Lanthanide orthophosphates formed from elements in the first half of the 4f transition series are analogs of the monoclinic mineral monazite. The known geologic properties of this mineral make the general class of lanthanide orthophosphate compounds attractive substances for long-term containment and disposal of ..cap alpha..-active actinide nuclear wastes. EPR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the structural properties and solid state chemical properties of impurities in these materials and to compare the characteristics of single crystals and polycrystalline bodies.

Article commenting on the prediction of gas chromatographic retention behavior with mixed liquid phases.

The current status of the Team One effort of the DOE/OFE/D and T 12 Tesla Coil Development Program is presented. Subatmospheric, helium bath cooled, NbTiTa alloy is employed for the test coil, and ETF TF-coil concept. General Atomic is the Team One leader, with Magnetic Corporation of American as industrial subcontractor.

The 1980 effort has been concentrated upon four major tasks: completion of the conceptual design of an ETF reactor compatible TF-coil employing helium bath cooled NbTi alloy conductor; procurement of conductor for the coil to be tested at the LLNL HFTF during FY 82; design of the test coil; and a series of relevant tests using the GA HFTF. The ETF TF-coil concept employs cabled NbTiTa/copper conductor, immersed in a helium bath subcooled to 2.5 K from a saturation temperature of 3 K. A saturated superfluid (He II) bath cooled option is also under consideration. Hoop, radial and circumferential bearing loads are borne by a multicomponent frame of stainless steel strips which surround the pancake (spiral) wound conductor. Magnetic Corporation of America is providing the 10 kA, three level, unsoldered, uninsulated Rutherford cable for the test coil. Meanwhile, at GA, a series of heat pulse/recovery tests are being performed upon samples of cabled conductor, at 2.5 - 3 K, and in the He II range. These tests will guide the test coil cryogenic design, and provide improved insight into results later obtained with that coil at Livermore. The 0.4 m I.D. x 1 m O.D. Test Coil has been designed. …

Ni(Al, Fe){sub 2}O{sub 4} ceramic alloys were reduced by hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1 atm, and at temperatures between 450 and 800 C. The reaction rate was determined from the rate of advance of the porous metal product layer-unreduced oxide interface. A simple analysis was presented permitting assessment of both the interface reaction resistance and the gas transport resistant through the porous product scales. The reaction was under mixed control in all conditions studied. In a range of temperatures and reaction times, preferred grain-boundary attack was observed. The conditions under which this was observed depended strongly on the Al{sup 3+} content of the ceramic alloy. Al{sup 3+} also lowered the interface reaction rate and inhibited scale coarsening by formation of dispersed unreduced phases in the product scales.

In the attempt to achieve optimal recovery of petroleum from a reservoir, it is usually necessary to model numerically the fluid displacements within the reservoir. These displacements often involve the propagation of steep fronts, such as those between different fluids or between regions of differing chemical concentrations. Such fronts generally pose difficulty for numerical methods, the overcoming of which has stimulated the development of new methods in recent years. We discuss our recent work on one such method, the random choice method, which has the inherent capability of following even perfectly sharp fronts. The use of the method is illustrated for multi-dimensional, two-phase, immiscible porous flow, including the effects of capillary pressure and of gravity.

European Communities, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Japan, Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States on national policies and positions on seabed disposal are summarized. Task group reports on systems analysis, site assessment, canisters, waste forms, sediment and rocks, physical oceanography, and biology are presented. (DMC)

In Gubbio, Italy, a l em layer of clay between extensive limestone formations marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary Periods. This clay layer was known to have been deposited about 65 million years ago when many life forms became extinct, but the length of time associated with the deposition was not known. In an attempt to measure this time with normally deposited meteoritic material as a clock, extensive measurements of iridium abundances (and those of many other elements) were made on the Gubbio rocks. Neutron activation analysis was the principal tool used in these studies. About 50 elements are searched for in materials like the earth's crust, about 40 are detected and about 30 are measured with useful precision. We were not able to determine exactly how long the clay deposition took. Instead the laboratory studies on the chemical and physical nature of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary led to the theory that an asteroid collision with the earth was responsible for the extinction of many forms of life including the dinosaurs.

