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CANIST, a two-dimensional (r and THETA) computer program that solves the unsteady-state, heat conduction equation was used to model the thermal behavior of canisters filled with waste glass. CANIST has been found to be a valuable analytical tool for predicting the temperature profile of a waste storage canister as a function of several variables, including the diameter of the canister, the placement of internal fins, the heat generation rate of the waste glass, and the thermophysical properties of the canister and the waste glass. Thus, temperature dependent processes that may affect the integrity of the glass/canister unit, for example cracking, can be investigated using an analytical approach. In the present study, the canister temperature profiles predicted by CANIST were compared to canister temperatures measured during full-scale non-radioactive waste immobilization tests conducted at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The agreement between experimental and predicted temperatures was good, particularly considering the fact that the thermophysical properties of the waste glass modeled have not yet been accurately determined. Examination of some glass-filled canisters has revealed cracking to have occurred in the glass. However, the comparison between measured and CANIST predicted temperatures suggests that cracking does not significantly influence the heat-transfer process. CANIST was also used …

The Direct Heat Removal Service (DHRS) of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant provides an alternative means of cooling of the core in the extremely unlikely event that both the normal and auxiliary heat paths are not available. The hot sodium is taken from the outlet plenum, cooled and returned into the outlet plenum at a different location; this sodium is mixed in the outlet plenum and pumped through the primary loops into the reactor core to remove the decay heat. The hydraulic performance of the outlet plenum was evaluated with a test using a 1/21 scale outlet plenum feature model. The model hydraulically simulated the Upper Internals Structure and the sodium within the reactor vessel. The hydraulic characteristics were studied to determine the amount of mixing which occurs in the outlet plenum.

Large deformation engineering analysis at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory has benefited from a synthesis of computational technology from the finite difference hydrocodes of the scientific weapons community and the structural finite element methodology of engineering. Two- and three-dimensional explicit and implicit Lagrangian continuum codes have been developed exploiting the strengths of each. The explicit methodology primarily exploits the primitive constant stress (or one point integration) brick element. Similarity and differences with the integral finite difference method are discussed. Choice of stress and finite strain measures, and selection of hour glass viscosity are also considered. The implicit codes also employ a Cauchy formulation, with Newton iteration and a symmetric tangent matrix. A library of finite strain material routines includes hypoelastic/plastic, hyperelastic, viscoelastic, as well as hydrodynamic behavior. Arbitrary finite element topology and a general slide-line treatment significantly extends Lagrangian hydrocode application. Computational experience spans weapons and non-weapons applications.

Public attitude surveys are examined regarding support for government action on solar energy in general and for information dissemination and economic incentive programs in particular. Twenty-nine public attitude surveys with data relevant to solar energy policy were collected. Their findings were separated and recorded under major subject categories for analysis. There is significant support expressed in surveys for government action on solar energy, but nearly half of the respondents do not feel it should replace private effort. Over 70% of respondents say they like solar, but these positive attitudes do not translate directly into willingness to purchase. Information programs and economic incentives elicit approval from well over half of respondents. General knowledge of the existence of solar energy is high, yet about 40% of sampled respondents still have not seen a solar collector. Over 80% do not know details necessary to a purchase decision. Perception of cost seems to be related to purchase intent. Information programs and economic incentives can operate to affect that perception.

The simulator SHAFT79 has been used to study the depletion of different types of geothermal reservoirs. Investigations of idealized systems include effects of gravity and fluid injection. Pressure decline is analyzed as a function of cumulative production. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the well-known p/Z-method for estimating fluid reserves is not applicable to two-phase geothermal reservoirs; (2) there is a strong tendency towards spatially uniform boiling. This causes a pressure decline which allows in many cases estimates of the total reservoir volume and of the total heat content of the reservoir rock; (3) propagation of a boiling front through a deep water table, as a consequence of fluid production, gives rise to a peculiar pattern of pressure decline. This may allow prediction of the distance of the water table from the producing wells and of the vertical thickness of the water zone, thereby giving important clues to estimating fluid reserves; (4) the pressure effects of injection of colder fluid depend strongly on (one- or two-) phase conditions in the reservoir, upon injection rate, and upon absolute permeability. Average pressure may actually decline in two-phase reservoirs rather than increase due to injection. Preliminary results of a case-history investigation of …

Since McDonald, at the beginning of this decade, first proposed that water vapor from SST exhaust would lead to increases in skin cancer, about a dozen man-induced mechanisms have been suggested as threatening to modify our stratospheric ozone uv-shield. Possible thinning of the ozone layer has been attributed to one or more of the catalytic ozone destroyers, water vapor (HO/sub x/), oxides of nitrogen (NO/sub x/), chlorine (ClX); or bromine (BrX). The original catalyst, HO/sub x/, rather quickly lost its role to NO/sub x/. In an almost unique evolution, computed sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to NO/sub x/ progressively declined until a reversal of effect occurred. Models now compute a thickening of the ozone layer for any but high level or very massive injections of NO/sub x/. Meanwhile, computed sensitivity to ClX has fluctuated widely and in 1978 models increased to the point where comparisons with observations were becoming an embarrassment. The potential role of BrX has also increased but awaits a credible source of stratospheric bromine to bring it center stage. More recently the atmospheric build-up of carbon dioxide, by cooling the stratosphere and increasing the chemical equilibrium level of ozone, has also been recognized as a potential modifier of …

The present status of photoelectron spectroscopy in the 50-500 eV range is discussed in relation to its application to surface science. Instrumentation aspects of synchrotron radiation sources are reviewed. The direct transition model is shown to be applicable in this range with some limitations. Cooper minima and adsorbate sensitivity enhancement for h..nu.. > 100 eV are reviewed. A new effect--condensed phase photoelectron asymmetry--is noted. Finally, photoelectron diffraction - another new effect - is described and evaluated.

