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Molten salt freeze seal. Final report
This report documents the results of the testing performed at Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, on the applicability of a sodium freeze seal type valve stem in a molten salt environment. The freeze seal tests consisted of cycling the valve stem at set temperature intervals, checking the temperature distribution for freeze plug location, and verifying the actuator forces. In addition to the test results, this report also documents the engineering analysis and other tasks performed before testing to form a basis for predicted test conditions and recommendations for the test program.
Date:
August 1, 1985
Creator:
Corugedo, J.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of environmental issues related to small scale hydroelectric development. II. Design considerations for passing fish upstream around dams. Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 1567
The possible requirement of facilities to move migrating fish upstream around dams may be a factor in determining the feasibility of retrofitting small dams for hydroelectric generation. Basic design considerations are reported that should be evaluated on a site-specific basis if upstream fish passage facilities are being considered for a small scale hydroelectric project (defined as an existing dam that can be retrofitted to generate 25 MW or less). Information on general life history and geographic distribution of fish species that may require passage is presented. Biological factors important in the design of upstream passage facilities are discussed: gas bubble disease, fish swimming speed, oxygen consumption by fish, and diel and photo behavior. Three general types of facilities (fishways, fish locks, and fish lifts) appropriate for upstream fish passage at small scale hydroelectric projects are described, and size dimensions are presented. General design criteria for these facilities (including fish swimming ability and behavior) and general location of facilities at a site are discussed. Basic cost considerations for each type of passage facility, including unit cost, operation and maintenance costs, and costs for supplying attraction water, are indicated.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Hildebrand, S.G. (ed.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC PINCH EFFECT FOR SPACE PROPULSION
The phenomenon of the electromagnetic pinch effect is used to accelerate ionized gases for space propulsion. Electrical energy, initially stored in capacitors, is discharged across two nozzle shaped electrodes wherein the radial pinch is converted to axial motion of the effected gases instead of confinement at the axis. The gas dynamics of a pinch using the hydrodynamical model of a msgnetic piston driving a shock wave is combined with the electrodynamics of the circuit to calculate the discharge behavior. Experiments on three different electrode designs are discussed and results compared with calculated values. Results are applied to one particular space propulsion system consisting of a nuclear energy source, a space radiator, a turbine-generator, capacitor, and a pinch tube. The specific mission analyzed is a one-way unmanned flight to a Mars orbit, starting from an Earth orbit. (auth)
Date:
August 1, 1959
Creator:
Kunen, A.E. & McIlroy, W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fluidized-Bed Waste-Heat Recovery System development. Semiannual report, February 1-July 31, 1982
The Fluidized-Bed Waste-Heat Recovery (FBWHR) System is designed to preheat this combustion air using the heat available in dirty flue gas streams. In this system, a recirculating medium is heated by the flue gas in a fluidized bed. The hot medium is then removed from the bed and placed in a second fluidized bed where it is fluidized by the combustion air. Through this process, the combustion air is heated. The cooled medium is then returned to the first bed. Initial development of this concept is for the aluminum smelting industry.
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Cole, W. E.; DeSaro, R.; Griffith, J. & Joshi, C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Orientation study of the Lake Sunapee area, New Hampshire. National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program
An orientation study was conducted in the area of Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire, in preparation for a hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance in glacial terrain. The study was carried out by the Savannah River Laboratory as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE). Ground water, lake water, stream water, lake sediment, and stream sediment samples were collected at 188 sites. The concentrations of uranium and other elements were determined by neutron activation analysis. This report is issued in draft form, without detailed technical and copy editing. This was done to make the report available to the public before the end of the NURE program.
