These lectures discuss some recent developments in pulsed NMR, emphasizing fundamental principles with selected illustrative applications. Major topics covered include multiple-quantum spectroscopy, spin decoupling, the interaction of spins with a quantized field, adiabatic rapid passage, spin temperature and statistics of cross-polarization, coherent averaging, and zero field NMR. 32 refs., 56 figs.

The number of H/sub ..cap alpha../ photons emitted per entering particle is examined for three types of fueling in tokamaks: wall and limiter efflux, gas puff, and solid pellet injection. These sources correspond to greater involvement of heavy particles in the breakup of entering molecules and to an increasing degree of thermodynamic equilibrium in the radiating zone. The effect of wall absorption and charge exchange on the photon yield in normal tokamak discharges is examined with a molecular influx model. The emission from a perturbing gas puff is discussed qualitatively as an extension to this model. The photon yield from injected pellets corresponds to a limit of extremely high neutral influx and is estimated with a simple hydrodynamical model and measured pellet cloud parameters. 23 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

A measurement of J//psi/ ..-->.. ..gamma pi../sup +/..pi../sup /minus//..pi../sup +/..pi../sup /minus// is presented. The f/sub 1/(1285) is observed and its spin and parity are investigated. The /eta//sub c/ is observed to decay to /rho//sup 0//rho//sup 0/, and that first observation of /eta//sub c/ decays to f/sub 2/(1270)f/sub 2/(1270) is presented. 1 ref., 3 figs.

The ability of a photo-electrically controlled lighting system to maintain a constant total light level on a task surface by responding to changing daylight levels is affected by the control algorithm used to relate the photosensor signal to the supplied electric light level and by the placement and geometry of the photosensor. We describe the major components of a typical control system, discuss the operation of three different control algorithms, and derive expressions for each algorithm that express the total illuminance at the task as a function of the control photosensor signal. Using a specially-designed scale model, we measured the relationship between the signal generated by various ceiling-mounted control photosensors and workplane illuminance for two room geometries under real sky conditions. The measured data were used to determine the performance of systems obeying the three control algorithms under varying daylight conditions. Control systems employing the commonly-used integral reset algorithm supplied less electric light than required, failing to satisfy the control objective regardless of the control photosensor used. Systems employing an alternative, closed-loop proportional control algorithm achieved the control objective under virtually all tested conditions when operated by a ceiling-mounted photosensor shielded from direct window light.

Accelerator dipole magnets operate with very low copper to superconductors ratios (R). This ability to operate with low R is significant in its impact on cost. The optimum value of R has been an issue of considerable debate. This study shows that the minimum propagating zone length is greatest for copper to superconductor ratios well below 1.5, which appears to be in contradiction with some of the data. 4 refs., 7 figs.

This paper is a written version of the Concluding Remarks presented at the International Conference on the Impact of Digital Microelectronics and Microprocessors on Particle Physics. The Conference emphasized on-line data acquisition and triggering problems in high energy physics. Among the participants there was a clearly growing consensus that as these real time systems become larger they require more attention from the beginning to overall system coherence and manageability issues. We consider what this means for SSC/LHC era detectors. Given the interesting results on pixel silicon, neural networks, and parallel microprocessor based computers presented at Trieste, we speculate on some surprisingly simple, though still very radical, ideas on systems solutions for those huge detectors.

Recent programmatic developments in Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) have prompted renewed and widespread interest in this field. In mid 1987 the Defense Nuclear Agency, acting for the Strategic Defense Initiative Office, issued a request for proposals for the design and construction of SMES Engineering Test Model (ETM). Two teams, one led by Bechtel and the other by Ebasco, are now engaged in the first phase of the development of a 10 to 20 MWhr ETM. This report presents the rationale for energy storage on utility systems, describes the general technology of SMES, and explains the chronological development of the technology. The present ETM program is outlined; details of the two projects for ETM development are described in other papers in these proceedings. The impact of high T/sub c/ materials on SMES is discussed. 69 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

The ACP Multi-Array Processor System (ACPMAPS) is a highly cost effective, local memory parallel computer designed for floating point intensive grid based problems. The processing nodes of the system are single board array processors based on the FORTRAN and C programmable Weitek XL chip set. The nodes are connected by a network of very high bandwidth 16 port crossbar switches. The architecture is designed to achieve the highest possible cost effectiveness while maintaining a high level of programmability. The primary application of the machine at Fermilab will be lattice gauge theory. The hardware is supported by a transparent site oriented software system called CANOPY which shields theorist users from the underlying node structure. 4 refs., 2 figs.

