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Field Study of Disposed Solid Wastes From Advanced Coal Processes Progress Report
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Evaluation of environmental data relating to selected nuclear power plant sites: the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station Site
Environmental monitoring data for the years 1973 and 1974 pertaining to the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station Unit 1, which began operation in early 1974, were analyzed by the most practical qualitative and quantitative methods. Terrestrial biotic resources were considered for this plant. The effects of the operation of Unit 1 on the local terrestrial organisms were found to be undetectable. Although the plant has not operated long enough to reveal long-term deleterious effects, the present indications do not lead to a concerned prediction that any are developing. The data acquired, method of analysis, and results obtained are presented in detail along with recommendations for improving monitoring techniques.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Murarka, I. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility study for the computerized automation of the Annapolis Field Office of EPA region III
This report describes a feasibility study for computerized automation of the Annapolis Field Office (AFO) of EPA's Region III. The AFO laboratory provides analytical support for a number of EPA divisions; its primary function at present is analysis of water samples from rivers, estuaries, and the ocean in the Chesapeake Bay area. Automation of the AFO laboratory is found to be not only feasible but also highly desirable. An automation system is proposed which will give major improvements in analytical capacity, quality control, sample management, and reporting capabilities. This system is similar to the LLL-developed automation systems already installed at other EPA laboratories, with modifications specific to the needs of the AFO laboratory and the addition of sample file control. It is estimated that the initial cost of the system, nearly $300,000, would be recouped in about three years by virtue of the increased capacity and efficiency of operation.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Ames, H. S.; Barton, G. W. Jr.; Bystroff, R. I.; Crawford, R. W.; Kray, A. M. & Maples, M. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalog of known hot springs and thermal place names for Honduras
Thermal place names were compiled from all 1:50,000 topographic quadrangle maps for the Republic of Honduras as of July 1986, from other published maps, and from several sources of unpublished data. Known hot spring sites include those visited by Empresa Nacional de Energia Electrica (Honduras) geologists, sites visited by Los Alamos geologists in 1985, and other sites known to R.C. Finch. The number of known hot spring sites in Honduras with temperatures >30/sup 0/C is 125. In addition, 56 thermal sites are suspected on the basis of thermal place names. The total number of geothermal sites, known and suspected, is 181.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Finch, R. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy use and distribution in the pulp paper and boardmaking industries
The Pulp, Paper and Boardmaking Industries (PPBI) are major energy consumers in the U.S. economy, ranking fourth among all industry groups in this respect. Including the consumption of waste streams generated within the industry's manufacturing processes, the overall energy consumption in 1972 was 2.2 x 10/sup 15/ Btu (2.2 quads or 2.3 x 10/sup 18/ joules). Energy consumption is almost equally distributed between pulpmaking and recovery or regeneration of pulping chemicals, on the one hand, and pulp drying, papermaking and boardmaking, on the other. The impact of proposed near-term pollution abatement regulations upon the industry's overall energy consumption is expected to be modest, with additional energy use for discharge control to both air and water aggregating less than 5%. Zero Pollution Discharge (ZPD) regulations could nearly double the energy requirements per ton of product however, due mainly to liquid effluent treatment requirements. The energy savings predicted by the industry, assuming that ZPD is not required, is approximately 10% below the 1972 level, per unit of product, by 1980. Full utilization of all industry alternatives for conservation could probably double this savings.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Kaplan, S. I.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
D2PC sensitivity analysis
The Chemical Hazard Prediction Model (D2PC) developed by the US Army will play a critical role in the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program by predicting chemical agent transport and dispersion through the atmosphere after an accidental release. To aid in the analysis of the output calculated by D2PC, this sensitivity analysis was conducted to provide information on model response to a variety of input parameters. The sensitivity analysis focused on six accidental release scenarios involving chemical agents VX, GB, and HD (sulfur mustard). Two categories, corresponding to conservative most likely and worst case meteorological conditions, provided the reference for standard input values. D2PC displayed a wide variety of sensitivity to the various input parameters. The model displayed the greatest overall sensitivity to wind speed, mixing height, and breathing rate. For other input parameters, sensitivity was mixed but generally lower. Sensitivity varied not only with parameter, but also over the range of values input for a single parameter. This information on model response can provide useful data for interpreting D2PC output.
