Measurement of /sup 129/I at low levels is required for effluent control, environmental assessment and tracer studies in the natural environment. Low level /sup 129/I analysis has also been used for measurement of natural-fission-produced /sup 129/I in minerals and ores as well as meteorites. The most sensitive method for /sup 129/I measurements is neutron activation analysis of iodine separated from a suitable sample. Minimum sample processing prior to neutron activation is desirable in order to reduce chances of sample contamination with uranium or /sup 129/I. A potential interference in the activation analysis method is the production of /sup 129/I (/sup 130/I) from Te impurities in the irradiated ampoule. Procedures have been developed and applied to measurement of the magnitude of the potential Te interference. One-tenth of a microgram of Te in the irradiated ampoule is sufficient to produce interference in the analysis. This is detectable by either radiochemical Te measurements or by /sup 131/I detection in the iodine fraction from the irradiated ampoule. This paper discusses the procedures and results of Te interference studies in /sup 129/I activation analysis. The interference was found to be insignificant for most analyses. 5 tables.

For our purposes in this review, we note the following points: (1) for charged particle detection, these counters can be filled with any noble gas-quenching gas mixture that produces satisfactory electrical signals; (2) neutron counters, in which the neutrons are detected by their interaction with the specific filling of the chamber to yield an ionizing particle, require special gas mixtures containing /sup 3/He or BF/sub 3/, an alternative approach is to coat the inner surface of the cathode with a boron or lithium compound; (3) proportional counters are used if there is any need to discriminate between different types of radiation incident on the chamber by the magnitude of the ionizing energy retained within the sensitive volume of the counter; (4) proportional counters can operate at higher speeds than Geiger counters, typically up to 10/sup 7/ cts/sec versus less than 10/sup 5//sec for the Geiger counters; and (5) Geiger counters produce very large uniform pulses which can be scaled by very simple electronics, hence, they are often used in survey meters and other portable monitoring instruments.

Results are presented of the test of a regional scale assessment model using four modes of precipitation hourly, 6 hourly, average turned on and off with the natural frequency and average precipitation. The test cases were carried out for a release of SO/sub 2/ with transformation to SO/sub 4/ at three different sites in the United States for July 1974. The results indicated that the use of average precipitation turned on and off with the natural frequency could be used instead of hourly precipitation for long-term assessments.

Bromoform has been identified as the major halogenated organic compound resulting from the chlorination of seawater. To test the potential for bioconcentration and subsequent return to man, 28-day uptake/28-day depuration studies were conducted with five commercially and recreationally important species (Protothaca staminea, Mercenaria mercenaria, Crassostrea virginica, Penaeus aztecus, Brevoortia tyrannus). The results indicate that for these species, the uptake and depuration is rapid (equilibrium is reached in 24 to 48 hours), and the concentration factors are relatively low (< 1 to 10 times the water concentration).

A 500 kW powerplant utilizing a direct contact heat exchanger (DCHX) between the geothermal brine and the isobutane working fluid is nearing completion at the East Mesa Component Test Facility. The primary purpose of the plant is to evaluate the performance potential of the direct contact system in a size much larger than the small exploratory units that have been tested to date. Thermodynamic performance of DCHX binary power systems has been demonstrated in small 10 kW research test rigs (Refs. 1, 2, and 3), however, characteristics that affect the economics and practicality of long term operation need to be evaluated. Three factors influencing plant performance and cost are: (1) the control of noncondensables that contaminate the power cycle condenser, (2) the equipment required to limit working fluid losses, and (3) the control of scaling or performance robbing deposits in critical components. These factors are not unrelated and control of one often impacts control of the other two. Operating data and research with the 500 kW pilot plant should demonstrate a solution to all three of these factors and provide design guidelines for larger plants.

The effects of different transient power histories on the intrasubassembly failure incoherencies in an unprotected Transient Overpower (TOP) Hypothetical Core Disruptive Accident (HCDA) are analyzed. The computational tool and other relevant points of present analysis are described. The computational results from the analysis are also discussed. The summary of the present study is stated.

