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20,379 Matching Results
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Feasibility of laser pumping with neutron fluxes from present-day large tokamaks
The minimum fusion-neutron flux needed to observe nuclear-pumped lasing with tokamaks can be reduced substantially by optimizing neutron scattering into the laser cell, located between adjacent toroidal-field coils. The laser lines most readily pumped are probably the /sup 3/He-Ne lines at 0.633 ..mu.. and in the infrared, where the /sup 3/He-Ne gas is excited by energetic ions produced in the /sup 3/He(n,p)T reaction. These lines are expected to lase at the levels of D-T neutron flux foreseen for the TFTR in 1989 (>>10/sup 12/ n/cm/sup 2//s), while amplification should be observable at the existing levels of D-D neutron flux (greater than or equal to 5 x 10/sup 9/ n/cm/sup 2//s). Lasing on the 1.73 ..mu.. and 2.63 ..mu.. transitions of Xe may be observable at the maximum expected levels of D-T neutron flux in TFTR enhanced by scattering.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Jassby, D. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Assessment: geothermal direct heat project, Marlin, Texas
The Federal action addressed by this Environmental Assessment (EA) is joint funding the retrofitting of a heating and hot water system in a hospital at Marlin, Texas, with a geothermal preheat system. The project will be located within the existing hospital boiler room. One supply well was drilled in an existing adjacent parking lot. It was necessary to drill the well prior to completion of this environmental assessment in order to confirm the reservoir and to obtain fluids for analysis in order to assess the environmental effects of fluid disposal. Fluid from operation will be disposed of by discharging it directly into existing street drains, which will carry the fluid to Park Lake and eventually the Brazos River. Fluid disposal activities are regulated by the Texas Railroad Commission. The local geology is determined by past displacements in the East Texas Basin. Boundaries are marked by the Balcones and the Mexia-Talco fault systems. All important water-bearing formations are in the cretaceous sedimentary rocks and are slightly to highly saline. Geothermal fluids are produced from the Trinity Group; they range from approximately 3600 to 4000 ppM TDS. Temperatures are expected to be above 64/sup 0/C (147/sup 0/F). Surface water flows southeastward as …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stirling total energy systems study. Final report, May 15, 1976--June 13, 1977
The application of Stirling cycle prime movers to total energy power generation systems was investigated. Electrical, heating, and cooling demand profiles for a typical residential complex, hospital, and office building were studied, and alternative Stirling total energy systems were conceptualized for each site. These were analyzed in detail and contrasted with purchased-power systems for these sites to determine fuel-energy savings and investment attractiveness. The residential complex and hospital would be excellent candidates for total energy systems, and prime movers in the 1000 kW output range would be required. Stirling engines with so large an output have not been built to date, although there would be no fundamental technical barrier to prevent this. However, careful consideration must be given to the following technological decision areas before arriving at a final design, if its potential is to be realized: engine configuration, hotside heat exchange interface, engine control system, internal gas seals, and advanced coal combustion technology. The principal advantage of a Stirling prime mover in this application, in view of national concern over present and future dependence on oil, is that it could utilize low-grade liquid fuels and coal.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Lehrfeld, D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compositional analysis technique for HNS/Kel-F 800
A compositional analysis procedure for the plastic-bonded explosive consisting of HNS and Kel-F 800 is presented. The Kel-F is determined gravimetrically after extraction of the HNS with fuming nitric acid. The HNS content is calculated by difference.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Sandoval, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Plutonium isotopic analysis of highly enriched mixed oxides
We investigated the analysis method used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to determine the plutonium isotopic composition of highly enriched mixed oxides (MOX). The IAEA currently uses the Cicero multichannel analyzer and the IAEAPU algorithm for its analysis. In our investigation the plutonium isotopic measurements were found to be good for PuO/sub 2/ powder or low-enriched MOX, but acceptable for highly enriched MOX in IAEA special nuclear material (SNM) accountability applications. The gamma-ray interferences from /sup 235/U resulted in underestimation of the isotopic composition of /sup 239/Pu and overestimation of all other plutonium isotopes. Samples with high /sup 240/Pu content were found to have significantly higher error in plutonium isotopic analyses of highly enriched MOX. Code modifications or use of calibration curves are necessary for plutonium isotopic analyses of highly enriched MOX in IAEA SNM accountability applications.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Clement, S. D. & Augustson, R. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND CALCULATIONS OF RESONANCE ABSORPTION. Final Report
A direct numerical integration of the integral equation for the average collision density in the absorber was previously suggested in a discussion of resonance absorption. The implementation of this program is considered. The method of calculation, comparison with experimental data, and the computer code developed are described. The method of integration, computation of cross sections, selection of mesh size, integration interval, outside correction, the Dancoff correction, and unresolved resonances are discussed. Resonance integrals for U/sup 235/ and Th2/sup >/s3>s/sup 2/ were calculated and compared with experiment. (M.C.G.)