The perturbation theory of Barker, Henderson, Alder, and others has been extended to gaseous and liquid water first by inclusion of Prigogine's parameter c to account for external degrees of freedom due to rotation and vibration and second by including chemical and hydrogen bonding. Water molecules are assumed to form dimers in chemical equilibrium with monomers in both liquid and vapor phases. Using our equation of state, which contains only two parameters characterizing the water molecule and a temperature-dependent dimerization constant, we fit the saturation pressure of water to within 0.1% (from the triple point to just below the critical point) and the saturated liquid and vapor volumes to within 1.8 and 3.2%, respectively. Superheated-steam and compressed-water volumes and enthalpies (to 800{sup 0}C, 1000 bars) agree with experiment to within 1.2 and 5.4%, respectively. Consideration is also given to the effect of multiple associations (trimers, tetramers, etc.). Our equation may be useful for engineering applications where the above-quoted accuracy is adequate and where a relatively simple analytic equation of state is desirable for computational efficiency.

Further measurements of parity-violating asymmetries in inelastic scattering of polarized electrons from deuterium were made for a range of y values from 0.15 to 0.36. Only a small y-dependemce was observed in the asymmetries. Using the quark-parton model, these results are in good agreement with the Weinberg-Salam predictions. A value of the parameter sin/sup 2/theta/sub W/ = 0.224 +- 0.020 was obtained. 4 figures.

New results are presented from the Lead Glass Wall experiment (SP26) at SPEAR. Motivation was due to recent Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations, for the ..gamma.. + 2 gluons decay mode of orthocharmonium, to search for direct photons from psi(3100) decay. Inclusive ..gamma.. and ..pi../sup 0/ production from psi(3100) decay was measured using the Lead Glass Wall addition to the Mark I detector. ..pi../sup 0/ and charged ..pi.. production are compared and the ..pi../sup 0/ decay contribution to the inclusive ..gamma.. spectrum calculated. An excess of ..gamma..'s was found which is partly explained by eta production and decay, but a signal of high energy direct photons remains. This excess of direct photons is compared with QCD predictions and previously measured radiative decays of the psi(3100).

This report consists of a talk presented at the conclusion of a meeting. As is typical, this talk does not truly summarize what was said at the meeting; the author acknowledges that he discusses several areas of interest to him - some of which were covered at the meeting and some of which were not. High-spin phenomena are divided into collective and noncollective regions, each of which exhibits resolved and unresolved ..gamma.. rays. Rotational spectra in the unresolved collective region are discussed; correlations between ..gamma..-ray energy and spin and between ..gamma..-ray energies in a rotational nucleus are pointed out. In the resolved noncollective region, the spectrum of /sup 152/Dy exhibits a straight line when energy is plotted vs I(I+1); it is concluded that shell effects explain this behavior. In summary, the author in his talk has tried to indicate areas of current research interest. 10 figures. (RWR)

It is argued that renormalized kinetic theory is the appropriate tool with which to study macroscopic properties of stochastic systems. Functional techniques are described which afford a self-consistent description of nonlinear excitation, propagation, and dielectric response of fluctuations in the stochastic regime.

A major problem shared by all large superconducting magnets is the cryogenic cooling system. Most large magnets are cooled by some variation of the helium bath. Helium bath cooling becomes more and more troublesome as the size of the magnet grows and as geometric constraints come into play. An alternative approach to cooling large magnet systems is the forced flow, two phase helium system. The advantages of two phase cooling in many magnet systems are shown. The design of a two phase helium system, with its control dewar, is presented. The paper discusses pressure drop of a two phase system, stability of a two phase system and the method of cool down of a two phase system. The results of experimental measurements at LBL are discussed. Included are the results of cool down and operation of superconducting solenoids.

A program for the solution of the time-dependent, two dimensional, nonlinear, multi-species Fokker-Planck equation is described. The programming is written such that the loop structure is highly vectorizable on the CRAY FORTRAN Compiler. A brief discussion of the Fokker-Planck equation itself is followed by a description of the procedure developed to solve the equation efficiently. The Fokker-Planck equation is a second order partial differential equation whose coefficients depend upon moments of the distribution functions. Both the procedure for the calculation of these coefficients and the procedure for the time advancement of the equation itself must be done efficiently if significant overall time saving is to result. The coefficients are calculated in a series of nested loops, while time advancement is accomplished by a choice of either a splitting or an ADI technique. Overall, timing tests show that the vectorized CRAY program realizes up to a factor of 12 advantage over an optimized CDC-7600 program and up to a factor of 365 over a non-vectorized version of the same program on the CRAY.

