We have performed a search for creation of the top quark in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 GeV at Tevatron, Fermilab. t{bar t} production followed by top decay to W + b quark is assumed. We have searched for the decay channels with both W`s decaying leptonically, and with one W decay to an electron and the other to quarks. A preliminary report on the status of one interesting event is presented. By combining the results from the ee and e{mu} channels a lower top mass limit of 99 GeV on the 95% confidence level is obtained.

The EHS is an electrochemical hydrogen separator based on the uniquely reversible nature of hydrogen oxidation-reduction reactions in electrochemical systems. The principle and the hardware concept are shown in Figure 1. Hydrogen from the mixed gas stream is oxidized to H{sup +} ions, transported through a cation transport electrolyte membrane (matrix) under an applied electric field and discharged in a pure hydrogen state on the cathode. The cation transfer electrolyte membrane provides a barrier between the feed and product gases. The EHS design is an offshoot of phosphoric acid fuel cell development. Although any proton transfer electrolyte can be used, the phosphoric acid based system offers a unique advantage because its operating temperature of {approximately}200{degree}C makes it tolerant to trace CO and also closely matches the water-shift reactor exit gas temperature ({approximately}250{degree}C). Hydrogen-containing streams in coal gasification systems have large carbon monoxide contents. For efficient hydrogen recovery, most of the CO must be converted to hydrogen by the low temperature water-shift reaction (Figure 2). Advanced coal gasification and gas separation technologies offer an important pathway to the clean utilization of coal resources.

The pyrochemical electrorefining process for recovery of actinides in spent fuel from the Integral Fast Reactor accumulates fission product wastes as chlorides dissolved in molten LiCI-KCI and as metals, some of which are in molten cadmium. Pyrochemical processes are being developed to recover uranium and transuranium elements for return to the reactor, and to separate and immobilize fission products in suitable waste forms. Solvent cadmium is recycled within the process. Electrolyte salt is treated in a series of salt/cadmium extraction steps; it is also returned to the process. Salt-borne fission products are concentrated on a zeolite bed that is converted to a stable, leach-resistant mineral. Rare earth fission products from the salt, noble metal fission products, and cladding hulls are dispersed in a metal matrix.

The United States is emerging from the Cold War era into an exciting, but challenging future. Improving the economic competitiveness of our Nation is essential both for improving the quality of life in the United States and maintaining a strong national security. The research and technical skills used to maintain a leading edge in defense and energy now should be used to help meet the challenge of maintaining, regaining, and establishing US leadership in industrial technologies. Companies recognize that success in the world marketplace depends on products that are at the leading edge of technology, with competitive cost, quality, and performance. Los Alamos National Laboratory and its Industrial Partnership Center (IPC) has the strategic goal to make a strong contribution to the nation`s economic competitiveness by leveraging the government`s investment at the Laboratory: personnel, infrastructure, and technological expertise.

Theoretical calculations and measurements indicate that octupole correlations are at a maximum in the ground states of the odd-proton nuclei Ac and Pa. It has been expected that odd-odd nuclei should have even larger amount of octupole-octupole correlations. We have recently made measurements on the structure of {sup 224}Ac. Although spin and parity assignments could not be made, two bands starting at 354.1 and 360.0 keV have properties characteristic of reflection asymmetric shape. These two bands have very similar rotational constants and also similar alpha decay rates, which suggest similarity between the wavefunctions of these bands. These signatures provide evidence for octupole correlations in these nuclides.

Sulfur-containing compounds are precursors for thiyl radicals at coal liquefaction temperatures due to the weakness of The and S-S bonds. Thiyl radicals play important roles in hydrogen atom shuttling between benzylic positions and catalyze the cleavage and the formation of strong C-C bonds. Although many reactions of thiyl and other sulfur-containing radicals are qualitatively understood, the homolytic bond dissociation energies (EDE`s) and the thermochemistry associated with many key high molecular weight hydrocarbon and sulfur-containing organic structures important to coal is lacking because they are inappropriate for gas-phase techniques. The measurement of BDE`s has been proven to be difficult even in the simplest of molecules.

The principal and engineering aspects of a dedicated synchrotron radiation beamline under construction at the Advanced Photon Source for nuclear resonant scattering purposes are explained. The expected performance in terms of isotopes to be studied, flux, and timing properties is discussed.