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Karfunkel, B. S. & Sargent, K. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low enrichment fuel conversion for Iowa State University
Work during the reported period was centered primarily in preparation for receiving the LEU fuel and the shipping of the HEU fuel. This included development of procedures and tools for the disassembly process. During the period we held many practice sessions applying these tools and practices to a dummy fuel assembly. The LEU fuel was received on April 10, 1991 and the reactor was shut down on May 3, 1991 for refueling. The twelve HEU fuel assemblies in the UTR-10 reactor core were removed and disassembled during the week of May 6--9, 1991. The disassembly process went smoothly with only a few minor problems. Also during this reporting period several experimental measurements and preventative maintenance tasks were accomplished. Finally procedures and practices have been developed for the new LEU fuel loading and critical experiments which are to be completed during the late summer of 1991.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Rohach, A.F. & Hendrickson, R.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fabrication and characterization of MCC approved testing material: ATM-11 glass
ATM-11 glass is designed to be representative of defense high-level waste glasses that will be produced by the Defense Waste Processing Facility at the Savannah River Plant in Aiken, South Carolina. It is representative of a 300-year-old nuclear waste glass and was intended as a conservative compromise between 10-year-old waste and 1000-year-old waste. The feedstock material for this glass was supplied by Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, SC, as SRL-165 black frit to which was added Ba, Cs, Mo, Nd, Ni, Pd, Rb, Ru, Sr, Te, Y, and Zr, as well as /sup 241/Am, /sup 237/Np, /sup 239+240/Pu, /sup 151/Sm, /sup 99/Tc, and depleted U. The glass was melted under the reducing conditions that resulted from the addition of 0.7 wt% graphite during the final melting process. Nearly 3 kg of ATM-11 glass were produced from a feedstock melted in a nitrogen-atmosphere glove box at 1250/sup 0/C in Denver Fire Clay crucibles. After final melting, the glass was formed into stress-annealed rectangular bars 1.9 x 1.9 x 10 cm nominal size. Twenty-six bars were cast with a nominal weight of about 100 g each. The analyzed composition of ATM-11 glass is tabulated. Examination of a single transverse section from one bar …
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Wald, J. W. & Daniel, J. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solar heating system at Security State Bank, Starkville, Mississippi. Final report
Information is provided on the Solar Energy Heating System (airtype) installed at the branch bank building, northwest corner of Highway 12 and Spring Street, Starkville, Mississippi. This installation was completed in June, 1979. The 312 square feet of Solaron flat plate air collectors provide for 788 square feet of space heating, an estimated 55 percent of the heating load. Solar heated air is distributed to the 96 cubic foot steel cylinder, which contains two inch diameter rocks. An air handler unit moves the air over the collector and into the steel cylinder. Four motorized dampers and two gravity dampers are also part of the system. A Solaron controller which has sensors located at the collectors, rock storage, and at the return air, automatically controls the system. Auxiliary heating energy is provided by electric resistance duct heaters. This project is part of the US Department of Energy's Solar Demonstration Program with the government sharing $14,201 of the $17,498 solar energy system installation cost. This system was acceptance tested February, 1980, and the demonstration period ends in 1985.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
X-Ray Diffraction Study of Cs$sub 3$ZrF$sub 7$
None
Date:
August 1, 1962
Creator:
Robbins, G. D. & Burns, J. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gauge invariant description of heavy quark bound states in quantum chromodynamics
A model for a heavy quark meson is proposed in the framework of a gauge-invariant version of quantum chromodynamics. The field operators in this formulation are taken to be Wilson loops and strings with quark-antiquark ends. The fundamental differential equations of point-like Q.C.D. are expressed as variational equations of the extended loops and strings. The 1/N expansion is described, and it is assumed that nonleading effects such as intermediate quark pairs and nonplanar gluonic terms can be neglected. The action of the Hamiltonian in the A/sub 0/ = 0 gauge on a string operator is derived. A trial meson wave functional is constructed consisting of a path-averaged string operator applied to the full vacuum. A Gaussian in the derivative of the path location is assumed for the minimal form of the measure over paths. A variational parameter is incorporated in the measure as the exponentiated coefficient of the squared path location. The expectation value of the Hamiltonian in the trial state is evaluated for the assumption that the negative logarithm of the expectation value of a Wilson loop is proportional to the loop area. The energy is then minimized by deriving the equivalent quantum mechanical Schroedinger's equation and using the …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Moore, S. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advances in materials science, Metals and Ceramics Division. Triannual progress report, February-May 1980
Research is reported in the magnetic fusion energy and laser fusion energy programs, aluminium-air battery and vehicle research, geothermal research, nuclear waste management, basic energy science, and chemistry and materials science. (FS)
