Paper reviewing data and papers related to airborne particulates. The paper discusses the likelihood that any increase in particulates is manmade, but does not address possible effects.

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Construction of a large tandem mirror (MFTF-B) will soon begin at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Designed to reach break-even plasma conditions, the facility will significantly advance the physics and technology of magnetic-mirror-based fusion reactors. This paper describes the objectives and the design of the facility.

A new technique of quantitative track counting, the Buffon needle method, is advanced. It is based on random sampling of the solid state track recorder (SSTR) surface. This new method extends quantitative track scanning to track densities well up into the track pile-up regime. It is shown that the Buffon needle method possesses a reduced dependence upon both track density nonuniformity and track size distribution. Sources of experimental error arising in the Buffon needle method are assessed. The validity of the Buffon needle method is demonstrated down to at least the 10% uncertainty level (1sigma) by manual sampling of high fission track density mica SSTR observed with scanning electron microscopy.

A desensitized etching technique has been developed which has resulted in an excellent differential energy response for alpha particles in the energy range 3 to 14 MeV. This response complements the previously reported differential proton and integral alpha energy responses obtained with different etching techniques. Proton recoil track yields and diameter distributions have been measured for CR-39 polymer solid state track recorders which were exposed to monoenergetic neutron sources in the energy range 0.57 to 15.1 MeV using various thicknesses and types of proton radiator materials.

Medium energy scattering theory and the interacting boson model of nuclei (IBM) are combined so that the multiple scattering to intermediate IBM states is summed to all orders. 16 references.

Charged particle spectroscopy using the (t,p) reaction has been employed for more than two decades to study the low-energy structure of nuclei. This reaction has contributed significantly to the elucidation of single-particle and collective phenomena for neutron rich nuclei in virtually every mass region. We have begun to use the (t,p) reaction in conjunctionuclei with in-beam ..gamma..-ray and conversion-electron spectroscopy to bring additional understanding to low-energy nuclear structure. In this report we briefly discuss the experimental considerations in using this reaction for in-beam spectroscopy, and present some results for nuclei with mass near 100.

Fuel ion temperatures for laser-driven, inertial-confinement fusion targets are often determined by neutron time-of-flight (TOF) techniques. The error in the temperature measurement is a minimum at a target-to-detector distance that depends on both target and detector characteristics. The error is dominated by the detector response at shorter distances and by the number of detected neutrons at larger distances. We develop equations that relate the temperature error to the target ion temperature, the number of neutrons detected, target-to-detector distance, and the detector impulse response; and present sample calculations of the error for D-D and D-T plasmas observed by typical Nova neutron TOF detectors. The detector placement is important for minimizing temperature error for target yield below 10{sup 10} neutrons. 4 refs., 2 figs.

Fuel ion temperatures have been deduced for a series of implosions of DT-filled capsules by measuring the thermally broadened neutron time-of-flight signals at 10 m and at 20 m from the target. Typical temperatures were around 1 keV, and the corresponding thermal broadening was comparable to or less than the time response of the detectors. Under these conditions, error minimization is crucial, and we find that the location of the detector and the analysis technique are important. An optimum location exits, but is very sensitive to the yield of the implosion and to the detector response. 5 refs., 3 figs.

The ETAII linear induction accelerator (6MeV, 3kA, 70ns) is designed to drive a microwave free electron laser (FEL) and demonstrate the front end accelerator technology for a shorter wavelength FEL. Performance to date has been limited by beam corkscrew motion that is driven by energy sweep and misalignment of the solenoidal focusing magnets. Modifications to the pulse power distribution system and magnetic alignment are expected to reduce the radius of corkscrew motion from its present value of 1 cm to less than 1 mm. The modifications have so far been carried out on the first 2.7 MeV (injector plus 20 accelerator cells) and experiments are beginning. In this paper we will present calculations of central flux line alignment, beam corkscrew motion and beam brightness that are anticipated with the modified ETAII. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

This was a status report on Fermilab experiment E-760 -- an experiment to study charmonium states by resonant formation in proton-antiproton annihilation. The experiment uses antiprotons circulating in the Fermilab antiproton-accumulator as the beam and an internal hydrogen gas-jet as the target. Data taking with the full complement of apparatus started in early July 1990.

The AMOS Wakefield Code is used to calculate the impedances of the induction cell used in the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) at Livermore. We present the wakefields and impedances for multipoles m = 0, 1 and 2. The ATA cell is calculated to have a maximum transverse impedance of approximately 1000 {Omega}/m at 875 MHz with a quality factor Q = 5. The sensitivity of the impedance spectra to modeling variations is discussed.

Electrochemical destruction of organics to carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts using the silver(II) ion as an oxidizer has been demonstrated at the Savannah River Site (SRS) on a laboratory scale. An engineering-scale facility has been constructed at SRS for a process demonstration of the technology using benzene. Organic destruction rates, cell efficiencies and off gas generation will be related to key process variables. Electrocell design, peripheral support equipment, engineering considerations, safety issues, and operating parameters will be discussed. Future test plans and the impact of early results on the direction of the organics destruction program at SRS will also be addressed.