Field testing in several of the Westinghouse Advanced Particulate Filtration (APF) systems has indicated that the oxide-based materials are more susceptible to thermal shock which results from system transients (i.e., combustion of char or reducing gases; system startup/turbine transients). The current clay bonded silicon carbide filter materials have a higher thermal shock resistance, but appear to be more susceptible to high temperature creep, as well as to changes that occur within the binder phase(s). Strength has frequently been used to assess what effects advanced coal fired process systems have on the stability and projected life of the various porous ceramic filter materials (Tables 1 and 2). Based on the numerous phase changes that occur, and the influence of pulse cleaning on the thermal fatigue characteristics of both the alumina/mullite and clay bonded silicon carbide filter materials, alternate material properties as thermal conductivity, thermal coefficient of expansion, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and emissivity as a function of thermal/chemical aging are now being considered as critical factors for projecting filter durability and operating life. Table 3 provides a summary of the as-manufactured material properties for the alumina/mullite and clay bonded silicon carbide filter materials which have been used in the Westinghouse`s APF …

The U.S. Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) Pantex Plant, located in Amarillo, Texas, is responsible for the assembly, stockpile maintenance, and disassembly of nuclear weapons. Pantex is operated by the Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc. The following summarizes the pilot study that was designed to establish Pantex as a leader in using the continuous improvement tool of benchmarking within the DOE`s Nuclear Weapon Complex (NWC). The pilot study was conducted with Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co. and Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) personnel during 1992.

We have measured the temperature dependence between 80 and 300K and spectral weight of the 4f features in clean single crystal Yb heavy fermions, cleaved in a vacuum of 5 {times} 10{sup {minus}11} Torr. A small ({approx}10%) decrease in spectral weight differs substantially from the reported {approx}50% decrease over this range. All divalent features are much larger than expected, yielding n{sub f} values far too small. The intensity of the divalent features in YbAuCu{sub 4} is about 2 orders of magnitude larger than expected.

Several years ago, Brookhaven joined with DuPont in a cooperative effort to develop improved cable insulation for SSC superconducting dipole magnets. The effort was supported by the SSC Central Design Group and later the SSC Laboratory. It was undertaken because turn-to-turn and midplane shorts were routinely being experienced during the assembly of magnets with coils made of the existing Kapton/Fiberglass (K/FG) system of Kapton film overwrapped with epoxy-impregnated fiberglass tape. Dissection of failed magnets showed that insulation disruption and punch-through was occurring near the inner edges of turns close to the magnet midplane. Coil pressures of greater than 17 kpsi were sufficient to disrupt the insulation at local high spots where wires in neighboring turns crossed one another and where the cable had been strongly compacted in the keystoning operation during cable manufacture. In the joint development program, numerous combinations of polyimide films manufactured by DuPont with varying configurations and properties (including thickness) were subjected to tests at Brookhaven. Early tests were bench trials using wrapped cable samples. The most promising candidates were used in coils and many of these assembled and tested as magnets in both the SSC and RHIC magnet programs currently underway. The Kapton CI (CI) system …

The procedures of vapor-deposition polymerization, spin coating and orientation-dependent etching have been employed to make free-standing thin films of Parylene-N, Parylene-D, polystyrene, polycarbonate and perfluoro-dimethyl-dioxole/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (Teflon{reg_sign} AF-1600). The polymeric materials were vapor-deposited or spin-coated onto substrates of polished single-crystal silicon (wafers) and removed on frames of various shapes and sizes after application of adhesive and an etching process using potassium hydroxide. Thicknesses range from 2000{Angstrom} to 12000{Angstrom}.

Hydrogen transfer processes involving radical intermediates are of key importance in the liquefaction of coal. While the primary function of donor solvents is to transfer H{lg_bullet} to coal-derived radicals that form when weak bonds are cleaved thermolytically, growing evidence suggests that the donor solvent can play a role in promoting cleavage of strong {alpha}-bonds. McMillen and Malhotra have explained the results in terms of a single-step mechanism referred to as radical H-transfer (RHT). Mechanistic kinetic models have been used to suggest the importance of RHT pathways in anthracene- and pyrene-based solvent systems. However, we question the reliability of these approaches because little experimental data exists to support the 16.5 kcal/mol intrinsic barriers they assume for RHT reactions. Unambiguous evidence for RHT is very difficult to obtain experimentally because at the temperatures required to activate the RHT reaction, a suite of multistep reactions can occur, which yield the same products, i.e. H-elimination from hydroaryl radicals followed by ipso addition. For this reason, we have sought to gain insight to barrier heights for RHT from theory. This paper reports our use of Marcus theory in combination with ab initio and semiempirical molecular orbital methods to show how the intrinsic barriers for RHT …