HTGR graphite-based spent fuel has been thermally analyzed to provide data for a reprocessing design. Steps include crushing, burning in fluidized beds, size classification, dissolution, and solvent extraction. The principal problem is that the bunkers holding feed and product between steps need sizing for decay heat. Constraints have been set for different modes of cooling. However, criticality may prove stricter. Adverse effects of solvent degradation products in the Acid--Thorex process, mainly dibutyl phosphate (DBP), are reduced by using a partition flowsheet and by adding fluoride ions to the 1BX and 1CX columns.

The hadronic system produced in charged-current antineutrino interactions is used to study fragmentation of the d-quark. Some problems encountered in separating the current quark-fragments are discussed. The fragmentation function for the current quark is in good agreement with the expectations of the naive quark-parton model and, in particular, there is no evidence of either a Q/sup 2/- or x/sub BJ/-dependence. 10 references.

The Fastbus is a modular data bus system for data acquisition and data processing. It is a multiprocessor system with multiple bus segments which operate independently but link together for passing data. It operates asynchronously to accommodate very high- and very low-speed devices over long or short paths, and uses handshake protocols for reliability. It can also operate synchronously without handshakes for transfer of data blocks at maximum speed. The goals, history, and motivation for the Fastbus are summarized briefly. The structure of the Fastbus system is described in general, and some details of its operation are introduced.

Nine papers were presented at the meeting. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper. (LCL)

The importance of considering the deformation of nuclei at high angular momenta in computing transmission coefficients for their decay is examined. Deformations based on the rotating liquid drop model were used to generate transmission coefficients versus compound nucleus angular momentum. The results were then used in a Hauser-Feshbach code that included fission competition to assess the ultimate importance of deformation-modified transmission coefficients. It was found that for a broad range of prolate nuclei (superdeformed) the course of deexcitation predicted changes totally from predominant fission to predominant ..cap alpha.. decay due to a new mechanism called ..cap alpha.. decay amplification. The phase space relationships responsible for this new mechanism are presented. It is shown that this predicted new decay mode of superdeformed nuclei is consistent with a large body of existing experimental results, although more explicit experiments must be completed to confirm the new mechanism. 23 figures, 4 tables.

Dissolution properties of mechanically blended mixed oxide fuel were very dependent on the six fuel fabrication variables studied. Fuel sintering temperature, source of PuO/sub 2/ and PuO/sub 2/ content of the fuel had major effects: (1) as the sintering temperature was increased from 1400 to 1700/sup 0/C, pellet dissolution was more complete; (2) pellets made from burned metal derived PuO/sub 2/ were more completely dissolved than pellets made from calcined nitrate derived PuO/sub 2/ which in turn were more completely dissolved than pellets made from calcined nitrate derived PuO/sub 2/; (3) as the PuO/sub 2/ content decreased from 25 to 15 wt % PuO/sub 2/, pellet dissolution was more complete. Preferential dissolution of uranium occurred in all the mechanically blended mixed oxide. Unirradiated mixed oxide fuel pellets made by the Sol Gel process were generally quite soluble in nitric acid. Unirradiated mixed oxide fuel pellets made by the coprecipitation process dissolved completely and rapidly in nitric acid. Fuel made by the coprecipitation process was more completely dissolved than fuel made by the Sol Gel process which, in turn, was more completely dissolved than fuel made by mechanically blending UO/sub 2/ and PuO/sub 2/ as shown below. Addition of uncomplexed fluoride …

High energy colliding beam physics often requires large detectors which contain large volumes of magnetic field. The TPC (Time Projection Chamber) experiment at PEP will use a 1.5T magnetic field within a cylindrical volume which is 2.04m in diameter bounded by iron poles which are separated by a gap of 3.25m. The TPC magnet, built in 1979 by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), is the largest high current density superconducting magnet built to date. It is designed to operate at a current density of 7 x 10/sup 8/Am/sup -2/ and a stored energy of 11MJ, and it is protected by shorted secondary windings during a quench. The paper describes the basic parameters of the TPC magnet and the results of the first subassembly tests at LBL.

The SPIRIT (A Superconducting Passive Iron Isotope Telescope) experiment requires a large volume (1m/sup 3/) of 2T field in order to achieve enough resolution to study heavy primary cosmic rays. It is proposed that the SPIRIT superconducting magnet system and its experimental package would be used in one of the space shuttles. The superconducting magnet design is based on Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory thin high current density solenoid technology. The superconducting magnet system consists of a number of coils which generate a 2T induction within the experiment, and at the same time allow free access to the package by cosmic rays. The superconducting magnet system uses high current density conductor which is protected by a shorted secondary circuit. The magnet coils are to be cooled by pumped two phase helium which is circulated through tubes. Refrigeration is supplied from a large liquid helium dewar.

Separate abstracts were prepared for the 24 included papers. (MOW)