Date:
August 28, 1961
Creator:
Nordheim, L.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Identifying suitable "piercement" salt domes for nuclear waste storage sites
Piercement salt domes of the northern interior salt basins of the Gulf of Mexico are being considered as permanent storage sites for both nuclear and chemically toxic wastes. The suitable domes are stable and inactive, having reached their final evolutionary configuration at least 30 million years ago. They are buried to depths far below the level to which erosion will penetrate during the prescribed storage period and are not subject to possible future reactivation. The salt cores of these domes are themselves impermeable, permitting neither the entry nor exit of ground water or other unwanted materials. In part, a stable dome may be recognized by its present geometric configuration, but conclusive proof depends on establishing its evolutionary state. The evolutionary state of a dome is obtained by reconstructing the growth history of the dome as revealed by the configuration of sedimentary strata in a large area (commonly 3,000 square miles or more) surrounding the dome. A high quality, multifold CDP reflection seismic profile across a candidate dome will provide much of the necessary information when integrated with available subsurface control. Additional seismic profiles may be required to confirm an apparent configuration of the surrounding strata and an interpreted evolutionary history. …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Kehle, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Criticality experiments with mixed oxide fuel pin arrays in plutonium-uranium nitrate solution
A series of critical experiments was completed with mixed plutonium-uranium solutions having a Pu/(Pu + U) ratio of approximately 0.22 in a boiler tube-type lattice assembly. These experiments were conducted as part of the Criticality Data Development Program between the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) and the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC) of Japan. A complete description of the experiments and data are included in this report. The experiments were performed with an array of mixed oxide fuel pins in aqueous plutonium-uranium solutions. The fuel pins were contained in a boiler tube-type tank and arranged in a 1.4 cm square pitch array which resembled cylindrical geometry. One experiment was perfomed with the fuel pins removed from the vessel. The experiments were performed with a water reflector. The concentration of the solutions in the boiler tube-type tank was varied from 4 to 468 g (Pu + U)/liter. The ratio of plutonium to total heavy metal (plutonium plus uranium) was approximately 0.22 for all experiments.
Date:
August 1, 1988
Creator:
Lloyd, R.C. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Smolen, G.R. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-level waste program progress report, April 1, 1980-June 30, 1980
The highlights of this report are on: waste management analysis for nuclear fuel cycles; fixation of waste in concrete; study of ceramic and cermet waste forms; alternative high-level waste forms development; and high-level waste container development.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physicochemical Studies of the Carbamate-CO/sub 2/-Solvent System
The formation of carbamate from CO/sub 2/ and the various amine solutions has been investigated for the purpose of elucidating the structure of the species generated in the reaction. The amine solutions used were 1 and 2 molar solutions of di-n-butylamine (DNBA) in triethylamine (TEA), pure DNBA and pure TEA. It has been found that the nonaqueous solvent participates in the formation of carbamate in 1 and 2M-DNBA/TEA solutions as a proton acceptor in DNBA-carbamate formation. However, due to the high concentration of the solutions and the basicities of the amines, a significant amount of DNBA which does not form the DNBA-carbamate anion is also found to be participating as a proton acceptor. Pure TEA absorbs only /sup 1///sub 60/ of the absorption by pure DNBA. The extent of TEA participation in the CO/sub 2/-absorption process other than as a proton acceptor in DNBA-carbamate is negligible. The formation of carbamic acid and zwitterion have been found unlikely. 7 tables, 15 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Prencipe, M. & Ishida, T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Manual of analytical methods for the Industrial Hygiene Chemistry Laboratory
This Manual is compiled from techniques used in the Industrial Hygiene Chemistry Laboratory of Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The procedures are similar to those used in other laboratories devoted to industrial hygiene practices. Some of the methods are standard; some, modified to suit our needs; and still others, developed at Sandia. The authors have attempted to present all methods in a simple and concise manner but in sufficient detail to make them readily usable. It is not to be inferred that these methods are universal for any type of sample, but they have been found very reliable for the types of samples mentioned.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Greulich, K. A. & Gray, C. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A TRANSISTORIZED ALPHA COUNTER FOR AN ALPHA GAUGE
