The funds provided under Contract No. DE-AC02-79ER10486 were totally expended for hardware and supplies required by two related devices at the Bates Linear Accelerator. These were a photon tagging facility and a ..gamma pi../sup 0/ spectrometer in Beam Line C of the new South Experimental Hall. Construction was begun in November of 1979 and both systems became fully operational in the summer of 1981. Preliminary data was taken in 1980 with a prototype ..gamma pi../sup 0/ spectrometer will be carried out in the fall of 1981 and spring of 1982. The photon tagging system has been used successfully to calibrate the ..gamma pi../sup 0/ spectrometer for the BU - MIT collaboration and to test a lead glass detector system for Brandeis University.

This workshop covered the following subjects: measurements in relatively shallow boreholes; measurement and interpretation of data from deep boreholes; hydrologic properties of crystalline rocks as interpreted by geophysics and field geology; rock mechanics related to hydrology of crystalline rocks; the possible contributions of modeling to the understanding of the hydrology of crystalline rocks; and geochemical interpretations of the hydrology of crystalline rocks. (MHR)

Separate abstracts are presented for each of the papers concerning hydrogen behavior during LWR accidents.

Comparison of a powdered CMN thermometer with an NBS fixed point device demonstrates an internal inconsistency in the T/sub c/'s assigned to the fixed point device. T/sub c/'s between 100 and 200 mK are in excellent agreement with a temperature scale interpolated between He vapor pressure temperatures and nuclear orientation temperatures, but there is a discrepancy of 8% at the 15 mK point. Evidence for different susceptibility-temperature relations for superficially similar CMN thermometers is also presented.

Low-cycle fatigue and tensile tests were performed on specimens fabricated from 14-mm (0.55-in.) cross-rolled tungsten plate which was prepared by a powder metallurgy process. Tests included measurements on both as-received and recrystallized specimens. Data have been obtained at 1088 K (1500/sup 0/F) in vacuum, and at room temperature. Low-cycle fatigue data at both 1088 K and room temperature are in fair agreement with predictions based on the universal slopes equation for the as-received material condition. In contrast, fatigue data for recrystallized specimens at 1088 K fall considerably below prediction, except in the high cycles-to-fail (10/sup 5/ cycles) regime. Details of the test procedure as well as modification of the specimen configuration which was required for room temperature testing are reported.

The development of a nuclear fission fuel cycle is proposed which eliminates all the radioactive fission product waste effluent and the need for geological-age high level waste storage and provides a long term supply of fissile fuel for an LWR power reactor economy. The fuel cycle consists of reprocessing LWR spent fuel (1 to 2 years old) to remove the stable nonradioactive (NRFP, e.g. lanthanides, etc.) and short-lived fission products (SLFP e.g. half-lives of (1 to 2 years) and returning, in dilute form, the long-lived fission products, ((LLFPs, e.g. 30 y half-life Cs, Sr, and 10 y Kr, and 16 x 10/sup 6/ y I) and the transuranics (TUs, e.g. Pu, Am, Cm, and Np) to be refabricated into fresh fuel elements. Makeup fertile and fissile fuel are to be supplied through the use of a Spallator (linear accelerator spallation-target fuel-producer). The reprocessing of LWR fuel elements is to be performed by means of the Chelox process which consists of Airox treatment (air oxidation and hydrogen reduction) followed by chelation with an organic reagent (..beta..-diketonate) and vapor distillation of the organometallic compounds for separation and partitioning of the fission products.

Because ferritic steels have been found to have excellent resistance to swelling when irradiated in a fast-breeder reactor, Cr-Mo steels have recently become of interest for nuclear applications, both as cladding and duct material for fast-breeder reactors and as a first-wall and blanket structural material for fusion reactors. In this paper we will assess the Cr-Mo steels for fusion reactor applications. Possible approaches on how Cr-Mo steels may be further developed for this application will be proposed.

The structural alloys Ta-10W, Mo, and Inconel X-750 were used for plasma limiters during the 3-MW ohmic heating experiments of the Doublet III tokamak. Post-service examinations of these limiters are reviewed. Near-surface melting, cracking, and microstructural changes are shown and discussed. During III service, elements from other metallic components were transported by the plasma and deposited on the limiter surface; significantly, high concentrations of Ni, Fe, Mo, and C were detected in the regions found to be microcracked in the Ta-10W. Observations and analyses are made that are relevant to the design of limiter and armor components for larger tokamaks.