Date:
August 1, 1992
Creator:
Lombardi, D. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electronic excited states as a probe of surface adsorbate structure and dynamics in liquid xenon
A combination of second harmonic generation (SHG) and a simple dipole-dipole interaction model is presented as a new technique for determining adsorbate geometries on surfaces. The polarization dependence of SHG is used to define possible geometries of the adsorbate about the surface normal. Absorption band shifts using geometry constraints imposed by SHG data are derived for a dimer constructed from two arbitrarily placed monomers on the surface using the dipole-dipole interaction potential. These formulae can be used to determine the orientation of the two monomers relative to each other. A simplified version of this formalism is used to interpret absorption band shifts for rhodamine B adsorbed on fused silica. A brief history of the exciton is given with particular detail to Xe. Data are presented for transient absorption at RT in liquid xenon on the picosecond time scale. These are observations of both tunneling through the barrier that separates the free and trapped exciton states and the subsequent trapping of the exciton. In high densities both of these processes are found to occur within 2 to 6 picoseconds in agreement with theories of Kmiecik and Schreiber and of Martin. A threshold density is observed that separates relaxation via single binary …
Date:
August 1, 1992
Creator:
Peterson, E. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rework of multilayer printed wiring board assemblies
Processes of reworking printed wiring assemblies (PWA) built with multilayer printed wiring boards (MLPWB) were investigated. Because of the MLPWBs added thickness and increased heat absorption potential, assemblies built with these boards are suspected of being more susceptible to damage during component removal than assemblies built with single-layer double-sided boards. There also have been questions raised about the effect that rework has on the internal connections of the MLPWBs. A review and limited evaluation of all known rework methods resulted in selecting ''solder wick'' and ''vacuum extraction'' as the two main rework methods for use in the evaluations. The Appendix defines and describes these rework techniques. Two different groups of units, intended to be representative of a wide range of proposed and presently used MLPWB-component configurations, were fabricated and then reworked by variations of these two techniques. Approximately 16,000 internal connections of MLPWBs were subjected to rework. No internal connections became open or degraded. In addition, 80 PTHs with internal connections were subjected to 10 cycles of rework to examine the effect of rework on MLPWB internal connections. Continuity of the internal connections was measured before and after all rework. Even though the rework did cause extensive external damage to …
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Clement, D. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Molten-salt reactor program. Semiannual progress report for period ending February 29, 1976
Separate abstracts and indexing were prepared for sections dealing with MSBR design and development; chemistry of fuel-salt and coolant-salt systems and analytical methods; materials development; fuel processing for molten-salt reactors; and salt production. (DG)
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
McNeese, L. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ERDA artificial heart program workshop. Final report, September 1, 1975--August 31, 1976
The major conclusions of the ERDA Artificial Heart Program Workshop are that the concept of a biologically compatible mechanical device which can totally replace the heart is sound, that such a device is needed as an alternative to cardiac transplantation and that its development is a realistic goal. The major recommendation of the committee is that an ERDA program with primary orientation toward development of a total heart replacement should continue, with assured funding about 50 percent higher than at present, for a minimum of 3 additional years at which time another major review should take place. To achieve better management of the program it is recommended that the present contract effort be reorganized under one prime contractor with responsibility for development and demonstration of the ERDA artificial heart system. The formation of a joint artificial heart advisory committee to improve coordination between ERDA and NHLI is also recommended. The committee suggests future policies and directions which it believes will lead to more effective use of funds available for specific aspects of the program. These include the nuclear heart source, engine, blood pump, biomaterials and overall system reliability. Possible future goals for the program are also proposed.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Kantrowitz, A.; Altieri, F. & Beall, A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of environmental data relating to selected nuclear power plant sites. The Duane Arnold Energy Center site
Analyses were made on 1974-1975 data pertaining to water quality and the use of biocides at the Duane Arnold Energy Center, which began operating in February 1975. The analyses showed no immediate deleterious effects due to plant operations. Although the plant has not been in operation long enough to reveal any long-term deleterious effects, present indications do not lead to a concerned prediction that any are developing. The data utilized, the methods of analysis, and the results obtained are presented in detail along with recommendations for improving the current monitoring techniques.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Vaslow, F. & Murarka, I. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Near-term electric vehicle program: Phase I, final report
