The objective of this work is to minimize the cost of the materials and maximize the performance of magnetic cores, a major cost component of a Heavy-Ion-Fusion, HIF, induction accelerator driver. This includes selection of the alloy for cost and performance, and maximizing the performance of each alloy evaluated. The two major performance parameters are the magnetic flux swing and the energy loss. The volt seconds of the cores, obtained from the flux swing with Faraday's Law, determines the beam energy and duration. Core losses from forming domains and moving their boundaries are a major factor in determining the efficiency of an induction accelerator.

Material modifications by ion implantation, dry etching, and micro-fabrication are widely used technologies, all of which are performed in vacuum, since ion beams at energies used in these applications are completely attenuated by foils or by long differentially pumped sections, which ate currently used to interface between vacuum and atmosphere. A novel plasma window, which utilizes a short arc for vacuum-atmosphere interface has been developed. This window provides for sufficient vacuum atmosphere separation, as well as for ion beam propagation through it, thus facilitating non-vacuum ion material modification.

The authors describe and test spai_1.1, a parallel MPIimplementation of the sparse approximate inverse (SPAI) preconditioner.They show that SPAI can be very effective for solving a set of very largeand difficult problems on a Cray T3E. The results clearly show the valueof SPAI (and approximate inverse methods in general) as the viablealternative to ILU-type methods when facing very large and difficultproblems. The authorsstrengthen this conclusion by showing that spai_1.1also has very good scaling behavior.

A new heterotic N = 2 string with manifest target space supersymmetry is constructed by combining a conventional N = 2 string in the right-moving sector and a Green-Schwarz-Berkovits type string in the left-moving sector. The corresponding sigma model is then obtained by turning on background fields for the massless excitations. We compute the beta functions and we partially check the OPE's of the superconformal algebra perturbatively in {alpha}{prime}, all in superspace. The resulting field equations describe N = 1 self-dual supergravity.

We show that an effective field theory that includes non-standard couplings between the electroweak gauge bosons and the top and bottom quarks may yield negative contributions to both the S and T oblique radiative electroweak parameters. We find that such an effective field theory provides a better fit to data than the standard model (the {chi}{sup 2} per degree of freedom is half as large). We examine in some detail an illustrative model where the exchange of heavy scalars produces the correct type of non-standard couplings.

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Magnetically driven imploding liner systems can be used as a source of shock energy for materials equation of state studies, implosion driven magnetized plasma fusion experiments, and other similar applications. The imploding liner is a cylinder of conducting material through which a current is passed in the longitudinal direction. Interaction of the current with its own magnetic field causes the liner to implode. Sources of electrical energy for imploding liner systems are capacitor banks or explosive pulse power systems seeded by capacitor banks. In August, 1996, a high energy liner experiment (HEL-1) was conducted at the All-Russia Scientific Research Institute (VNIIEF) in Sarov, Russia. A 5 tier 1 meter diameter explosive disk generator provided electrical energy to drive a 48 cm outside diameter, 4 mm thick, aluminum alloy liner having a mass of about 11kg onto an 11 cm diameter diagnostic package. The purpose of the experiment was to measure performance of the explosive pulse power generator and the heavy imploding liner. Electrical performance diagnostics included inductive (B-dot) probes, Faraday Rotation current measurement, Rogowski total current measurement, and voltage probes. Flux loss and conductor motion diagnostics included current-joint voltage measurements and motion sensing contact pins. Optical and electrical impact pins, …

Article discussing the solubility of anthracene in binary alkane + chlorocyclohexane and alkane + 1-chlorooctane solvent mixtures at 298.2 K.

Austenitic 316LN alloy was ion-irradiated using the unique Triple Ion Beam Facility (TIF) at ORNL to investigate radiation damage effects relevant to spallation neutron sources. The TIF was used to simulate significant features of GeV proton irradiation effects in spallation neutron source target materials by producing displacement damage while simultaneously injecting helium and hydrogen at appropriately high gas/dpa ratios. Irradiations were carried out at 80, 200, and 350 C using 3.5 MeV Fe{sup ++}, 360 keV He{sup +}, and 180 keV H{sup +} to accumulate 50 dpa by Fe, 10,000 appm of He, and 50,000 appm of H. Irradiations were also carried out at 200 C in single and dual ion beam modes. The specific ion energies were chosen to maximize the damage and the gas accumulation at a depth of {approximately} 1 {micro}m. Variations in microstructure and hardness of irradiated specimens were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a nanoindentation technique, respectively. TEM investigation yielded varying damage defect microstructures, comprising black dots, faulted and unfaulted loops, and a high number density of fine bubbles (typically less than 1 nm in diameter). With increasing temperature, faulted loops had a tendency to unfault, and bubble microstructure changed from a bimodal …