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Truhan, J.J. & Gordon, K.M. (eds.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Expected environments in high-level nuclear waste and spent fuel repositories in salt
The purpose of this report is to describe the expected environments associated with high-level waste (HLW) and spent fuel (SF) repositories in salt formations. These environments include the thermal, fluid, pressure, brine chemistry, and radiation fields predicted for the repository conceptual designs. In this study, it is assumed that the repository will be a room and pillar mine in a rock-salt formation, with the disposal horizon located approx. 2000 ft (610 m) below the surface of the earth. Canistered waste packages containing HLW in a solid matrix or SF elements are emplaced in vertical holes in the floor of the rooms. The emplacement holes are backfilled with crushed salt or other material and sealed at some later time. Sensitivity studies are presented to show the effect of changing the areal heat load, the canister heat load, the barrier material and thickness, ventilation of the storage room, and adding a second row to the emplacement configuration. The calculated thermal environment is used as input for brine migration calculations. The vapor and gas pressure will gradually attain the lithostatic pressure in a sealed repository. In the unlikely event that an emplacement hole will become sealed in relatively early years, the vapor space …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Claiborne, H.C. & Rickertsen, L.D., Graham, R.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of aluminum corrosion in aluminum solar heat collectors using aqueous glycol solution for heat transfer. Annual technical progress report, July 30, 1979-July 31, 1980
The effects of glycol aging at elevated temperatures over long periods of time were studied and the zinc powder protective technique was optimized. Glycols are known to gradually decompose into organic acids at high temperatures. These product species may be aggressive to aluminum in the long run. In addition, corrosion inhibitors may also breakdown due to continuous exposure to high temperatures. As for the zinc powder protective technique, efforts have been made to determine the optimal conditions under which aluminum solar collector panels can be protected most effectively and economically. Both uninhibited and inhibited ethylene as well as propyleneglycols have been aged at three different temperatures (100, 140, and 190/sup 0/C) for 6000 hours continuously. Aliquot samples were taken at 1000 hour intervals for pH measurement and chemical analysis. Results showed that in most cases solution pH dropped sharply during the first 1000 hours of exposure and gradually decreased at a slower pace as the aging process progressed. It was also noted that higher temperatures appeared to hasten this pH shift. The corrosiveness of these aged glycol solutions towards aluminum was determined based on laboratory corrosion tests. The critical pitting potential (E/sub p/) of aluminum in chloride-ion containing aqueous glycol …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Wong, D. & Cocks, F.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental results of direct containment heating by high-pressure melt ejection into the Surtsey vessel: The DCH-3 and DCH-4 tests
Two experiments, DCH-3 and DCH-4, were performed at the Surtsey test facility to investigate phenomena associated with a high-pressure melt ejection (HPME) reactor accident sequence resulting in direct containment heating (DCH). These experiments were performed using the same experimental apparatus with identical initial conditions, except that the Surtsey test vessel contained air in DCH-3 and argon in DCH-4. Inerting the vessel with argon eliminated chemical reactions between metallic debris and oxygen. Thus, a comparison of the pressure response in DCH-3 and DCH-4 gave an indication of the DCH contribution due to metal/oxygen reactions. 44 refs., 110 figs., 43 tabs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Allen, M.D.; Pilch, M.; Brockmann, J.E.; Tarbell, W.W. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)); Nichols, R.T. (Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States)) & Sweet, D.W. (AEA Technology, Winfrith (United Kingdom))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sediment and radionuclide transport in rivers. Phase 3. Field sampling program for Cattaraugus and Buttermilk Creeks, New York
A field sampling program was conducted on Cattaraugus and Buttermilk Creeks, New York during April 1979 to investigate the transport of radionuclides in surface waters as part of a continuing program to provide data for application and verification of Pacific Northwest Laboratory's (PNL) sediment and radionuclide transport model, SERATRA. Bed sediment, suspended sediment and water samples were collected during unsteady flow conditions over a 45 mile reach of stream channel. Radiological analysis of these samples included gamma ray spectrometry analysis, and radiochemical separation and analysis of Sr-90, Pu-238, Pu-239, 240, Am-241 and Cm-244. Tritium analysis was also performed on water samples. Based on the evaluation of radionuclide levels in Cattaraugus and Buttermilk Creeks, the Nuclear Fuel Services facility at West Valley, New York, may be the source of Cs-137, Sr-90, Cs-134, Co-60, Pu-238, Pu-239, 240, Am-241, Cm-244 and tritium found in the bed sediment, suspended sediment and water of Buttermilk and Cattaraugus Creeks. This field sampling effort was the last of a three phase program to collect hydrologic and radiologic data at different flow conditions.