Properties of the charmonium and upsilon families of heavy mesons are reviewed within the framework of quarkonium quantum mechanics. The implications of current data are analyzed and projections are made for heavier quarkonium families. 72 references.

The preferential acceleration and resulting cosmic ray abundance enhancements of heavy elements (relative to protons) are calculated in the collisionless supernova shock acceleration model described by Eichler in earlier work. Rapidly increasing enhancements up to several tens times solar ratios are obtained as a function of atomic weight over charge at the time of acceleration. For material typical of hot phase interstellar medium, good agreement is obtained with the observed abundance enhancements.

Large diameter (0.535 inch) mixed oxide fuel pellets for Fast Breeder Reactor application were successfully fabricated by the cold-press-and-sinter technique. Enriched UO/sub 2/, PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/, and PuO/sub 2/-ThO/sub 2/ compositions were fabricated into nominally 90% theoretical density pellets for the UO/sub 2/ and PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/ compositions, and 88% and 93% T.D. for the PuO/sub 2/-ThO/sub 2/ compositions. Some processing adjustments were required to achieve satisfactory pellet quality and density. Furnace heating rate was reduced from 200 to 50/sup 0/C/h for the organic binder burnout cycle for the large, 0.535-inch diameter pellets to eliminate pellet cracking during sintering. Additional preslugging steps and die wall lubrication during pressing were used to eliminate pressing cracks in the PuO/sub 2/-ThO/sub 2/ pellets.

In order to develop information concerning the range of organohalogen products to be expected from low-level chlorination practices, such as those used for biofouling control in electricity generating plants, the organic chlorination chemistry of natural waters have been investigated at 10 locations in the continental United States. The specific objective of our investigations was to document the formation of organohalogen material which by virtue of acutely toxic properties or bioaccumulation potential, could have deleterious effects on aquatic environments. This paper is intended to serve as an overview of results to date. This work is part of an interdisciplinary program to study the environmental chemistry and aquatic toxicology associated with current cooling water treatment practices.

The dynamical susceptibility of YbCuAl has been established by means of time of flight neutron scattering experiments. Non-Korringa behavior of the quasi-elastic line-width has been found and comparison with NMR data will be given.

Injection is an acceptable disposal method for geothermal fluid; however, use of injection can be limited by environmental considerations. This is the case in Raft River. The primary concern is that injection will affect either the quality or quantity of irrigation water in the closed groundwater basin. Data indicate that there is a natural migration of geothermal fluids into shallower aquifers and this migration is thought to be fracture-controlled. A series of wells have been drilled to monitor the response of shallow aquifers to intermediate-depth injection. Several of these monitor wells have shown marked pressure response to injection in RRGI-4 and RRGI-6. These data will be used to evaluate both current injection practices and fluid disposal alternatives in Raft River.

EG and G Idaho is performing geothermal market penetration analyses, and investigating infrastructure requirements. This paper provides a brief summary of some of the analyses being conducted to serve as a guide in the preparation of comprehensive plans for the accelerated commercialization of geothermal energy.

Results of pulsed electron beam and ruby laser irradiations of high- and low-dose implanted layers in GaAs were studied. Ruby laser and electron beam irradiations result in peak concentrations higher than can be obtained in furnace annealing. Mobilities after transient annealing are usually lower as compared to conventional annealing. Implantation at doses below the 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ level show poor or no electrical activity after transient annealing. (FS)

The focusing system for the positron beam at SLAC makes use of an adiabatically tapered solenoid whose transverse acceptance remains high over a broad energy band. From the computed distribution in energy of the accepted positrons, one can estimate that approximately one-half of the total number of positrons lies within the energy band from 2 - 4 MeV. Due to the debunching effect over the drift space following the target, only the high energy part (from 4.5 MeV to 10 MeV or more) of the accepted spectrum contributes to the useful current (within 1% energy bin). By decelerating the beam in a special short section very near the converter it is possible to obtain a bunching of all the accepted positrons with energy above 2 MeV within approximately 5/sup 0/, giving an improvement of a factor of two on the analyzed current.