The evolution of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instabilities in the nonlinear regime of growth was investigated in indirect-drive experiments on the Nova laser. The RT experiments investigated the evolution of both single- and multimode perturbations at an embedded interface, isolated from the effects of ablation. This ``classical`` geometry allows short wavelength ({lambda} {approximately} 10-20 {micro}m) perturbations to grow strongly, in marked contrast to prior results at an ablation front. The RM experiments studied singly- and doubly-shocked perturbed interfaces in both face-on and side-on geometries. (U)

High current photocathodes operating in vacuum environments as high as 8xE-5 torr are being developed at Los Alamos for use in a new generation of linear induction accelerators. We report quantum efficiencies in wide bandgap semiconductors, pure metals, and compound metal surfaces photocathode materials illuminated by ultraviolet laser radiation.

Laser-induced fluorescence is used to image the central plane of the mix region of two immiscible liquids subject to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The familiar bubbles and spikes display a complex internal structure. This small-scale structure creates a large contact area whose density is constant in time. The size of the mixing zone, defined in a new way, grows with coefficient ab >= 0.054.

Dose measurements made on and around the insertion devices (IDs) at the Advanced Photon Source are reported. Attempts are made to compare these dose rates to dose rates that have been reported to cause radiation-induced demagnetization, but comparisons are complicated by such factors as the particular magnet material and the techniques used in its manufacture, the spectrum and type of radiation, and the demagnetizing field seen by the magnet. The spectrum of radiation at the IDs. It has almost no effect on the dose to the downstream ends of the IDs, however, since much of the radiation travels through the ID vacuum chamber and cannot be readily shielded. Opening the gaps of the IDs during injection and at other times also helps decrease the radiation exposure.

Electron synchrotron storage rings, such as the VUV ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), produce short pulses of infrared (IR) radiation suitable for investigating the time-dependent phenomena in a variety of interesting experimental systems. In contrast to other pulses sources of IR, the synchrotron produces a continuum spectral output over the entire IR (and beyond), though at power levels typically below those obtained from laser systems. The infrared synchrotron radiation (IRSR) source is therefore well-suited as a probe using standard FTIR spectroscopic techniques. Here the authors describe the pump-probe spectroscopy facility being established at the NSLS and demonstrate the technique by measuring the photocarrier decay in a semiconductor.

The United States Department of Energy is presently faced with the stabilization and safe disposition of hundreds of metric tons of residue materials resulting from 50+ years of nuclear weapons production activities. These residues encompass a broad range of substrates and radionuclides and include both solid and liquid materials. Combustible residues constitute a significant fraction of the total residue inventory, and an important constituent within the combustible category is spent anion ion-exchange resins. These resins are typically utilized for the separation of plutonium from other radionuclides under strongly acidic nitric or hydrochloric acid solution conditions which favor the formation and partitioning of anionic Pu(IV) nitrato or chloride species. The spent resins are usually rinsed prior to storage as residues to reduce both acid and radionuclide concentrations, but significant radionuclide concentrations remain in these resins, and the long-term effects of concentrated acid and radiolysis on the resin integrity are relatively unexplored. Thus, new research is needed to assess the stability of these resin residues and address the need for further treatment to ensure stability prior to long-term disposal.

Since August of 1994, the Los Alamos National Laboratory has been using the LANL Categorization Criteria Matrix for determining the need for and level of reporting criticality safety limit violations. The LANL Categorization Criteria Matrix is DOE approved, and is cited in a DOE approved SAR for the LANL Plutonium Facility as the method used to determine whether a criticality limit violation is reportable to DOE via 5000.3B ``Occurrence Categorization, notification and Reporting Requirements`` (replaced by DOE O 232.1). The use of the LANL Categorization Criteria Matrix provides a framework that allows criticality limit violations to be objectively reviewed in terms of what were the consequences of the criticality safety limit violation. Using the LANL Categorization Criteria Matrix helps the criticality safety engineer and line supervision explain to others, in a quantifiable manner, the significance of the criticality limit violation, the levels of margin of safety built into operations, and demonstrate the difference between evaluated conditions and working conditions.

Fiber microbuckling is the primary failure mechanism in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites under compression. Due to processing or service conditions, damage (e.g., microcracks) exists at fiber/matrix interfaces. The effect of damage on the microbuckling of fibers is investigated in the present study. Based on the micromechanics analysis, the damage at interfaces is modeled as a linear spring against interface sliding, and the spring constant depends on the damage level. It is established that the critical strain for fiber microbuckling is relatively insensitive to the interface damage, but increases rapidly with the fiber volume fraction.