Electrochemical destruction of organics to carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts using the silver(II) ion as an oxidizer has been demonstrated at the Savannah River Site (SRS) on a laboratory scale. An engineering-scale facility has been constructed at SRS for a process demonstration of the technology using benzene. Organic destruction rates, cell efficiencies and off gas generation will be related to key process variables. Electrocell design, peripheral support equipment, engineering considerations, safety issues, and operating parameters will be discussed. Future test plans and the impact of early results on the direction of the organics destruction program at SRS will also be addressed.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is evaluating the physics and technology of recirculating induction accelerators for heavy-ion inertial-fusion drivers. As part of this evaluation, the authors are building a small-scale recirculator to demonstrate the concept and to use as a test bed for the development of recirculator technologies. System designs have been completed and components are presently being designed and developed for the small-scale recirculator. This paper discusses results of the design and development activities that are presently being conducted to implement the small-scale recirculator experiments. An, overview of the system design is presented along with a discussion of the implications of this design on the mechanical and electrical hardware. The paper focuses primarily on discussions of the development and design of the half-lattice period hardware and the advanced solid-state modulator.

Biological properties of relevance when modeling cancers induced in the atom bomb survivors include the wide distribution of the induced cancers across all organs, their biological indistinguishability from background cancers, their rates being proportional to background cancer rates, their rates steadily increasing over at least 50 years as the survivors age, and their radiation dose response being linear. We have successfully described this array of properties with a modified Armitage-Doll model using 5 to 6 somatic mutations, no intermediate growth, and the dose-related replacement of any one of these time-driven mutations by a radiation-induced mutation. Such a model is contrasted to prevailing models that use fewer mutations combined with intervening growth. While the rationale and effectiveness of our model is compelling for carcinogenesis in the atom bomb survivors, the lack of a promotional component may limit the generality of the model for other types of human carcinogenesis.

Significant investigations in the area of scrape-off layer (SOL) turbulence theory and simulations are reviewed. The review begins with description and derivation of the various models investigating specific linear modes as well as a discussion of the region of validity. Special attention is focused on various low-frequency electromagnetic drift-types modes in an x-point divertor geometry, which are generally believed to be relevant under normal operating conditions for current and future large fusion devices. Benchmarks of linear ballooning codes with nonlinear 3D fluid code will be given. The anomalous transport from simulations and mixing length estimates are discussed` and a summary of relevant experimental results as well as empirical values in the transport codes are given. Studies of mechanisms for the L-H transition due to turbulent transport in the SOL and its impact on the the H-mode power threshold are also surveyed.

We present here results of our study of the 5-m-long AC transmission tine model with 1 kA current capability at 77 K. Primary attention was paid to the current characteristics and AC losses in individual tapes and in the core of the cable. The losses were measured as a function of AC magnetic field amplitude in various orientations of magnetic field with respect to the plane of the tape and filaments. Hysteresis losses were. close to the losses in the AC regime, meaning that eddy current losses in tapes may be neglected when compared with hysteresis losses. We designed and constructed a 5-m-long model of the AC transmission line using multi filamentary Bi-2223 tapes. The current core of the model contains 120 tapes for the forward line and 120 tapes for the backward line. The AC losses in the current core were substantially greater than those seen in the individual tapes. The reason for this is related to a complex magnetic field distribution inside the current core.

Powder-in-tube (PIT) processing was used to fabricate multifilamentary Ag-clad Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} (Bi-2223) superconductors for various electric power applications. Enhancements in the transport current properties of long lengths of multifilament tapes were achieved by increasing the packing density of the precursor powder, improving the mechanical deformation, and adjusting the cooling rate. The dependence of the critical current density on magnetic field and temperature for the optimally processed tapes was measured. J{sub c} was greater than 10{sup 4} (A/cm{sup 2}) at 20 K for magnetic field up to 3 T and parallel to the c-axis which is of interest for use in refrigerator coded magnets. An attempt was made to combine the good alignment of Bi-2223 grains in Ag-sheathed superconducting tapes to obtain high J{sub c} values at high temperature and low field, and good intrinsic pinning of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}d} (Y-123) thin film to maintain high J{sub c} values in high fields. A new composite multifilament tape was fabricated such that the central part contained Bi-2223 filaments, with the primary function of conducting the transport current. The central Bi-2223 filaments were surrounded by Y-123 thin film to shield the applied magnetic field and protect the Bi-2223 …

The ANN-GA approach to design optimization integrates two well-known computational technologies, artificial neural networks (AN%) and the genetic algorithm (GA), with a simple scheme for exploiting a network of common workstations to reduce the computational burden associated with applying formal optimization techniques to subsurface engineering problems. The greatest computational investment in a design project of the kind which will be described in this paper is in the simulation of physical processes needed to calculate the cost function. The ANN-GA methodology addresses this problem by training ANNs to stand in for the simulator during the course of a search directed by the GA. The ANNs are trained and tested from examples stored in a reusable knowledge base of representative simulations which relate variations in the design parameters to predicted outcomes for the particular engineering problem being studied. The maximum amount of information from each simulation is saved, subject to storage limitations. The creation of the knowledge base is itself a sizeable computational investment, one that pays off if it is used to train a variety of networks for different searches and/or for use in other contexts such as sensitivity analyses. A diagram of the components of the methodology is given in …

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The CDF experiment has performed several measurements in the area of beauty and charm physics with the data collected during the Run I of the Tevatron. The experiment is now ready to collect new data at higher luminosity with a substantially improved detector. We discuss these improvements and the future measurements in this area of physics accessible after the first few years of data taking. These include the measurement of the mixing frequency of B{sub s} mesons and that of CP violation effects in the B{sub 0} sector.

A ''Holy Grail'' of NDE research is a non-destructive method for measuring fatigue damage prior to crack initiation. High-Tc scanning SQUID microscopy may be a useful tool. Because of the exceptional magnetic sensitivity of this technique, fatigue damage can be detected well before microcrack initiation, and in the absence of other obvious microstructure or property changes. Given the spatial resolution of the technique, undamaged material can be located and used to set internal standards.