Studies undertaken for INTOR indicate that for a remotely handled, ignited tokamak both conventional poloidal divertors as (PDX, Phase 1) and bundle divertors (ISX-B, Phase 1) will require improvement. Work has been underway for more than a year at ORNL in collaboration with Westinghouse on improving the bundle divertor concept. This report summarizes the work to date.

The Fusion Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) Facility is currently being designed by the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) at Richland, Washington, USA. This facility will make use of the intense source of high energy neutrons produced by 35 MeV deuterons incident upon a thick liquid lithium target in order to study radiation effects in fusion reactor materials. The experimental aspects and results of measurements of neutron yields and spectra from 35 MeV deuterons on a thick lithium target are described. (MOW)

Data analysis of well tests performed in non-isothermal (e.g., geothermal) reservoirs should take into account pressure changes resulting from fluid (and rock) temperature-dependent properties. For example the presence of zones of different temperatures may resemble permeability boundaries and will require careful interpretation of well test data. The present investigation employed a numerical model which incorporates temperature effects on fluid viscosity, density, and heat capacity. This study not only examines the influence of the viscosity variation but also the effects of the transition zone between hot and cold waters. A series of studies were performed to simulate the results from testing a well in a hot zone which is surrounded by a concentric cooler region. Observations were made at both the well itself and at observation wells. The cases include: (1) production tests to analyze long-term transient effects; (2) build-up tests to examine pressure variations after short periods of production; (3) injection tests of colder water into the hot zone to evaluate viscosity effects; and (4) partial penetration of the aquifer to study thermal effects on tests carried out using a partially penetrating production well.

Recent progress in ion sources is reviewed. The types of sources discussed include positive and negative proton and deuteron sources developed for conventional preaccelerators and for neutral beam applications. Positive heavy ion sources for conventional linacs and for induction linacs are included. Negative heavy ion sources are used for tandem electrostatic accelerators. Positive and negative polarized ion sources for protons and deuterons inject cyclotrons, tandems, and linacs. Some recent preaccelerator designs are summarized.

An initial feasibility study of using existing culinary water supply systems to provide hot water for space heating and air conditioning to a typical residential community is reported. The Phase I study has centered on methods of using low-to-moderate temperature water for heating purposes including institutional barriers, identification and description of a suitable residential commnity water system, evaluation of thermal losses in both the main distribution system and the street mains within the residential district, estimation of size and cost of the pumping station main heat exchanger, sizing of individual residential heat exchangers, determination of pumping and power requirements due to increased flow through the residential area mains, and pumping and power requirements from the street mains through a typical residence. All results of the engineering study of Phase I are encouraging.

Recent results obtained from quenching experiments, electron, gamma-ray, neutron and proton irradiation of germanium are reviewed. Major emphasis is given to the introduction of novel techniques for the study of shallow and deep levels. Explicitly introduced are Photothermal Ionization Spectroscopy (also called Photoelectric Spectroscopy), Deep level Transient Spectroscopy and High-Q Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Using as examples the recently discovered hydrogen-related centers and the lithium/lithium-oxygen system in germanium it is shown that a combination of techniques can yield information on composition and structure of defects.

Recent developments in computer based systems for quantitative x-ray microanalysis, 4 Pi surface examination, Auger electron spectroscopy and Backscattered Microtopography measurement have extended the Scanning Electron Microscope's applications in ICF target development and production.

A Mach-Zehnder interference microscope was automated which quickly characterizes and sorts transparent microspheres. It takes only 12 seconds to measure a 3 micron thick glass microsphere.

A few aspects of QCD are discussed, beginning with a discussion of the ingredients of QCD and their observational basis. A pedagogical treatment of scaling violations is presented and the argument is presented that while entirely consistent with QCD, the phenomenological situation is clouded by the potentially crucial role of higher twist effects in the theory. Some explicit calculations of higher twist effects are presented.