents a correction and addition to that report. The Heat Cycle Research Program (HCRP) has as its primary goal the cost-effective production of electric power from moderate temperature hydrothermal resources. Recent work has included the study of supercritical cycles with counterflow condensation which utilize mixtures as working fluids. These advanced concepts are projected to give a 20 to 30% improvement in power produced per unit geofluid flow rate (geofluid effectiveness, w hr/lb). The original Kalina cycle is a system which is similar to the cycles being studied in the Heat Cycle Research program and it was felt that this new cycle should be studied in the geothermal context. 15 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.