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Ecker, R. M.; Walters, W. H. & Onishi, Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Flux Isotope Reactor. Quarterly report, October, November, and December 1979
Routine reactor operation with four end-of-cycle shutdowns and one scheduled midcycle shutdown resulted in an on-stream time of 93.6% for the quarter. This gave the HFIR an on-stream time for the year of 91.3%. The outer control plates were replaced, and the annual core components inspection was made.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Corbett, B.L. & Poteet, K.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MALAPROP user's guide. [For simulating laser light propagation, for CDC7600]
MALAPROP is a CDC 7600 computer program able to simulate laser light propagation through a variety of regions. The primary program task is the integration of the partial differential equation 2in/sub 0/k/sub 0/(partial delta/partial delta z) - g(z)) psi + nabla/sup 2/ psi + 2n/sub 0//sup 2/k/sub 0//sup 2/(n/sub 2//n/sub 0/) (mod psi)/sup 2/ psi = 0 for propagation of a light beam represented by the complex array psi. This equation is computationally integrated for regions with or without gain (g(z)) and for any indices of refraction (n0,n2). In addition, the beam may be spatially filtered or relayed (using FFT methods), expanded or split or passed through an aperture (followed by a no-gain propagation region with a nonlinear index of refraction = 0). Relative amplitude or phase noise may be added to the beam at selected surfaces. Two versions exist allowing for one or two beam dimensions: one space dimension (x; propagation in z) (with saturation) and two space dimensions (x,y; propagation in z) ( without saturation). Optional output includes intensity/phase information (plots and printout), power spectral density information, computed B integral, and saturation information. Initial beam configuration is essentially limited only by array sizes. 2 tables.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Warren, W. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design, fabricate and test a complete laboratory scale coal feeder injector system. Phase III. Final report, 30 April 1980
This report summarizes the results of the Phase III of the Coal Feeder Development Program carried out by Foster-Miller Associates, Inc., for the US Department of Energy. During Phase III development was continued on two feeder concepts which had demonstrated the most promise in Phase II. These included: the Linear Pocket Feeder (LPF) and the Centrifugal Feeder. As a part of the feeder development work, a new feeder test facility was developed with seven times the capacity of the test facilities used in the previous phase. The LPF prototype was subjected to a continuing cycle of test, evaluation, redesign, and retest. Total feeder operating time reached 345 h. Solutions to all reliability problems identified to date have been developed. Development of a second generation pilot scale prototype is recommended. The 200 lb/in/sup 2/ centrifugal feeder developed in Phase II was modified and used to develop design data for a second generation centrifugal feeder prototype. This prototype was designed to operate at backpressures to 500 psig and feed rates of 3 to 5 tons/h. Testing of the feeder was terminated after 6 weeks to conserve funds for the LPF development work. The 500 lb/in/sup 2/ feeder prototype represents a substantial advance …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Harding, J. C.; Hannoosh, J. & Chandrasekhar, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Techniques of analyzing the impacts of certain electric-utility ratemaking and regulatory-policy concepts. Bibliography
This bibliography provides documentation for use by state public utility commissions and major nonregulated utilities in evaluating the applicability of a wide range of electric utility rate design and regulatory concepts in light of certain regulatory objectives. Part I, Utility Regulatory Objectives, contains 2084 citations on conservation of energy and capital; efficient use of facilities and resources; and equitable rates to electricity consumers. Part II, Rate Design Concepts, contains 1238 citations on time-of-day rates; seasonally-varying rates; cost-of-service rates; interruptible rates (including the accompanying use of load management techniques); declining block rates; and lifeline rates. Part III, Regulatory Concepts, contains 1282 references on restrictions on master metering; procedures for review of automatic adjustment clauses; prohibitions of rate or regulatory discrimination against solar, wind, or other small energy systems; treatment of advertising expenses; and procedures to protect ratepayers from abrupt termination of service.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TRAC L reactor model: Geometry review and benchmarking