The fission decay of {sup 238}U has been measured as function of excitation energy in inelastic scattering of 120 MeV {alpha}-particles. Total kinetic energies and masses of fission fragments were measured by the double energy method. It is observed that the total kinetic energy E{sub K} decreases and that the valley in the mass distribution is reduced when the excitation energy of the system is increased. No indication of anomalous total kinetic energy release in the region of the giant quadrupole resonance has been found. A qualitative interpretation of the data is given on the basis of a static scission point model.

The author concludes that: Safeguards which allow the meeting of IAEA uranium and plutonium diversion detection goals for large-scale reprocessing plants are achievable. Concepts exists for ways in which IAEA inspectors could verify data received from operations of such facilities. Additional work is needed, particularly in the futher development of on-line instruments. Computerized near real-time accounting systems may provide significant operational benefits in addition to being required for safeguards purposes.

For purposes of this presentation, fire protection at the FFTF is subdivided into two catagories; protection for non-sodium areas and protection for areas containing sodium. Fire protection systems and philosophies for non-sodium areas at the FFTF are very similar to those used at conventional power plants being constructed throughout the country. They follow, essentially, the NRC rules and guidelines and ANSI 59.4 Generic Requirements for Light Water Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection. The FFTF with its support facilities have their own water system comprised of a looped 8'' and 10'' underground distribution system, three 1500 GPM fire pumps and three ground level storage tanks totaling 736,000 gallons with 420,000 reserved for fire protection. Fire hydrants are enclosed with hose houses outfitted for use by the Emergency Response Team (ERT). Fire prevention systems for sodium areas of the FFTF are also described.

A dynamic phantom with broad applications in testing computer aided gamma camera imaging systems is directed. The phantom employs a rotating disk which may be used to carry a distribution of absorbers or of radioactive sources. The disk is directly driven by a variable speed DC motor with a coupled tachometer for servo-controlled speed regulation. Data are presented for a variety of absorber and source distributions, including simulated cardiac dynamics. The system can be used to validate hardware and software integrity including computer gating circuits, linearity of intensity response, edge detection, and ejection fraction calculations.

The mechanisms of reactions of organotransition metal complexes have only begun to be understood in detail during the last ten years. The complementary interaction of techniques and concepts developed earlier in studies of organic reaction mechanisms, with those commonly used in inorganic chetnistry, has played a crucial role in helping to elucidate organor.1etall.ic reaction mechanisms. A few systems in which this interaction has proved especially fruitful are discussed in this article.

Extensive development will be required to achieve the 50- to 75-MW, 175- to 200-keV, 5- to 10-sec pulses of deuterium atoms envisioned for ETF and INTOR. Multi-megawatt injector systems are large (and expansive); they consist of large vacuum tanks with many square meters of cryogenic pumping panels, beam dumps capable of dissipating several megawatts of un-neutralized beam, bending magnets, electrical power systems capable of fast turnoff with low (capacity) stored energy, and, of course, the injector modules (ion sources and accelerators). The technology requirements associated with these components are described.

A model is proposed for a group of Archean pre-prokaryotes primary producers (termed Anoxium), that derived their energy from geothermal hydrogen sulfide discharged at oceanic vents. With time, competition developed for available S{sup =} due to organic oxidation and loss of sulfur to sediments. As a consequence, evolutionary advantage shifted to Anoxium isolates that could use alternative energy sources such as light to supplement diminished supplies of S{sup =}. Subsequent carbon fixing and deposition of organic carbon improved both the quality and quantity of light reaching the ocean surface so that eventually photosynthesis replaced sulfur chemosynthesis as the primary carbon dioxide-fixing mechanism. Organisms occupying niches similar to those of modern purple and green sulfur bacteria, thiobacilli and cyanobacteria could have evolved from the Anoxium complex as the environment was organically modified by the consequences of carbon fixing.

The development of nuclear EMP hardness requirements must account for uncertainties in the environment, in interaction and coupling, and in the susceptibility of subsystems and components. Typical uncertainties of the last two kinds are briefly summarized, and an assessment methodology is outlined, based on a probabilistic approach that encompasses the basic concepts of reliability. It is suggested that statements of survivability be made compatible with system reliability. Validation of the approach taken for simple antenna/circuit systems is performed with experiments and calculations that involve a Transient Electromagnetic Range, numerical antenna modeling, separate device failure data, and a failure analysis computer program.