Simulation of the complete response of components and systems composed of energetic materials, such as PBX-9501 is important in the determination of the safety of various explosive systems. For example, predicting the correct state of stress, rate of deformation and temperature during penetration is essential in the prediction of ignition. Such simulation requires accurate constitutive models. These models must also be computationally efficient to enable analysis of large scale three dimensional problems using explicit lagrangian finite element codes such as DYNA3D. However, to be of maximum utility, these predictions must be validated against robust dynamic experiments. In this paper, the authors report comparisons between experimental and predicted displacement fields in PBX-9501 during dynamic deformation, and describe the modeling approach. The predictions used Visco-SCRAM and the Generalized Method of Cells which have been implemented into DYNA3D. The experimental data were obtained using laser-induced fluorescence speckle photography. Results from this study have lead to more accurate models and have also guided further experimental work.

To reconstruct (approximate) an arbitrary surface using subsurfaces (patches) from a library of surfaces in an optimal way is an interesting algorithmic problem and has many applications in image processing. This paper presents an efficient algorithm for an optimal reconstruction of a query surface using patches from a reference library of surfaces, under the constraint that the smallest patch size is above some specified value. In this algorithm, a surface is given as an integer function f(x, y) over a finite 2-D grid. The algorithm partitions a query surface into patches in such a way that each patch is represented by a similar patch from a library surface, and the total difference between the query surface and the representing (composite) surface is minimized, where the boundary of a patch is not pre-determined but solely determined by the optimization process. By using a minimum spanning tree-based data structure, this optimization problem can be solved efficiently. An application of this technique in computational forensics is outlined.

Coincidence cross sections for (e, e{prime}p) quasi-elastic scattering were measured at CEBAF with high statistical precision for C, Fe, and Au targets for 0.6 < Q{sup 2} < 3.3 GeV{sup 2}. Missing energy and missing momentum distributions obtained from a preliminary analysis are in reasonable agreement with prior data from SLAC. The preliminary analysis are compared with a PWIA calculation to determine the nuclear transparency as a function of Q{sup 2} and A. A Rosenbluth analysis to extract the longitudinal and transverse cross sections from these data is anticipated.

The authors search for the Flavor-Changing Neutral Current decays of the top quark t {yields} q{gamma} and t {yields} qZ (here q represents the c and u quarks) in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV from a dataset with an integrated luminosity of approximately 110 pb{sup {minus}1} collected during the 1992-1995 run of the Collider Detector at Fermilab. They set limits on the branching fractions BF (t {yields} q{gamma}) < 2.9% (at 95% CL) and BF (t {yields} qZ) < 44% (at 90% CL), consistent with the Standard Model.

The nuclear industry of Ukraine is a vital part of the national economy. In 1995 nuclear power accounted for approximately 37% of the total electricity production. Ukraine has five nuclear power stations with fourteen reactors in commercial operation. Ukraine also has research facilities whose work involves nuclear materials. Improving the security of the nuclear material under its control is an important goal for the Ukrainian nuclear community. Ukraine has requested and is receiving the assistance of several IAEA member states in material protection, control and accounting (MPC and A). The US DOE is providing assistance in nuclear material safeguards in both material control and accountability (MC and A) and physical protection (PP) to the national regulatory authority and to four facilities in Ukraine. The program is well under way. At the Kiev Institute of Nuclear Research (KINR) a significant upgrade of the PP system has been completed. Similar upgrades are in progress at the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT), South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant (SUNPP) and Sevastopol Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry (SINEI). MC and A equipment and software, including computers and NDA instrumentation, have been delivered to the facilities. This paper summarizes accomplishments of the program …

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is developing chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs) to treat low-level mixed wastes, particularly those containing volatiles and pyrophorics that cannot be treated by conventional thermal processes. This work was begun under ANL`s Laboratory Directed Research and Development funds, followed by further development with support from EM-50`s Mixed Waste Focus Area.

A significant effort within the Department of Energy`s Office of Transportation Technologies and the U.S. Navy`s Power Electronic Building Block (PEBB) project has focused on reducing the size and weight of power electronic devices for electric and hybrid vehicles. Power electronic circuits, which are composed of active switching elements and passive components such as capacitors and inductors, provide motor control, power distribution, and DC/AC conversion functions in electric vehicles. Progress has been made on reducing the size and weight of power electronic components such as MOS-controlled thristors and insulated-gate bipolar transistors. Additional effort on high-power capacitors will be needed for load leveling and filter functions. The objective of this work is to fabricate a new class of high-power capacitors with reduced size and weight. Capacitors will be integrated with semiconductor components of electric motor and actuator control subsystems.