The analysis of the Design Basis Loss of Coolant Acident (LOCA) for Savannah River Site (SRS) reactors involves the best estimate reactor system thermal-hydraulics code TRAC-PFI/MOD1. Power levels for the L-3.1 and P-10.2 subcycles were determined based, in part, on TRAC analyses of the first few seconds of a plenum inlet break LOCA. The TRAC code is currently being used to analyze reactor system response for the Double Ended Guillotine Break (DEGB) LOCA, the Expansion Joint Bellows Break LOCA, the Loss of Pumping Accident (LOPA), and the Pump Shaft Break event. Currently, the DEGB LOCA analysis is performed with TRAC only for the flow instability (FI) phase of the accident. This analysis provides input to the determination of operating power limits for the K-14.1 subcycle.
Date:
August 1, 1990
Creator:
Griggs, D.P. (Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (United States)) & Cozzuol, J.M. (Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (United States))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF LiCuCl$sub 3$ /center dot/ 2H$sub 2$O
None
Date:
August 1, 1960
Creator:
Vossos, P. H.; Fitzwater, D. R. & Rundle, R. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Some properties of the log-Laplace distribution
A random variable ..gamma.. is said to have the Laplace distribution or the double exponential distribution whenever its probability density function is given by lambda exp(-lambda absolute value (y)), where -infinity < y < infinity and lambda > 0. The random variable X = exp(..gamma..) is said to have the log-Laplace distribution. With the problem of extrapolation to low doses in dose response curves as a motivation, an axiomatic characterization of the log-Laplace distribution is obtained. 1 figure.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Uppuluri, V.R.R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emergency fuels utilization guidebook. Alternative Fuels Utilization Program
The basic concept of an emergency fuel is to safely and effectively use blends of specification fuels and hydrocarbon liquids which are free in the sense that they have been commandeered or volunteered from lower priority uses to provide critical transportation services for short-duration emergencies on the order of weeks, or perhaps months. A wide variety of liquid hydrocarbons not normally used as fuels for internal combustion engines have been categorized generically, including limited information on physical characteristics and chemical composition which might prove useful and instructive to fleet operators. Fuels covered are: gasoline and diesel fuel; alcohols; solvents; jet fuels; kerosene; heating oils; residual fuels; crude oils; vegetable oils; gaseous fuels.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Creep healing of fractures in rock salt
Fracture and healing experiments were performed on specimens of bedded salt from the Salado formation, southeastern New Mexico. Short rod specimens (100 mm in diameter) were loaded to failure in tension. During each test, a crack was initiated along the axis of the specimen. The fracture toughness of the salt was determined from the resulting load-crack opening displacement record. After the test, each specimen was pieced back together, jacketed and placed in a pressure vessel under hydrostatic pressure for several days. The confining pressure (10 to 35 MPa), temperature (22 to 100/sup 0/C) and healing time (4 to 8 days) were varied to determine the effect of each on the healing process. Upon removal from the pressure vessel, each sample was retested and the toughness of the healed fracture was determined. Results show that the salt specimens regained 70 to 80% of their original strength under all conditions except at the lowest temperature and pressure where specimens regained only 20 to 30% of their original strength. It is suspected that the primary mechanism involved is creep of asperities along the fracture surface which forms an interlocking network. Thus, the healing pressure is probably the most significant variable.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Costin, L. S. & Wawersik, W. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library