A final report is given for an Energy Research and Development Administration effort aimed at a preliminary design of an energy-efficient electric commuter car. An electric-powered passenger vehicle using a regenerative power system was designed to meet the near-term ERDA electric automobile goals. The program objectives were to (1) study the parameters that affect vehicle performance, range, and cost; (2) design an entirely new electric vehicle that meets performance and economic requirements; and (3) define a program to develop this vehicle design for production in the early 1980's. The design and performance features of the preliminary (baseline) electric-powered passenger vehicle design are described, including the baseline power system, system performance, economic analysis, reliability and safety, alternate designs and options, development plan, and conclusions and recommendations. All aspects of the baseline design were defined in sufficient detail to verify performance expectations and system feasibility.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Rowlett, B. H. & Murry, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improved rigorous upper bounds for transport due to passive advection described by simple models of bounded systems
The work of Krommes and Smith on rigorous upper bounds for the turbulent transport of a passively advected scalar (/ital Ann. Phys./ 177:246 (1987)) is extended in two directions: (1) For their ''reference model,'' improved upper bounds are obtained by utilizing more sophisticated two-time constraints which include the effects of cross-correlations up to fourth order. Numerical solutions of the model stochastic differential equation are also obtained; they show that the new bounds compare quite favorably with the exact results, even at large Reynolds and Kubo numbers. (2) The theory is extended to take account of a finite spatial autocorrelation length L/sub c/. As a reasonably generic example, the problem of particle transport due to statistically specified stochastic magnetic fields in a collisionless turbulent plasma is revisited. A bound is obtained which reduces for small L/sub c/ to the quasilinear limit and for large L/sub c/ to the strong turbulence limit, and which provides a reasonable and rigorous interpolation for intermediate values of L/sub c/. 18 refs., 6 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1988
Creator:
Kim, Chang-Bae & Krommes, J. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Drilling rate changes when air drilling is switched to mist drilling. [Claystone]
Eight shallow (30-foot-deep) holes were drilled in four formations to determine if the reduction in penetration rate that usually occurs when air drilling is changed to mist drilling might be due to the physical action of drilling a wet, soapy rock. The results showed an average loss of 9.3%, with the greatest loss occurring in limestone. The softest formation (claystone) showed only a 1.2% reduction in penetration rate; the two sandstones averaged 10.0-percent loss; and the limestone showed a significant 15.8% loss. This indicates that the loss of penetration rate due to wetting the rock while mist drilling is small but would be significant when drilling a long interval. The findings indicate that when drilling hard rocks at the surface with mist instead of air, a penetration rate loss of approximately 12% (compared to the drilling rate with air) will occur due to the effect of jetting the soapy water through the bit onto the formation being drilled.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Williams, C. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactor technology for space electrical power (10 to 100 kWe)
The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is studying various reactor power plants for space applications in the range of 10 to 100 kWe to meet space missions in the late 1980's and 1990's. The study is concentrating on a high-temperature, compact, fast reactor that could be coupled with various radiation shielding systems and thermoelectric, thermionic, or dynamic electrical power conversion systems, depending on the mission. Though the study is continuing, this report provides a description of what a typical power plant might contain in the time period and at the power levels of interest.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Buden, D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Silicon ribbon growth by a capillary action shaping technique. Quarterly technical progress report No. 1
Progress during the first quarter of the contractual effort is described. The work performed relates (a) to ribbon growth by a capillary action shaping technique, (b) to ribbon characterization, and (c) to economic evaluation and computer-aided simulation of ribbon growth. Actual progress includes growth of 12-mm and 25-mm-wide ribbon with individual lengths ranging from 0.12 to 1.06 meters. The growth of silicon tubes of 6-mm diameter, 1-mm wall thickness, and more than 100-cm length was also accomplished. The ''growth rate'' problem of melt-grown ribbon-shaped crystals was addressed. An expression for maximum growth rate of cylindrical (Czochralski geometry) crystals and ribbon-shaped crystals was derived. Some representative values at 7.5-cm diameter or width are 45 cm/hr or 2000 cm/sup 3//hr for a cylindrical Czochralski-grown crystal and 625 cm/hr or 95 cm/sup 3//hr for a 0.02-cm-thick ribbon. (auth)
Date:
August 1, 1975
Creator:
Schwuttke, G. H.; Ciszek, T. F. & Kran, A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
C RE-SLC: Database for conservation and renewable energy activities
The Western Area Power Administration (Western) requires all its long-term power customers to implement programs that promote the conservation of electric energy or facilitate the use of renewable energy resources. The hope is that these measures could significantly reduce the amount of environmental damage associated with electricity production. As part of preparing the environmental impact statement for Western's Electric Power Marketing Program, Argonne National Laboratory constructed a database of the conservation and renewable energy activities in which Western's Salt Lake City customers are involved. The database provides information on types of conservation and renewable energy activities and allows for comparisons of activities being conducted at different utilities in the Salt Lake City region. Sorting the database allows Western's Salt Lake City customers to be classified so the various activities offered by different classes of utilities can be identified; for example, comparisons can be made between municipal utilities and cooperatives or between large and small customers. The information included in the database was collected from customer planning documents in the files of Western's Salt Lake City office.
