Branched alkanes from blue-green algae were separated on a 750 feet high resolution capillary gas chromatographic column. The mixture was found to be 90% of 1:1 ratio 7-methyl, and 8-methyl-heptadecane, and 10% of 6-methylheptadecane. An optical rotation of +2.5 {+-} 0.5 was obtained on a 5 mg of mixture.

An equilibrium theory of the length of intense electron bunches circulating in a storage ring is presented. The consequence of electrical interaction with various resonant structures is expressed in terms of quadratures over the impedance of the structures, and impedance functions for a variety of elements are evaluated. It is shown that elements having resonances at high frequency can, above transition, cause bunches to increase in length with increasing current. The parametric dependence of the bunch lengthening is found to be in good agreement with observations, and numerical estimates, which are in substantial agreement with experiment, are presented.

The carcinogenic activity of the benzo[a]pyrene 1, the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene 2 and the 3-methylcholanthrene 3 is suggested to be determine by the electrophilic attack of the active oxygen, induced by the hydroxylating enzyme systems, on the most reactive substituting carbon atom(s). The cationic intermediate(s) with the charge mainly localized on a complementary, interrelated position(s) of the hydroxyl substituted position(s) reacts further with the cellular nucleophiles. The electrophilic nature of the ultimate chemical carcinogens constitutes the common distinctive feature that correlates their different structures and allows us to understand their carcinogenicity. The formation of a covalent bond with the nucleophiles of the biological macromolecules, nucleic acids and proteins, appears to be the essential requirement in the primary process of carcinogenesis.

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The procaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms Anacystis nidulans, Nostoc and Rhodospirillum rubrum have cell walls and membranes that are resistant to the solution of methane in their lipid components and intracellular fluids. But Anacystis nidulans, possesses a limited bioxidant system, a portion of which may be extracellularly secreted, which rapidly oxidizes methane to carbon dioxide. Small C{sup 14} activities derived from CH{sub 4} in excess of experimental error are detected in all the major biochemical fractions of Anacystis nidulans and Nostoc. This limited capacity to metabolize methane appears to be a vestigial potentiality that originated over two billion years ago in the early evolution of photosynthetic bacteria and blue-green algae.

Irradiation of benzo[a]pyrene 1 with 1-methylcytosine hydrochloride 2a (molar ratio 1:10) at 3500 {angstrom} in methanol-acetone produces the 6-(1-methylcytos-5-yl)-benzo[pa]pyrene 3. The structure of the photoproduct shows the hydrocarbon bound through the most active 6-carbon atom to the nucleophilic 5-position of the base. The specific substitution of both moieties combined with other data allows them to understand the carcinogenic activity of the hydrocarbon and thereby to propose a possible mechanism of their linkage in vivo. In this model, the K region does not play a role in triggering the cancer process.

A feasibility study was performed on encapsulated thulium-170 as an isotopic fuel for operation at temperatures to 1500/sup 0/C for 180 days. Effects of various combinations of fueled capsule design parameters were evaluated and compard to experimental data. A computer program was developed to predict dose rates through various thicknesses of aluminum, stainless steel, lead, tungsten and depleted uranium absorbers using thermoluminescent dosimetry techniques for experimental corroboration. A procedure for preparing Tm/sub 2/O/sub 3//Yb/sub 2/O/sub 3/ composites was evaluated. Melting points and solid-state transformations to the melting point of a composition series 100% Tm/sub 2/O/sub 3/ - 100% Yb/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were determined. The Tm/sub 2/O/sub 3/ - 100% Yb/sub 2/O/sub 3/ system remains cubic to the melting point. Solid-state reaction of candidate containment materials (Hastelloy X, Hastelloy C-276, Haynes-25, T-111, TZM, tungsten and zirconium) with Tm/sub 2/O/sub 3//Yb/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were studied. Containment for times to 10,000 hours at 1600/sup 0/C and to 500 hours at 2000/sup 0/C were demonstrated.

The EPR spectrum of single ions of /sup 143/Nd in a crystal of Neodymium Ethyl Sulfate, predominantly of isotope /sup 142/Nd, was observed under condition of very high Boltzmann factor, i.e., high fields and low temperatures. It was found that the interactions with neighboring ions displaced the hyperfine lines from uniform spacing, and that by measuring the deviation it was possible to find the nearest neighbor interaction. The departure from a purely magnetic dipolar interaction is smaller than previous measurements would indicate. It was found that EPR resonance at large values of H/T in magnetically concentrated crystals can yield accurate values of spin-spin interactions.

This is the 19th Annual Report of the Biology Department.

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An air-operated semiautomatic wire former was designed and built at Mound Laboratory to form specific types of electrodes to be molded in plastic parts. Use of the semiautomatic wire former eliminates the sliding action of tooling on the surface of the electrode wire to be formed and properly aligns the crimped electrode surfaces to within required tolerance ranges. These are difficulties which are characteristic of conventional wire forming tooling. Interchangeable tooling is provided with the semiautomatic wire former for forming electrode wires in one plane; secondary tooling was designed and bulit for forming electrode wires in two planes; and a special series of tooling was designed for forming more complex wire forms.

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This report was prepared by Battelle-Northwest under Contract No. AT (45-1) -1830 for the Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Reactor Development and Technology, to summarize technical progress made in the Fast Flux Test Facility Program during March, April , May and June 1970.

The relationship of thermal discharges from operating Hanford reactors to food and feeding of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the central Columbia River, Washington was studied in 1968 and 1969. The primary objectives were to (1) evaluate the food composition and feeding activities of the fish and (2) determine if heated effluents influenced their welfare. Environmental conditions (seasonal changes in river temperatures and flow volumes) in relation to thermal requirements of young chinook are detailed. Data on food organisms utilized by the fish in 1968 and 1969 are presented, whereas analyses for possible thermal effects are based on the more extensive 1969 data. No consistent differences attributable to thermal increments were evident. The lack of detectable effects apparently results from the fact that the main discharge plumes occur in midriver and the effluents are well mixed before reaching inshore feeding areas. The transient nature of fish at each sampling site and the availability of food organisms in the river drift are ecological factors affecting critical thermal evaluation.