Analyses have been made for different structural alloys proposed for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Candidate alloys include austenitic steels stabilized with nickel (NiSS) or manganese (MnSS). The radioactivity, the decay heat, and the waste disposal rating of each alloy have been calculated for the inboard shield of the ITER design option utilizing water cooled solid breeder blanket. The results show, for the 55 cm inboard shield and after 3 MW.yr/m2 fluence, that the long term activation problems, e.g., radioactive waste, of the MnSS are much less than that of the NiSS. All the MnSS alloys considered are qualified as Class C or better low level waste. Most of the NiSS alloys are not qualified for near surface burial. However, the short term decay heat generation rate for the MnSS is much higher than that of the NiSS. 6 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

We have used the full Tucker theory including the quantum susceptance to fit data from planar lithographed mm-wave mixers with bow tie antennas and integrated RF coupling elements. Essentially perfect fits to pumped IV curves have been obtained. The deduced imbedding admittances agree well with those independently calculated from the geometry of the antenna and matching structures. We find that the quantum susceptance is essential to the fit and thus to predictions of the mixer performance. For junctions with moderately sharp gap structures, the quantum susceptance is especially important in the production of steps with low and/or negative dynamic conductance. 15 refs., 4 figs.

Spectral processing in x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy deals with the extraction of characteristic signals from experimental data. In this text, the four basic procedures for this methodology are reviewed and their limitations outlined. Quantification, on the other hand, deals with the interpretation of the information obtained from spectral processing. Here the limitations are for the most part instrumental in nature. The prospects of higher voltage operation does not, in theory, present any new problems and may in fact prove to be more desirable assuming that electron damage effects do not preclude analysis. 28 refs., 6 figs.

Targets using indirect drive optimize symmetry and are the mainline approach at LLNL based on a number of favorable factors. Recently we have also investigated several examples of ion beam targets that use the energy efficiency of direct drive while at the same time optimizing on the symmetry requirements. Heavy ion beams of charge state Z greater than or equal to 3 at 5-10 GeV have less than or equal to15-20 m bending radii with 3.5 Tesla fields. Beams like them could be used with targets involving direct drive. Control of asymmetries in direct-drive ion beam targets depends on control of the effects of residual target asymmetries after an appropriate illumination scheme has been adopted. In this article, we outline results on our investigations into ion beam target concepts in which the effects of residual asymmetries are ameliorated. Thirty-two beams are placed according to our axially symmetric Gaussian-quadrature illumination scheme. The targets survive the effects of residual asymmetries in our recent 2D hydrodynamic simulations. 7 refs., 5 figs.

A water-cooled solid-breeder blanket concept was developed for ITER. The main function of this blanket is to produce the necessary tritium for the ITER operation. Several design features are incorporated in this blanket concept to increase its attractiveness. It is assumed that the blanket operation at commercial power reactor conditions can be sacrificed to achieve a high tritium breeding ratio with minimum additional research and development, and minimal impact on reactor design and operation. Operating temperature limits are enforced for each material to insure a satisfactory blanket performance. In fact, the design was iterated to maximize the tritium breeding ratio and satisfy these temperature limits. The other design constraint is to permit a large increase in the neutron wall loading without exceeding the temperature limits for the different blanket materials. The blanket concept contains 1.8 cm of Li/sub 2/O and 22.5 cm of beryllium both with a 0.8 density factor. The water coolant is isolated from the breeder material by several zones which reduces the tritium buildup in the water by permeation, reduces the chance for water-breeder interaction, and permits the breeder to operate at high temperature with a low temperature coolant. This improves the safety and environmental aspects of …

Experimental data for interdiffusion and phase equilibria in the U-Mo system have been obtained over the temperature range 1400 to 1525 K as a fallout from compatibility experiments in which UO/sub 2/ was decomposed by lithium in closed molybdenum capsules. Composition-position, x-ray diffraction and microstructural data from the interdiffusion zones indicate that the intermediate phase U/sub 2/Mo is found in this temperature range, contrary to the currently accepted equilibrium U-Mo phase diagram. The U-Mo interdiffusion data are in good agreement with published values. Inclusion of the U/sub 2/Mo phase in a theoretical correlation of interdiffusion and phase equilibria data using Darken's equation indicate that high temperature interdiffusion of uranium and molybdenum follows the usual thermodynamic rules. Significant changes in the value of the thermodynamic based Darken factor near the U/sub 2/Mo phase boundary on the high uranium side are indicated from both the new and published interdiffusion data. 9 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

The performance of the ITER first wall and divertor plate is analyzed using a 1-D life-time code which includes the effects of radiation damage and surface erosion. The materials considered for the first wall are solution annealed and 20% cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel. The materials considered for the divertor plate are H-451 graphite bonded to a Cu-0.5 Be-2 Ni heat sink. The primary conclusion is that it is crucial to include radiation effects for obtaining realistic predictions of performance. 9 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.