Date:
August 1, 1992
Creator:
Cavallo, J. D.; Tompkins, M. M. & Fisher, A. G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optical measurement techniques applied to solar selective coatings
Optical measurement techniques have been developed for determining the solar absorptance, ..cap alpha../sub s/, and emittance, epsilon, of solar coatings. The optical equipment includes a Beckman DK-2 Spectroreflectometer and a Gier Dunkle Solar Reflectometer (Model MS-251) for ..cap alpha../sub s/ measurements and a Gier Dunkle Infrared Reflectometer (Model DB-100) for epsilon measurements. Because all this equipment is designed to accommodate flat samples, special calibration and measurement procedures were developed for the determination of the optical properties of coatings deposited on cylindrical surfaces. In addition, a small zero offset associated with the MS-251 is discussed, and its incorporation in the measurement procedure for this instrument is presented. The accuracy of the MS-251 for measurements of the ..cap alpha../sub s/ properties of black chrome coatings was determined to be better than +- 0.03 absorptance units. Although the Gier Dunkle Infrared Reflectometer is designed to measure the room temperature emittance, two modifications of the instrument's capability are discussed. The first modification involves removal of an internally mounted polyethylene filter so that the measurement spectrum shifts to approximately a 100/sup 0/C blackbody. The accuracy of the emittance values determined in this mode of operation is better than +- 0.02 emittance units for the black …
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Pettit, R. B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mathematical simulation of sediment and radionuclide transport in the Columbia River
Mathematical simulation of radionuclide transport was conducted by applying the finite element sediment and contaminant transport model, SERATRA, to the Columbia River between the Priest Rapids and McNary Dams near the ERDA Hanford Reservation. Model computations were performed to solve time-dependent, longitudinal and vertical distributions of sediments and radionuclides by taking into account sediment-radionuclide interaction. Sediment transport was modeled for three sediment size fractions (i.e., sand, silt, and clay), and radionuclide transport was simulated for dissolved and particulate nuclides. Particulate radionuclides were analyzed for those adsorbed by sediment in each sediment size fraction. Five cases were simulated in this study to identify the effects of river sediments on radionuclide migration: continuous release of /sup 65/Zn without adsorption mechanics; continuous release of /sup 65/Zn with adsorption; instantaneous release of /sup 65/Zn without adsorption; instantaneous release of /sup 65/Zn with adsorption; and radionuclide resuspension. Sediment and radionuclide results indicate very good agreement with measured data.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Onishi, Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for backwards produced exotic meson resonances and study of particle spectra and mass distributions in the reaction. pi. /sup +/ + P. -->. n (forward) + X/sup + +/ at 8. 4 GeV/c. [Upper limits, G parity, 8. 4 GeV/c]
Results are reported from a hybrid experiment designed to search for backwards produced I = 2 exotic meson resonances by investigating the backward scattering reactions: ..pi../sup +/ + p ..-->.. in (forward) + ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/, ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/, ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup -/, and p anti p..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/ at an incident pion momentum of 8.4 GeV/c. The SLAC 15'' rapid cycling bubble chamber, operating at 20 cycles per second, was triggered by detecting fast forward neutrons in an optical spark chamber and scintillation counter array downstream. Following two-component duality arguments, Jacob and Weyers and Rosner have suggested backward scattering processes as a favored mode for exotic meson resonance production. Upper limits of the order of one microbarn are reported for the production of narrow exotic meson resonances with masses less than or equal to 3 GeV and which could decay into even G-parity states: ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/, ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/, ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup -/, and p anti p..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/. The mass resolution in the above channels varied from 5 to 30 MeV over the mass range for the most restrictive sample of events. The statistical significance of the …
Date:
August 1, 1975
Creator:
Alam, M. S.; Brabson, B. B. & Galloway, K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Movements and behavior of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) determined by radio telemetry
