Apparatus is described for rapidly manipulating a hollow glass microsphere laser fusion target and scanning the entire wall with a double pass interference microscope.

Modifications are described to upgrade the neutral-beam power supply for the TMX from 40 kV, 10 ms to 40 kV, 25 ms. The redesign of the accel and suppressor power supplies to achieve separation of the high-voltage and control sections, operation of the arc pulse lines in series, operation of the arc pulse lines in a noisy environment with SCR trigger and crowbar, and modifications to the electrolytic storage banks are discussed.

The 3d4f levels in the spectrum of triply ionized vanadium, V IV, were located by L. Iglesias. She located these levels by identifying transitions from the 3d{sup 2} ground configuration to the 3d4p levels, then to the 3d4d levels and finally to the 3d4f levels. She also identified the transitions from the 3d4d levels to the 3d5p levels, continued up to the 3d5d levels, then back down to the 3d4f levels. Though the 3d4f levels were well established by two routes, the direct transitions from the ground state were not observed, being beyond her experimental range which stopped at 675 {angstrom}. We have photographed the spectrum of vanadium in the region of 190-650 {angstrom} and the direct transitions from 3d{sup 2} to 3d4f have been observed. The spectrum was excited with a vacuum sliding-spark discharge between vanadium metal electrodes separated by a quartz spacer as described previously. Peak discharge current was 1000 {angstrom}. The spectrum was photographed on Kodak SWR plates using the 10 {center_dot} 7 m grazing incidence spectrograph at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C. The plate factor in the region of interest is about 0.27 {angstrom}/mm. The plates were measured on a Grant comparator. Lines …

The laser acceleration of small (mass of order 1 gram) solid particles has been computationally analyzed. Acceleration is caused by a one sided laser illumination of a solid particle producing heating of the material, an ablation wave and the resulting ablative reaction force. Laser intensity is constrained to produce an ablation pressure less than the yield strength of the material (typically a few kbar). Preliminary results indicate the possibility of converting absorbed laser energy to solid density kinetic energy with an efficiency greater than 10 percent. Results of LASNEX calculations and comparison with an analytical model are presented which characterize the physics important to the process.

Four manuals containing methods for the accountability of plutonium nitrate solutions, plutonium dioxide, uranium dioxide and mixed uranium-plutonium oxide have been prepared by us and issued by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. A similar manual on methods for the accountability of uranium and plutonium in reprocessing plant dissolver solutions is now in preparation. In the present paper, we discuss the contents of the previously issued manuals and give a preview of the manual now being prepared.

Although progressive restrictions on the use of fresh water for power plant cooling and the growing use of dry cooling is anticipated in many regions of the country, the transition to this form of cooling will occur slowly unless improved technology leads to lower cost systems. The need for supplemental power during periods of warm weather contribute to the high cost of dry cooling and have led to greater emphasis on combined dry and wet cooling. Experimental and demonstration programs are underway at several locations in the U.S. to develop new systems which will hopefully reduce the cost of dry and wet/dry systems and/or the need for supplemental power. If any of the projected improvements of these advanced systems can be developed to the point of commercial availability, the use of dry cooling would be greatly increased and many of the secondary benefits will be realized. These include greater freedom to take advantage of existing transmission corridors, multiple plants on presently water-limited sites and mine mount sites in water-limited regions. The more promising advanced concepts under study are reviewed and appraised as to their likelihood of having a significant impact on the future use of dry (including dry/wet) cooling.

A comparison matrix decision model is applied to candidates for a D-T ignition tokamak (TNS), including assessment of semi-quantifiable or judgemental factors as well as quantitative ones. The results show that TNS is mission-sensitive with a choice implied between near-term achievability and reactor technology.

The computer control system used on the twelve Neutral Beams of the 2XIIB experiment at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) has evolved over the last three years. It is now in its final form and in regular use. It provides automatic data collection, reduction, and graphics presentation, as well as automatic conditioning, automatic normal operation, and processing of calorimeter data. This paper presents an overview of the capabilities and implementation of the current system, a detailed discussion of the automatic conditioning algorithm, and discusses the future directions for neutral beam automation.

