A collective field accelerator (CFA) was developed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) which operates with a vacuum diode. This diode utilizes a graphite cathode and a dielectric anode that operates with a relativistic electron beam with a ..nu../..gamma.. of approximately 1. Dielectric lenses are used to focus the collectively accelerated electrons and ions which are ejected from a central hole in the anode. The dielectric anode and lenses operate as unoptimized rf cavities which modulate and focus the beam. Diode experiments aimed at directing and stabilizing relativistic plasma filaments have led to appreciably higher ion energy. CFA experiments were conducted with the LLL Pulserad 422 e-beam machine which delivers approximately 2.5 kJ at 1 M volt to the diode in 50 ns. The pertinent results are: maximum proton energy greater than 45 MeV, number of protons approximately 10/sup 14/ per burst, heavy ion energy 7 MeV per nucleon, DD neutrons greater than 10/sup 11/ per burst, p,n neutrons greater than 10/sup 10/ per burst. Of the nuclear reactions which occur, twenty-eight were verified through radionuclide identification using a Ge-Li detector. These nuclides were produced with carbon and fluorine ions impinging on Al, Cu and Ta targets. A large number …

Two prototype large diameter thin coil solenoids which use the mechanical structure to moderate quenches, were built and systematically tested. The solenoids are cooled by two phase helium flowing in tubes which form a part of the coil structure. The coils were tested by inducing a series of quenches at various currents. The results of these tests are given.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) may be purified by absorption on a macroreticular, strong base anion exchange resin. Properties of ion exchange purified HDEHP are in excellent agreement with literature values.

The applications for SU(4) breaking for new particles considered are an expression of the vector and axial vector weak charges of charmed hadrons and a relativistic mass formula for vector mesons. Wave functions defined in momentum space are considered. Quantum numbers of various meson resonances are found. (JFP)

GAPCON-3 provides an integrated thermal and mechanical analysis of a reactor fuel pin in terms of its path-dependent power history. It is designed to handle the axial and radial variations in power, temperature, and fuel cladding mechanical interaction, normally encountered in LWR fuel. It provides detailed information regarding temperatures, stresses, and strains depending upon the mesh size selected and the needs of the user. The code uses a finite element formulation for the mechanical analysis and includes the effects of creep, plasticity, and anisotropy. The steady state thermal calculations are based upon the method of weighted residuals (MWR) and use a finite difference formulation for treating the transient thermal dependence. The fuel behavior models incorporate relocation, swelling, and densification as well as power history-dependent local fission gas release. The code is structured to operate efficiently and to allow its use in both parametric as well as detailed analysis applications. A typical problem on a CDC-6600 computer will require 8 to 10 seconds per time step for solution.

Multiquantum dissociation of polyatomics using intense CO/sub 2/ lasers resulting in isotopic enrichment has been demonstrated for several molecules. In this presentation, the possibility of selective dissociation of NH/sub 3/ and NH/sub 2/D by high power laser radiation at 10 ..mu..m will be considered. Relevant work performed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and elsewhere will be summarized. In this review, attention will be given to four distinct mechanisms that can play varying degrees of importance in such investigations. Discussion will deal with the usefulness of two-resonant-frequency molecular excitation, the role of buffer gases, and the need to monitor the yields into the ground and excited electronic states of the dissociated fragments.

Intermediate level waste solution generated at ORNL is periodically mixed with a cement base blend of dry solids and injected into an impermeable shale formation at an approximate depth of 800 ft. Shortly after the injection the grout mix sets, permanently fixing the radionuclides in the shale formation. A series of three injections of intermediate level waste solution was made in 1975. A total of 190,000 gal of waste solution containing 86,700 Ci of radionuclides was injected. This report is an account of this injection series-- preparations, injections, results, and conclusions. A summary of the volumes and activities that were injected is given.

The laser system requirements for isotope enrichment are presented in the context of an atomic uranium vapor process. Coherently pumped dye lasers using as the pump laser either the frequency doubled Nd:YAG or copper vapor are seen to be quite promising for meeting the near term requirements of a laser isotope separation (LIS) process. The utility of electrical discharge excitation of the rare gas halogens in an LIS context is discussed.