The organization of this thesis reflects the development of underwater radio tracking methodology for monitoring movements of freshwater fish. Equipment and techniques developed during this research are described in Part I and represent a cooperative effort between the author and the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek engineering staff. In 1970, the equipment and techniques were tested and perfected during a study of largemouth bass movements in Mary Lake. The bass project provided an ideal situation to test the system. Since Mary Lake was small and the bass exhibited localized movements, the fish could be found easily; consequently, the performance of the system could be continually analyzed and problems could be quickly solved. The home range movements of the bass are described in Part II. After establishing the reliability and usefulness of the system, a much more difficult project was attempted. In 1971, a program was initiated to study the movements and behavior of steelhead in western Lake Superior. Results of this project (1971 to 1974) are presented in Part III.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Winter, J. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of current density fluctuations and ambipolar particle flux due to magnetic fluctuations in MST
Studies of magnetic fluctuation induced particle transport on Reversed Field Pinch plasmas were done on the Madison Symmetric Torus. Plasma current density and current density fluctuations were measured using a multi-coil magnetic probes. The low frequency (f<50 kHz) current density fluctuations are consistent with the global resistive tearing instabilities predicted by 3-D MHD simulations. At frequencies above 50 kHz, the magnetic fluctuations were detected to be localized with a radial correlation length of about 1--2 cm. These modes are locally resonant modes since the measured dominant mode number spectra match the local safety factor q. The net charged particle flux induced by magnetic fluctuations was obtained by measuring the correlation term <{tilde j}{sub {parallel}} {tilde B}{sub r}>. The result of zero net charged particle loss was obtained, meaning the flux is ambipolar. The ambipolarity of low frequency global tearing modes is satisfied through the phase relations determined by tearing instabilities. The ambipolarity of high frequency localized modes could be partially explained by the simple model of Waltz based on the radial average of small scale turbulence.
Date:
August 1, 1992
Creator:
Shen, Weimin.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutronic calculation and cross section sensitivity analysis of the Livermore mirror fusion/fission hybrid reactor blanket
The neutronic calculation for the Livermore mirror fusion/fission hybrid reactor blanket was performed using the PPPL cross section library. Significant differences were found in the tritium breeding and plutonium production in comparison to the results of the LLL calculation. The cross section sensitivity study for tritium breeding indicates that the response is sensitive to the cross section of /sup 238/U in the neighborhood of 14 MeV and 1 MeV. The response is also sensitive to the cross sections of iron in the vicinity of 14 MeV near the first wall. Neutron transport in the resonance region is not important in this reactor model.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Ku, L. P. & Price, W. G. Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research and Development Activities Waste Fixation Program. Quarterly progress report, July--September 1976
Two engineering-scale in-can melting runs were completed. One run evaluated the melting of PW-8a-2 type waste containing cesium and ruthenium with 76-101 type frit. The other run established a melting rate of 30.9 kg/hr for an 8-in.-diam can containing a drop-in fin assembly made from an alloy having an expansion coefficient similar to that of the glass. High sodium feed was successfully spray calcined by lowering the calciner chamber temperature and using an additive in the feed material. The fluidized-bed calciner testing continued with emphasis on developing several mechanical components and engineering a hot cell installation and a full-scale prototype. A variable speed, weigh belt-type solids feeder was evaluated as a frit feeding device. A 76-183 melt composition was developed for PW-7a waste. Leach testing of thermally treated glasses was continued and feeders were evaluated. Comprehensive examination of 72-68 glass samples annealed for 1 year has been completed and has indicated no significant change over the results observed at 2 months. Additionally, characterization and identification work performed on the high-neodymium rare earth phase has indicated that an apatite-type structure exists within the temperature range of 500 to 750/sup 0/C but only after a minimum time of 1 week at temperature. …
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
McElroy, J. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Residential heating costs: a comparison of geothermal, solar and conventional resources
The costs of residential heating throughout the United States using conventional, solar, and geothermal energy were determined under current and projected conditions. These costs are very sensitive to location - being dependent on the local prices of conventional energy supplies, local solar insolation, cimate, and the proximity and temperature of potential geothermal resources. The sharp price increases in imported fuels during 1979 and the planned decontrol of domestic oil and natural gas prices have set the stage for geothermal and solar market penetration in the 1980's.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Bloomster, C. H.; Garrett-Price, B. A. & Fassbender, L. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library