A transistorized instrument prototype was designed and constructed to replace a vacuum-tube instrument in an alpha gauge, which measures the thickness density of gases. The instrument amplifies, shapes, discriminates, and counts alpha pulses from a Au-Si surface-barrier detector exposed to an alpha source in a gas-filled chamber. The circuit consists of a charge-sensitive preamplifier, a main amplifier with pulse clipping, a Schmitt trigger, a diode pump, and a count rate meter. Preliminary tests gave results comparable to the vacuum-tube instrument. Accuracy of counting was within 10% for 0.5- to 10-Mev alpha particles emitted at a maximum rate of 10/sup 6 per sec. The instrument was stable at 25 to 55 deg C, is small and portable, and costs less than 0. An infinitely thick, alpha source that will give a high count rate is being constructed for final tests. (auth)
Date:
August 23, 1962
Creator:
Kopp, M.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Westinghouse Hanford Company waste minimization and pollution prevention awareness program plan
The purpose of this plan is to establish the Westinghouse Hanford Company's Waste Minimization Program. The plan specifies activities and methods that will be employed to reduce the quantity and toxicity of waste generated at Westinghouse Hanford Company (Westinghouse Hanford). It is designed to satisfy the US Department of Energy (DOE) and other legal requirements that are discussed in Subsection C of the section. The Pollution Prevention Awareness Program is included with the Waste Minimization Program as permitted by DOE Order 5400.1 (DOE 1988a). This plan is based on the Hanford Site Waste Minimization and Pollution Prevention Awareness Program Plan, which directs DOE Field Office, Richland contractors to develop and maintain a waste minimization program. This waste minimization program is an organized, comprehensive, and continual effort to systematically reduce waste generation. The Westinghouse Hanford Waste Minimization Program is designed to prevent or minimize pollutant releases to all environmental media from all aspects of Westinghouse Hanford operations and offers increased protection of public health and the environment. 14 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Craig, P.A.; Nichols, D.H. & Lindsey, D.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PHYSICS DIVISION SUMMARY REPORT, JANUARY--MARCH 1968
None
Date:
August 31, 1968
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Radiation Leakage Survey of the Shield of the Nuclear Ship Savannah
A detailed 4urvey of the radiation from the N.S. Savannah shield was made. The study was accomplished with the reactor at its full power of 69 Mw during a cruise of 2821 miles. The results of the detailed shield survey show that the design dose rate of 0.5 rem/yr for passenger spaces is not exceeded in any region to which passengers have access. ln the area restricted to crew access the design dose rate of 5.0 rem/yr is nowhere exceeded except in a small region on D'' deck in a room to which entry can readily be controlled. Specifications for cargohold dose rates, 0.5 rem/yr at 1/5 full power, are satisfactorily met. Additional data obtained include measurements of special points for comparison with dose rates predicted in design calculations, and an experiment examining the result of loss of water from the Savannah's subreactor shield tanks. Predicted dose rates were conservatively higher than the dose rates measured, and the result of the water-loss experiment showed that even with a total emptying of the tanks a safe condition exists only a few feet from the shield. (auth)
Date:
August 29, 1962
Creator:
Blizard, E.P.; Blosser, T.V. & Freestone, R.M. Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Annotated Bibliography of Theories of the Equation of State of Ionized Gases and Strong Electrolyte Solutions
This bibliography lists 297 references on the equation of state of ionized gases and electrolyte solutions, including calculations of closely related quantities such as free energy, partition functions, o smotic pre ssure, activity coefficients, and equilibrium compositions of partially ionized systems. A subject index and a supplementary list of 42 bibliographies on plasma physics and similar topics are included. (auth)
Date:
August 1, 1961
Creator:
Brush, S. G. & Wensrich, C. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thin polymer icemaker development and test program