Two recent results from the SPEAR Magnetic detector are covered. A study of psi' ..-->.. ..gamma.. + X, ..gamma gamma..psi, ..gamma../sup +/ hadrons is presented; four intermediate states are seen, branching fractions and production angular distribution are given, which agree with the predictions of the charm quark model. Evidence is presented for 2 narrow new states (charges 0 and 1) decaying to a kaon and pions. Structures are seen in the recoil mass spectra. The production and decay characteristics support the assignment of those states as the low lying nonstrange charmed mesons.

This paper discusses the role of hybrid reactors and compares the mirror approach with other approaches. Past and present mirror hybrid studies are reviewed. A comparison between the hybrid and fusion reactors is made; the conclusion is that hybrids are technologically less demanding in many ways except in dealing with fission wastes. Finally, the development steps that might lead to a commercial hybrid are discussed.

The constraints on neutral beam systems are analyzed, with particular attention to power and gas efficiency. The status of development to meet these constraints is discussed, and a conceptual injector for reactors described.

The possibility of taking advantage of the extended, high temperature solid solubility of Al in Nb in order to produce composite Nb-Nb/sub 3/Al superconductors was investigated. Rapid quenching after an elevated (1950/sup 0/C) solution treatment makes it possible to retain at room temperature a metastable solid solution containing up to 21 at. percent Al. The solid solution transforms into the A-15 phase in the course of a short and relatively low temperature (1000/sup 0/C) aging treatment. The inductively measured onset of superconductivity was 17.6/sup 0/K in a 100 ..mu..m thick core of Nb/sub 3/Al embedded in a Nb matrix and prepared by the quench-age method.

When a spin-1 with quadrupole interaction ..omega../sub Q/ is irradiated near resonance ..omega../sub 0/(..omega../sub 0/-..omega.. = ..delta omega..) with an rf field ..omega../sub 1/ such that ..omega../sub 1/ is much less than ..omega../sub Q/ the density matrix essentially evolves in a three dimensional frame of reference defined by the operators I/sub z,1/ = /sup 1///sub 2/I/sub z/, I/sub z,2/ = /sup 1///sub 2/ (I/sub x/I/sub y/ + I/sub y/I/sub x/), I/sub z,3/ = -/sup 1///sub 2/ (I/sup 2//sub x/ - I/sup 2//sub y/). In this frame, which we term ''z-space'' or the ''double quantum frame'' the effective rf intensity is ..omega../sup 2//sub I//..omega../sub Q/ and the effective resonance offset is 2..delta omega... We demonstrate in this paper that an rf phase shift of phi corresponds to a 2phi shift of ..omega../sup 2//sub I//..omega../sub Q/ in the double quantum frame. This is used to perform double quantum phase reversal and double quantum spin locking. Applications to high resolution deuterium nmr in solids are also illustrated.

Some of the less recognized and potentially important parameters of the electronics and detectors used in X-ray fluorescence spectrometers are discussed. Detector factors include window (dead-layer) effects, time-dependent background and excess background. Noise parameters of field-effect transistors and time-variant pulse shaping are also discussed.

The purpose was to develop and use a model to assess the risk associated with the shipment of nuclear and non-nuclear hazardous energy-related materials. The analysis method comprises the steps of describing the system, identifying the release sequence, evaluating the sequence, and calculating and assessing the risk. Plutonium shipment is used as an example. Uses of this method to improve transportation safety are discussed. 12 fig. (DLC)

Neutral injection into 2XIIB has started and sustained a hot ion plasma of n/sub h/ = 10/sup 13/ - 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/ and anti E/sub i/ = 9 to 14 keV. The experiment and its interpretation are discussed.

Procedures for the calibration of different types of laboratory equipment are described. Provisions for maintaining the integrity of reference and working standards traceable back to a national standard are discussed. Methods of validation and certification methods are included. An appendix lists available publications and services of national standardizing agencies.

Multifilament Nb/sub 3/Sn conductors are now at the stage where several coils have been constructed and various types of material are available commercially from several suppliers. Even so, some questions remain with regard to the reliable use of this material, particularly in large-scale systems. The initial portion of this paper covers the main features of past work as they relate to the present situation. In the latter part, those areas where major uncertainties remain are described along with current projected work in these areas.