A classic fluid mechanics boundary layer problem, flow over a sharp leading edge flat plate, was used to study the effect of a heated surface on combustion in lean hydrogen-air mixtures. The velocity and density profiles of the boundary layer have been measured with laser Doppler velocimetry and Rayleigh scattering, respectively. Preliminary measurements on a silicon dioxide ''non-catalytic'' surface indicate neither boundary layer nor surface combustion for wall temperatures up to 1250/sup 0/K. Measurements on a platinum catalytic surface indicate that, at a surface temperature of 1000/sup 0/K, not only is there significant surface combustion but that homogeneous combustion in the boundary layer is induced by active species generated at the catalytic surface.

A computer program has been developed to solve the boundary layer equations for laminar flow over a heated plate with H/sub 2//air combustion. The objectives are to investigate the importance of homogeneous as opposed to catalytic surface reactions during the combustion process, and to determine the roles of heat and mass transfer and their effect on combustion. Results are presented for combustion of H/sub 2//air at an equivalence ratio of 0.1 for flow over a noncatalytic plate at a surface temperature of 1100/sup 0/K. A detailed mechanism involving 8 chemical species and 13 reactions has been used to describe the kinetics. The reactions leading to the initiation of combustion and the effect of the large diffusivity of hydrogen are discussed. The boundary conditions for catalytic surface and a simplified model to account for catalytic wall reaction are formulated. Results are presented for combustion over a catalytic surface and compared with the non-catalytic case.

Microcomputers are now capable of serious numerical computation using programmed floating-point arithmetic and Basic compilers. Unless numerical software designers for these machines exploit experience gained in providing software for larger machines, history will repeat with the initial spread of treacherous software. This paper discusses good software, especially for the elementary functions, in terms of reliability and robustness. The emphasis. is on insight rather than detailed algorithms, to show why certain things are important and how they may be achieved.

Estimates of the charged-particle production to be expected at Isabelle are given intended as a rough guide for planning experiments. The limitations of these estimates are set forth. Differential cross sections and luminosity for some inclusive pp interactions are found. (JFP)

The shutdown system for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor (CRBR) includes two independent systems--a primary and a secondary system. The Secondary Control Rod System (SCRS) is a new design which is being developed by General Electric to be independent from the primary system in order to improve overall shutdown reliability by eliminating potential common-mode failures. The paper describes the status of the SCRS design and fabrication and testing activities. Design verification testing on the component level is largely complete. These component tests are covered with emphasis on design impact results. A prototype unit has been manufactured and system level tests in sodium have been initiated.

A number of mechanical and electrical measurements were made on joints in typical conductors for the proposed mirror fusion test facility (MFTF) and high field test facility (HFTF). For such measurements, a commercially available cold-pressure-welding machine was used. For joints in the MFTF conductor, which has a large proportion of superconductor, joint strength approached conductor strength. For the HFTF conductor, where the Cu-to-superconductor ratio is 4.33/1, the joint is stronger than the conductor. Electrically, the joints were not superconducting.. While the resistance is higher than might be achieved by other forms of joining, we feel that the cold-weld joint has the advantages of simplicity, speed, reliability, and reproducibility. This makes the method attractive for MFTF, where resistance losses will be small compared with the total 4 K refrigeration requirements.

A compact and maintainable source of 80-keV neutral beams that focus to a high power density is required for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF). In the new source being designed and built to meet these requirements, the cross-sectional area is reduced in two ways: by immersing the source in a vacuum where high voltage can be held over smaller distances and by redesigning grid supporting structures. Reliability is increased by reducing the electric fields everywhere else below those present between grids and by design innovations. The latter include techniques to reduce stray magnetic field and disperse gas uniformly, all metal-ceramic construction, and a 60-kV shield enclosing all 80-kV electrodes. Wherever possible, we have attempted to simplify the construction. We expect to solve problems that arise during testing either with add-on fixes or with the techniques already tested successfully on the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) 120-keV source. Easy maintenance is obtained by a compact isolation valve and by modular construction. Curving both the grid wires and their holders provides focusing in two planes.

This report addresses a compact poloidal divertor reference design for TNS.