Sorbents developed for moving-bed systems must comply with a minimum of chemical and mechanical durability performance characteristics in order to be considered acceptable for long-term operation. Among the desired properties, a sorbent must have: (1) High chemical reactivity, as measured by the rate of sulfur absorption and the total sulfur loading on the sorbent. (2) High mechanical strength, as measured by the pellet crush strength and the attrition resistance; (3) Suitable pellet morphology, as given by pellet size and shape to promote good bulk flow ability and seasonable porosity to increase reactivity. Formulation 2A1.7M (UCI designation L-3787M) was selected by DOE as the baseline formulation for performance evaluation of Option 3 sorbents. This baseline formulation is a rounded zinc titanate sorbent containing a 2:1 Zn:Ti molar ratio, 1.7% molybdenum (equivalent to 2.5% MoO{sub 3}), and 3% bentonite binder that had been previously tested under the Option 2 program. Zinc titanate sorbents were prepared by UCI as rounded spherical or ellipsoidal pellets. The fabrication procedure is targeted at achieving a balance of mechanical strength (crush strength and attrition resistance) and chemical reactivity by controlling the pellet internal porosity.

In addition to the accuracy-through-order requirement that the defining polynomials not all be divisible by z, as required for Pade and integral approximants, there is the further problem of deficiency as pointed out by McInnes. I prove a finite bound on the deficiency and also prove the accuracy-through-order property for algebraic approximants. In addition I prove the equivalence property for algebraic approximants.

As dictated by DOE Order 5480.28, seismic evaluations of essential systems and components at DOE facilities will be conducted over the next several years. For many of these systems and components, few, if any, seismic requirements applied to the original design, procurement, installation, and maintenance process. Thus the verification of the seismic adequacy of existing systems and components presents a difficult challenge. DOE has undertaken development of the criteria and procedures for these seismic evaluations that will maximize safety benefits in a timely and cost effective manner. As demonstrated in previous applications at DOE facilities and by the experience from the commercial nuclear power industry, use of experience data for these evaluations is the only viable option for most existing systems and components. This paper describes seismic experience data, the needs at DOE facilities, the precedent of application at nuclear power plants and DOE facilities, and the program being put in place for the seismic verification task ahead for DOE.

In the early days of microelectronics, design rules and feature sizes were large enough that sub-micron spatial resolution was not needed. Infrared or IR thermal techniques were available that calculated the object`s temperature from infrared emission. There is a fundamental spatial resolution limitation dependent on the wavelengths of light being used in the image formation process. As the integrated circuit feature sizes began to shrink toward the one micron level, the limitations imposed on IR thermal systems became more pronounced. Something else was needed to overcome this limitation. Liquid crystals have been used with great success, but they lack the temperature measurement capabilities of other techniques. The fluorescent microthermographic imaging technique (FMI) was developed to meet this need. This technique offers better than 0.01{degrees}C temperature resolution and is diffraction limited to 0.3 {mu}m spatial resolution. While the temperature resolution is comparable to that available on IR systems, the spatial resolution is much better. The FMI technique provides better spatial resolution by using a temperature dependent fluorescent film that emits light at 612 nm instead of the 1.5 {mu}m to 12 {mu}m range used by IR techniques. This tutorial starts with a review of blackbody radiation physics, the process by which …

Measurements made by a penetrator structure penetration of some medium may not measure the penetration environment directly. In general, the measurements quantify the penetrator`s structural response to the penetrator force environment. This paper reports laboratory testing and analysis techniques that have been used to identify and/or remove highly nonlinear responses which can mask the penetration environments one desires to measure. Results for two penetrator structures are presented. For the first penetrator, shock testing was conducted to determine the cause of accelerometer failure during field tests. For a second penetrator, shock testing was conducted to assist with the interpretation of accelerometer measurements made during field tests for which the penetrator was instrumented with one axial accelerometer. Very high acceleration levels for a data bandwidth of DC to 70 kHz were recorded in these field tests. The laboratory test results for these two penetrators are presented and discussed.