The energy levels and wave functions of the ground and first few singlet and triplet excited states of the F center in MgO, CaO, and SrO were calculated as a function of the nearest neighbor ion positions. Configuration coordinate curves for A/sub 1g/, E/sub g/ and T/sub 2g/ displacements have been constructed and used to interpret the absorption and luminescence bands of the F center. The energy of the /sup 1/A/sub 1g/ ..-->.. /sup 1/T/sub 1u/ transition was set near the experimental value in each case by adjusting certain parameters in the model. The calculated energy level schemes partially support the interpretations of published experimental data on the luminescence bands in MgO and CaO and suggest that the /sup 3/T/sub 1u/ ..-->.. /sup 1/A/sub 1g/ luminescence in SrO should occur at roughly 0.4 eV. A luminescence band associated with the F center in SrO has not yet been reported. The calculations of the Jahn--Teller coupling constants indicate that the /sup 3/T/sub 1u/ state is strongly coupled to the E/sub g/ vibrational mode in CaO and to the T/sub 2g/ mode in MgO and SrO.

A thin-film dc SQUID gradiometer has been fabricated on a single planar substrate. The superconducting pick-up loops consist of a lead strip in the form of a 48 x 16 mm rectangle with a niobium strip bisecting the rectangle. A tunnel junction dc SQUID is symmetrically located on the niobium strip. If there is a spatial gradient in the magnetic field applied to the gradiometer so that the magnetic fluxes threading the two pick-up loops differ, a supercurrent is induced in the niobium strip that is detected by the SQUID. The noise power spectrum of the SQUID is white down to a frequency of about 5 x 10/sup -2/ Hz with a rms flux noise of 8 x 10/sup -5/ phi/sub 0/ Hz/sup --1/2/, corresponding to a gradient sensitivity of 2 x 10/sup -10/G cm/sup -1/ Hz/sup -1/2/.

The tests of quantum electrodynamics derived from bound systems and the free electron and muon magnetic moments are reviewed. The emphasis is on the areas in which recent developments in theory or experiment have taken place. Also determinations of the fine structure constant from the Josephson effect and the fine structure of helium are discussed. (JFP)

What happens to actinides in reactors. The growth and decay of these nuclides are controlled primarily by capture and fission cross sections and by the reactor flux, all of which are strong functions of neutron energy. A number of selected cross section measurements are still required to predict with confidence answers to two important future questions. These are (1) whether specific neutron shielding will be required during fuel transportation or reprocessing (i.e., the spontaneous fission yields expected) and (2) whether it is possible and desirable to recycle chemically separated heavy actinides in reactors and ''burn'' them to short-lived fission products. Recent progress in the understanding of these questions is reviewed. Several recent measurements at ORELA which are germane to these questions are described briefly. Among these are fission cross section measurements on small ultrapure samples which are intensely alpha-radioactive. An ionization chamber with hemispherical plates is used to reduce the alpha pulses counted by a factor greater than 10/sup 10/ while permitting greater than 95 percent fission counting efficiency. Preliminary results of measurements on /sup 245/Cm and /sup 243/Cm and results of an earlier measurement on /sup 249/Cf with solid state detectors are presented.

A comparison is made between the limits of detection for trace elements when charged-particle and photon excited X-ray fluorescence analysis are performed on a specific type of sample (5 mg/cm/sup 2/ organic based). Large-scale analysis (approximately 30,000 samples per year) at levels of 1 ppM or lower is shown to be practical with either technique when well executed. Determining the physical reason for unexplained detector background is shown to be very important particularly for the potential improvement that might be realized in photon-excited analysis applications.

Many questions have been raised during the 1970's regarding the possible modification of the ozonosphere by aircraft operating in the stratosphere. Concern also has been expressed over the manner in which the ozonosphere may change in the future as a result of fluorocarbon releases. There are also other ways by which the ozonosphere may be significantly altered, both anthropogenic and natural. Very basic questions have been raised, bearing upon the amount of ozone which would be destroyed by the NO/sub x/ produced in atmospheric nuclear explosions. Studies of the available satellite data have suggested that the worldwide increase of ozone during the past decade, which was observed over land stations, may have been biased by a poor distribution of stations and/or a shift of the planetary wave. Additional satellite data will be required to resolve this issue. Proposals are presented for monitoring of the Earth's ozone variability from the present time into the 1980's to establish a baseline upon which regional, as well as global, ozone trends can be measured. (CH)