With the help of interference effects, two-beam and multiple-beam spectroscopy detect in the pairs of beams (bundles of rays selected by the optical system) phase correlations due to certain fluctuations in optically thin distributions of incoherent light sources. Originally spatial resolution along the line of sight was expected for multiple-beam spectroscopy because of the limited region of intersection for pairs of beams. Here more general analysis shows another mechanism of spatial resolution allowing use of broader overlapping beams. Thus a simpler two-beam spectroscopy configuration (to be discussed in more detail elsewhere) capable of making more efficient use of emitted light proves to offer the same localized measurement of spatially harmonic fluctuations in the appropriate light source distributions.

Separate abstracts are prepared for twelve papers presented at the symposium. (MCW)

Perturbative QCD predictions are presented for the x near 1 behavior of hadronic structure functions. The available energy xW/sup 2/ is shown to control structure function evolution. In the case of meson structure functions, the x approx. 1 behavior is dominated by a high-twist contribution to the longitudinal structure function F/sub L/ approx. Cx/sup 2//Q/sup 2/, which can be rigorously computed and normalized. 4 figures.

The predictions of perturbative QCD for a number of areas of hadron dynamics are discussed, including exclusive processes at large momentum transfer, the endpoint behavior of hadronic structure functions, and the Fock state structure of hadron wave functions, especially their behavior at short distances. New results for exclusive two-photon processes, the normalization of high-twist contributions to the meson structure function, and the calculation of the valence Fock state probability of the pion are presented. The contrasting features of QCD and parton model dynamics are reviewed. 57 references, 14 figures.

Outer coatings that were as near alike as possible were applied to two different sizes of inert TRISO particles that were larger than those commonly used to fuel HTGR reactors, and these particles were then irradiated in a test reactor to observe the influence of particle size on outer coating failures that resulted from irradiation-induced shrinkage of coatings onto the more stable SiC substrates over which they were applied. Outer coatings of plain pyrocarbon and of Si-alloyed pyrocarbon were used to make up two test pairs of particles with diameters of about 1050 ..mu..m and 1300 ..mu..m. For a fast-neutron fluence of 5.5 x 10/sup 25/ n/m/sup 2/ (E > 29fJ) at an irradiation temperature of 1125 K, failure was about twice as high in the larger 1300 ..mu..m particle of each test pair as in the smaller 1050 ..mu..m particle (16% versus 8%), with each of the coating types having roughly the same behavior.

The following topics of perturbative QCD are discussed: (1) deep inelastic scattering; (2) higher order corrections to e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation, to photon structure functions and to quarkonia decays; (3) higher order corrections to fragmentation functions and to various semi-inclusive processes; (4) higher twist contributions; (5) exclusive processes; (6) transverse momentum effects; (7) jet and photon physics.

Inelastic neutron scattering studies have been made of the magnetic excitations in gadolinium above and below the Curie temperature (T/sub c/ = 293 K). The constant Q measurements were made out to the Brillouin zone boundaries in the (001) and (100) directions in the temperature range from 9 to 593 K. The small q spin-wave energies renormalize in approximate proportionality to the net magnetization and approach zero at T/sub c/. There is very little broadening of these peaks except at temperatures very near T/sub c/. At large q, however, there is appreciable broadening but a much slower decrease of spin-wave energies with increasing temperature. The large q peaks do not vanish at T/sub c/; instead, they persist as broad shoulders in the magnetic excitation spectra up to about 1.2 T/sub c/.

The computer programs TRANSPORT and TURTLE are described, with special emphasis on recent developments. TRANSPORT is a general matrix evaluation and fitting program. First and second-order transfer matrix elements, including those contributing to time-of-flight differences can be evaluated. Matrix elements of both orders can be fit, separately or simultaneously. Floor coordinates of the beam line may be calculated and included in any fits. Tables of results of misalignments, including effects of bilinear terms can be produced. Fringe fields and pole face rotation angles of bending magnets may be included and also adjusted automatically during the fitting process to produce rectangular magnets. A great variety of output options are available. TURTLE is a Monte Carlo program used to simulate beam line performance. It includes second-order terms and aperture constraints. Replacable subroutines allow an unliminated variety of input beam distributions, scattering algorithms, variables which can be histogrammed, and aperture shapes. Histograms of beam loss can also be produced. Rectangular zero-gradient bending magnets with proper circular trajectories, sagitta offsets, pole face rotation angles, and aperture constraints can be included. The effect of multiple components of quadrupoles up to 40 poles can be evaluated.