Recent work in the field of probability density estimation has included the introduction of some new methods, such as the polynomial and spline methods and the nearest neighbor method, and the study of asymptotic properties in depth. This earlier work is summarized here. In addition, the computational complexity of the various algorithms is analyzed, as are some simulations. The object is to compare the performance of the various methods in small samples and their sensitivity to change in their parameters, and to attempt to discover at what point a sample is so small that density estimation can no longer be worthwhile. (RWR)

A FORTRAN code for the COsting And Sizing of Tokamaks (COAST) is described. The code was written to conduct detailed analyses on the engineering features of the next tokamak fusion device following TFTR. The ORNL/Westinghouse study of TNS (The Next Step) has involved the investigation of a number of device options, each over a wide range of plasma sizes. A generalized description of TNS is incorporated in the code and includes refined modeling of over forty systems and subsystems. Considerable detailed design and analyses have provided the basis for the thermal, electrical, mechanical, nuclear, chemical, vacuum, and facility engineering of the various subsystems. Currently, the code provides a tool for the systematic comparison of four toroidal field (TF) coil technologies allowing both D-shaped and circular coils. The coil technologies are: (1) copper (both room temperature and liquid-nitrogen cooled), (2) superconducting NbTi, (3) superconducting Nb/sub 3/Sn, and (4) a Cu/NbTi/ hybrid. For the poloidal field (PF) coil systems copper conductors are assumed. The ohmic heating (OH) coils are located within the machine bore and have an air core, while the shaping field (SF) coils are located either within or outside the TF coils. The PF coil self and mutual inductances are …

Some of the computer graphics capabilities at Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories are discussed. Computer graphics philosophy, hardware systems, and software utilized by the Computers and Information Systems Section staff are described in an overview. Subsequent sections detail specific applications of these capabilities to research areas in which Battelle is involved. Use of computer graphics in cartography, decision making, and resource assessment is documented.

It is pointed out that another way to look for the bosons signal for the identification of the W/sup + -/ and the Z/sup 0/ is through decays to hadronic jets. Although the background is a priori large, the jets may have such distinctive features so as to be recognizable. An SU(2) x U(1) gauge theory with six quarks and six leptons all in left-handed doublets and right-handed singlets is considered.

A survey of the effects that can be studied using photoelectron spectrometry is presented, and examples are cited to illustrate the current state of knowledge in this area. 32 refs.

The exact amount of kepone released into the environment since production begin in Hopewell, Virginia, in 1966 is not known. It has been estimated, however, that roughly one hundred thousand pounds of the chemical were released during the period 1966 to 1975 from the Allied Chemical Corporation semi-works plant and the Life Sciences Products Company. This total resulted from the continuous release of kepone-saturated wastewaters, particulate emissions, and bulk disposal of waste batches of the chemical. In April 1977 a study was initiated to determine the feasibility of removing kepone from the James River. One aspect of this research involved a field sampling program designed to establish the extent of kepone deposition in and around the City of Hopewell. Emphasis was placed on identifying specific areas of high kepone concentration which could potentially serve as continuing sources of contamination to the James River system. This paper presents a summary of the data collected during 1977 over five months of the sampling program.

Plutonium is one of the principal materials of both commercial and military nuclear power. It is produced primarily in fission reactors that contain uranium fuel, and its importance arises from the fact that a large portion of the plutonium produced is fissile: like uranium 235, the mass 239 and 241 isotopes of plutonium can be caused to fission by neutrons, including those with low energy. Because such fission events also release neutrons, substantial amounts of energy can be extracted from plutonium in a controlled or an explosive nuclear chain reaction. Now that commercial nuclear reactors provide a noticeable fraction of United States (and world) electrical energy, these reactors account for most plutonium production. For the most part, this material now remains in the irradiated fuel after removal from reactors, but should this fuel be reprocessed, the plutonium could be recycled to provide part and even most of the fissile content of fresh fuel. For the current generation of water-cooled reactors, the amount of plutonium to be recycled is substantial. In fast breeder reactors, designed to produce more fissile material than they destroy, considerably larger quantities of plutonium would be recycled. In other types of advanced reactors, particularly those which depend …

The design and construction of a medical imaging system for the rapid, accurate, three-dimensional imaging of positron-labeled compounds in the human body are described. Our medical research goals include quantifying blood flow and metabolism in human heart muscle and brain. The system consists of a large gantry containing lead shielding and a ring of 280 NaI(Tl) detectors that completely encircles the patient; 280 photomultiplier tubes, preamplifiers and timing discriminators; circuits that determine whenever a crystal has detected a gamma ray in time coincidence (i.e., within 12 nsec) of any of the opposing 105 crystals and determine the addresses of the crystals involved; 120K words of 12 bit memory for the simultaneous acquisition of data from eight portions of the cardiac cycle; and a hardwired image reconstructor capable of filtering and backprojecting data from 140 views to form a 210 x 210 computed transverse section image in less than 2 sec.