Objectives of high energy nucleus-nucleus studies are outlined. Bevalac experiments on the formation of hot high-density equilibrated nuclear matter are discussed. Future programs are outlined, including research at the CERN ISR.

Recently the enhanced heat removal capability of unsaturated superfluid helium II has been exploited in fusion and accelerator dipole magnets. In superfluid the internal convection mechanism dominates the heat removal process and orientation with respect to gravity becomes of secondary importance. Heat transfer, however, can be influenced by the thermodynamic state of the liquid, especially with regard to possible phase transformations. The transformation from non-saturated He II must involve an He I state before the film boiling transition is experienced. Some steady state measurements of heat transfer to non-saturated He II have been previously reported. In typical magnet designs, cooling passages between turns result from gaps between the electrical insulation, and are typically on the order of a fraction of a millimeter. The purpose of the work reported here is to measure the attenuation of the heat transfer within such a restrictive geometry.

X-ray optics stands on the threshold of realizing its early promise: precision analysis of microstructure on the scale of the x-ray wavelength. The achievement of this exciting goal will depend in large part on advances in microfabrication technology making possible the precision fabrication of periodic microstructures. A review of recent advances in, as well as future prospects for: x-ray microscopy, coded imaging, and space-time resolved spectroscopy, resulting from improved microstructure fabrication capabilities is presented.

The beam dynamics and operation of a free electron laser are discussed after a description of accelerator beam dynamics. Various wiggler field schemes are studied including the constant parameter wiggler, the variable parameter wiggler, and the gain-expanded wiggler. (WHK)

Transport of energy in laser-produced plasmas is scrutinized by devising spectrally and temporally identifiable characteristics in the x-ray emission history which identify the heat-front position at various times in the heating process. Measurements of the relative turn-on times of these characteristics show the rate of energy transport between various points. These measurements can in turn constrain models of energy transport phenomena. We are time-resolving spectrally distinguishable subkilovolt x-ray emissions from different layers of a disk target to examine the transport rate of energy into the target. A similar technique is used to measure the lateral expansion rate of the plasma spot. A soft x-ray streak camera with 15-psec temporal resolution is used to make the temporal measurements. Spectral discrimination of the incident signal is provided by multilayer x-ray interference mirrors.

One of the major factors driving the evolutionary design of wind turbines is the cost of energy (COE). The COE for electricity produced by any means is based on three primary factors: capital costs plus operating and maintenance (O and M) costs divided by the number of kilowatt hours produced per year. Obviously an increase in production of energy has the positive effect of decreasing the cost of energy produced by a wind turbine. A research effort has been established to determine the possible methods of increasing energy capture without affecting the turbine design. The emphasis has been on optimizing the wind turbine operating strategy. The operating strategy embodies the startup and shutdown algorithm as well as the algorithm for determining when to yaw (rotate) the axis of the turbine more directly into the wind. Using data collected at a number of sites, the time-dependent simulation of a MOD-2 wind turbine using various, site-dependent operating strategies has provided evidence that site-specific fine tuning can produce significant increases in long-term energy capture as well as reduce the number of start-stop cycles and yawing maneuvers, which may result in reduced fatigue and subsequent maintenance.

Access to a granitic rock mass in an iron ore mine in Sweden has provided a unique opportunity for a series of investigations on problems involved in geologic storage of radioactive waste. Important results have been obtained that would not have emerged if these experiments had not been carried out underground at depths comparable with those envisaged for an actual repository. It was observed that as the rock mass was heated, the temperature variations over time and space could be reasonably well predicted using available theory and appropriate values of material properties. However, because the rock is fractured, predicting the thermochenical behavior is much more involved. The role of the discontinuities is a key factor and is not yet well understood. The fracture network is also the dominant factor in controlling rock mass permeability. A new method of measuring average permeability on a very large scale is reported.

The polarization of the ..mu../sup +/ from the decays K/sup 0//sub L/ ..-->.. ..pi../sup -/..mu../sup +/..nu.. and K/sup +/ ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/..mu../sup +/..nu.. was measured. The transverse polarization forbidden by time reversal invariance is (1.85 +- 3.60) x 10/sup -3/ based on the final data sample of thirty-four million events. This null result places constraints on certain models of CP-violation through the exchange of Higgs bosons.