Rechargeable thin-film batteries consisting of lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have been fabricated and characterized. These include Li-TiS{sub 2}, Li-V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and Li-Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cells with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5 V, 3.7 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. The realization of these robust cells, which can be cycled thousands of times, was possible because of the stability of the amorphous lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride. This material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46}and a conductivity at 25 C of 2 {mu}S/cm. The thin-film cells have been cycled at 100% depth of discharge using current densities of 5 to 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. Over most of the charge-discharge range, the internal resistance appears to be dominated by the cathode, and the major source of the resistance is the diffusion of Li{sup +} ions from the electrolyte into the cathode. Chemical diffusion coefficients were determined from ac impedance measurements.

The Human-Specific (HS) subfamily of Alu sequences is comprised of a group of 500 nearly identical members which are almost exclusively restricted to the human genome. Individual subfamily members share an average of 97.9% nucleotide identity with each other and an average of 98.9% nucleotide identity with the HS subfamily consensus sequence. HS Alu family members are thought to be derived from a single source ``master`` gene, and have an average age of 2.8 million years. We have developed a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based assay using primers complementary to the 5 in. and 3 in. unique flanking DNA sequences from each HS Alu that allows the locus to be assayed for the presence or absence of an Alu repeat. Individual HS Alu sequences were found to be either monomorphic or dimorphic for the presence or absence of each repeat. The monomorphic HS Alu family members inserted in the human genome after the human/great ape divergence (which is thought to have occurred 4--6 million years ago), but before the radiation of modem man. The dimorphic HS Alu sequences inserted in the human genome after the radiation of modem man (within the last 200,000-one million years) and represent a unique source …

The authors calculate the pp {yields} t{anti t}{gamma} + X {yields} W{gamma} + X cross section at SSC energies. Approximately 40% of the total cross section originates from photon bremsstrahlung off the final state jet in t{anti t}j production. Without cuts restricting the hadronic activity, the t{anti t}{gamma} rate is a factor 10 (2) larger than the tree level W{gamma} cross section for a top quark mass of 110 GeV (200 GeV). Imposing a jet veto cut, the t{anti t}{gamma} rate can be suppressed to a level well below the W{gamma} + 0 jet signal cross section.

The divertors of future fusion reactors will have a power throughput of several hundred MW. The peak heat flux on the diverter surface is estimated to be 5 to 15 MW/m{sup 2} at an average heat flux of 2 MW/m{sup 2}. The divertors have a requirement of both minimum temperature (100{degrees}C) and maximum temperature. The minimum temperature is dictated by the requirement to reduce the absorption of plasma, and the maximum temperature is determined by the thermo-mechanical properties of the plasma facing materials. Coolants that have been considered for fusion reactors are water, liquid metals and helium. Helium cooling has been shown to be very attractive from safety and other considerations. Helium is chemically and neutronically inert and is suitable for power conversion. The challenges associated with helium cooling are: (1) Manifold sizes; (2) Pumping power; and (3) Leak prevention. In this paper the first two of the above design issues are addressed. A variety of heat transfer enhancement techniques are considered to demonstrate that the manifold sizes and the pumping power can be reduced to acceptable levels. A helium-cooled diverter module was designed and fabricated by GA for steady-state heat flux of 10 MW/m{sup 2}. This module was recently …

In this paper, we provide a brief overview of our general molecular dynamics algorithm and focus on several performance enhancements that have allowed us to achieve high performance on the CM-5. Our use of the CM-5 vector units (VUs) to calculate forces is described along with a memory caching scheme that speeds up the force calculation by as much as 50%. In addition, we discuss a method used to speed up the communication aspects of our algorithm by more than 35%. Lastly, recent timing and scaling results are presented. Our code has been implemented in ANSI C with explicit calls to the CMMD message-passing library. To use the VUs we have written our force calculation in CDPEAC (a C interface to the VU assembler language, DPEAC). We also assume that particles interact according to the Lennard-Jones 6--12 (LJ) potential.

Detailed studies of the luminescence of aquated Am{sup 3+} are presented in the context of prior lanthanide and actinide ion work. The luminescing state of aquated Am{sup 3+} is confirmed to be {sup 5}D{sub l} based on observed emission and excitation spectra. The luminescence lifetime of Am{sup 3+} in H{sub 2}O solution is (22 {plus_minus} 3) ns and (155 {plus_minus} 4) ns in D{sub 2}O solution at 295 K. Judd-Ofelt transition intensity theory qualitatively describes the observed Am{sup 3+} relative integrated fluorescence intensities. Recent luminescence studies on complexed trivalent f-element ions in solution are reviewed as to the similarities and differences between lanthanide ion 4f state and actinide ion 5f state properties.