The fluence of high-energy muons that result from the operation of the Tevatron accelerator was measured downstream of the experimental area beam lines. Profiles were determined by use of plastic scintillators and associated electronics mounted in a mobile laboratory at various locations on-site and at the site boundary. The experimental method and the properties of the fluence profiles are summarized, and in one case the measurements are compared to Monte Carlo calculations of muon transport. 6 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) plants have been proposed in both solenoidal and toroidal geometries. The former is efficient in terms of the quantity of superconductor required per unit of stored energy. For applications where a fringe field could be a problem, the toroidal geometry, which requires at least a factor of two more material, has been proposed. In addition to the solenoid and toroid, other geometries are possible, such as linear multipoles and spherical coils. These geometries have been considered for use in applications other than energy storage. In this report, the effectiveness (quantity of superconductor/stored energy) is calculated for various coil geometries. 7 refs., 4 tabs.

When pumping near the two-photon 3d resonance in pure sodium vapor and observing the backward hyper-Raman emission to the 3p substates, an asymmetry in ratios of 3p/sub 1/2/, 3p/sub 3/2/ associated emissions was observed dependent upon the direction of the initial laser detuning from the resonance. It has been determined that this asymmetry can be attributed to the ac Stark effect induced by the hyper-Raman emission itself. 3 refs., 3 figs.

Our demonstration of multiple-photon resonant cycling between the 1/sup 3/S and 2/sup 3/P states of ortho-Positronium (oPs) makes possible the production of cold positronium (Ps) through the technique of laser cooling. A simplified analysis of magnetic mixing in excited-state Ps is given. This effect is important both as a diagnostic of resonant cycling and Ps cooling. The significance of cold Ps in fine structure measurements and the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate is discussed. 13 refs., 3 figs.

Radiative processes strongly effect equilibrium trace gas concentrations both directly, through photolysis reactions, and indirectly through temperature and transport processes. As part of our continuing radiative submodel development and validation, we have used the LLNL 2-D chemical-radiative-transport (CRT) model to investigate the net sensitivity of equilibrium ozone concentrations to several changes in radiative forcing. Doubling CO/sub 2/ from 300 ppmv to 600 ppmv resulted in a temperature decrease of 5 K to 8 K in the middle stratosphere along with an 8% to 16% increase in ozone in the same region. Replacing our usual shortwave scattering algorithms with a simplified Rayleigh algorithm led to a 1% to 2% increase in ozone in the lower stratosphere. Finally, modifying our normal CO/sub 2/ cooling rates by corrections derived from line-by-line calculations resulted in several regions of heating and cooling. We observed temperature changes on the order of 1 K to 1.5 K with corresponding changes of 0.5% to 1.5% in O/sub 3/. Our results for doubled CO/sub 2/ compare favorably with those by other authors. Results for our two perturbation scenarios stress the need for accurately modeling radiative processes while confirming the general validity of current 2-D CRT models. 15 refs., 5 …

The cost of structural components in a large superconducting coil may well exceed the coil and cryostat cost. As a result, the idea of constructing a system composed of two different coil types assembled in such a way that the sources balance and reduce the total structural requirement is oft proposed. A suitable geometry has never been found for the fundamental reason that there can be no force compensated solution. In this paper, the general problem is presented and an analysis of the energy stored and stresses produced in the structure are described in a fundamental way. Finally, the relation between structural mass M and stored energy E, M greater than or equal to/rho/E/sigma/sub w/, that is valid for all magnetic systems is developed, where /rho/ is the density of the structure and sigma/sub w/ is the working stress in the structure. 12 refs., 2 figs.

This paper summarizes nuclear-related work in support of the US effort for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Study. Primary tasks carried out during the past year include design improvements of the inboard shield developed for the TIBER concept, scoping studies of a variety of tritium breeding blanket options, development of necessary design guidelines and evaluation criteria for the blanket options, further safety considerations related to nuclear components, and issues regarding structural materials for an ITER device. The blanket concepts considered are the aqueous/Li salt solution, a water-cooled, solid breeder blanket, a helium-cooled, solid-breeder blanket, a blanket cooled by helium containing lithium-bearing particulates, and a blanket concept based on breeding tritium from He/sup 3/. 1 ref., 2 tabs.

Parallel detection systems for spectroscopy have generally been based upon linear detector arrays. Replacing the linear arrays with two dimensional systems yields more complicated devices; however, there are corresponding benefits which can be realized for both x-ray and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The operational design of these systems, as well as preliminary results from the construction of such a device used for electron spectroscopy, are presented. 10 refs., 8 figs.

We will emphasize the importance of spin for our understanding of production dynamics at high p/sub T/. Within the framework of perturbative QCD several predictions for interesting spin observables are presented for various reactions. They are crucial tests accessible to existing or future experimental programs. 17 refs., 10 figs.