Recent results from SPEAR include measurements of Cabibbo-suppressed decay modes of the tau (Mark II), and a limit on the decay J/psi ..-->.. ..gamma.. + axion (Crystal Ball).

A free standing x-ray transmission grating has been coupled with a soft x-ray streak camera to produce a time resolved x-ray spectrometer. The instrument has a temporal resolution of approx. 20 psec, is capable of covering a broad spectral range, 2 to 120 A, has high sensitivity, and is simple to use requiring no complex alignment procedure. In recent laser fusion experiments the spectrometer successfully recorded time resolved spectra over the range 10 to 120 A with a spectral resolving power, lambda/..delta..lambda of 4 to 50, limited primarily by source size and collimation effects.

The process of siting large wind turbines may be divided into two broad steps: site selection, and site evaluation. Site selection is the process of locating windy sites where wind energy development shows promise of economic viability. Site evaluation is the process of determining in detail for a given site the economic potential of the site. This paper emphasizes the state of the art in the first aspect of siting, site selection. Several techniques for assessing the wind resource have been explored or developed in the Federal Wind Energy Program. Local topography and meteorology will determine which of the tehniques should be used in locating potential sites.

Projections of the Sun's daily and seasonal paths frequently are used to solve building design problems involving site obstructions and shading of fenestration. In the United States, equidistant projections are perhaps the most widely used (compared to other sunpath projections) because of the commercial availability of a complete set of sun-path diagrams for a range of useful latitudes. This paper describes the development of a set of overlays designed for use with sun-path projections to predict illumination on any building surface throughout the year for standard climatological conditions. Illumination is calculated for clear and overcast skies and for direct sunlight using algorithms recommended by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE). Values for illumination incident upon the surface, as well as transmitted through single and double glazing, can be calculated. Similar overlays for solar radiation are being developed.

The study of the properties of elementary magnetic excitations - spin waves or magnons - in the neighborhood of surfaces, discontinuities, defects, and impurities is an active field of solid-state magnetism. These modes are of interest for understanding relaxation phenomena as well as chemical reactions catalyzed by magnetic substrates. In this contribution we would like to report two different results: (1) some spectra of the spin-wave modes associated with clean and stepped surfaces of a ferromagnet - the clean and a stepped (001) surface of a face-centered-cubic solid; and (2) the unusual and yet unresolved difficulties encountered when similar procedures are attempted on antiferromagnetic surfaces and steps.

The PNB Load Cell Scale is a Preloaded, Narrow-Band calibration mass comparator. It consists of (1) a frame and servo-mechanism that maintains a preload tension on the load cell until the load, an unknown mass, is sensed, and (2) a null-balance digital instrument that suppresses the cell response associated with the preload, thereby improving the precision and accuracy of the measurements. Ideally, the objects used to set the preload should be replica mass standards that closely approximate the density and mass of the unknowns. The advantages of the PNB scale are an expanded output signal over the range of interest which increases both the sensitivity and resolution, and minimizes the transient effects associated with loading of load cells. An area of immediate and practical application of this technique to nuclear material safeguards is the weighing of UF/sub 6/ cyliners where in-house mass standards are currently available and where the mass values are typically assigned on the basis of comparison weighings. Several prototypical versions of the PNB scale have been assembled at the US National Bureau of Standards. A description of the instrumentation, principles of measurements, and applications are presented in this paper.

A brief discussion of the important design elements for positron emission tomographs is presented. The conclusions are that the instrumentation can be improved by the use of larger numbers of small, efficient detectors closely packed in many rings, the development of new detector materials, and novel electronic designs to reduce the deadtime and increase maximum event rates. (ACR)

The SERI Solar Energy Storage Program is summarized. The program provides research, systems analysis, and assessments of thermal energy storage and transport in support of the Thermal Energy Storage Program of the DOE Division of Energy Storage Technology; emphasis is on thermal energy storage for solar thermal power and process heat applications and on thermal energy transport. Currently, research is in progress on direct-contact thermal energy storage and thermochemical energy storage and transport. In addition, SERI is directing the definition of new concepts for thermal energy storage and supporting research on thermal energy transport by sensible and latent heat media. SERI is performing systems analyses of thermal energy storage for solar thermal application and coordinating thermal energy storage activities for solar applications.