We have constructed and tested a small device to produce ice in ice/water mixtures using a cold fluid as the heat sink. The device is a flexible heat exchanger constructed from a thin film of a suitable polymer. When filled with circulating liquid coolant the heat exchanger consists of an inflated series of parallel tubes; ice forms on the outside in complementary half cylinders. When the circulation is cut off, gravity drains the coolant and the static head of the water bath crushes the tubes, freeing them from the ice which floats to the surface. Brine circulation is then re-started and the cycle begins again. Here we report recent testing of this device: it makes ice readily under water and easily sheds the semi-cylinders of ice over many cycles of operation. It produces ice at a rate of 10 kg/m{sup 2}-hour. It offers substantial benefits in simplicity and reliability over mechanical harvester ice making systems, and the potential for significant improvements in energy efficiency compared to systems which use a re-heat cycle to harvest the ice. A reliable method of leak detection has been developed. The device should be of substantial value to systems where efficiency and reliability are at …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Leigh, R.W. (Pratt Inst., Brooklyn, NY (United States))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fluidized-bed waste-heat recovery system development. Semiannual report, February 1, 1983-July 31, 1983
A major energy loss in industry is the heat content of the flue gases from industrial process heaters. One effective way to utilize this energy, which is applicable to all processes, is to preheat the combustion air from the process heater. Although recuperators are available to preheat this air when the flue gases are clean, recuperators to recover the heat from dirty and corrosive flue gases do not exist. The Fluidized-Bed Waste-Heat Recovery (FBWHR) System is designed to preheat this combustion air using the heat available in dirty flue gas streams. In this system, a recirculating medium is heated by the flue gas in a fluidized bed. The hot medium is then removed from the bed and placed in a second fluidized bed where it is fluidized by the combustion air. Through this process, the combustion air is heated. The cooled medium is then returned to the first bed. Initial development of this concept is for the aluminum smelting industry. In this report, the accomplishments of the proceeding six-month period are described.
Date:
August 1, 1983
Creator:
Cole, W. E.; De Saro, R. & Joshi, C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Micro-scale mass-transfer variations during electrodeposition
Results of two studies on micro-scale mass-transfer enhancement are reported: (1) Profiled cross-sections of striated zinc surfaces deposited in laminar channel flow were analyzed with fast-fourier transforms (FFT) to determine preferred striation wavelengths. Striation frequency increases with current density until a minimum separation between striae of 150 {mu}m is reached. Beyond this point, independent of substrate used, striae meld together and form a relatively smooth, nodular deposit. Substrates equipped with artificial micron-sized protrusions result in significantly different macro-morphology in zinc deposits. Micro-patterned electrodes (MPE) with hemispherical protrusions 5 {mu}m in diameter yield thin zinc striae at current densities that ordinarily produce random nodular deposits. MPEs with artificial hemi-cylinders, 2.5 {mu}m in height and spaced 250 {mu}m apart, form striae with a period which matches the spacing of micron-sized ridges. (2) A novel, corrosion-resistant micromosaic electrode was fabricated on a silicon wafer. Measurements of mass-transport enhancement to a vertical micromosaic electrode caused by parallel bubble streams rising inside of the diffusion boundary-layer demonstrated the presence of two co-temporal enhancement mechanisms: surface-renewal increases the limiting current within five bubble diameters of the rising column, while bubble-induced laminar flows cause weaker enhancement over a much broader swath. The enhancement caused by bubble curtains …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Sutija, D.P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement and analysis of flow wall shear stress in an interior subchannel of triangular array rods. [LMFBR]
A simulated model of triangular array rods with pitch to diameter ratio of 1.10 (as a test section) and air as the fluid flow was used to study the LMFBR hydraulic parameters. The wall shear stress distribution around the rod periphery, friction factors, static pressure distributions and turbulence intensity corresponding to various Reynolds numbers ranging from 4140 to 36170 in the central subchannel were measured. Various approaches for measurement of wall shear stress were compared. The measurement was performed using the Preston tube technique with the probe outside diameter equal to 0.014 in.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Fakori-Monazah, M.R. & Todreas, N.E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanism for Diffusion Induced Grain Boundary Migration
Grain boundaries are found to migrate under certain conditions when solute atoms are diffused along them. This phenomenon, termed diffusion induced grain boundary migration (DIGM), has now been found in six systems. The observed phenomenon and empirical data are used to discard certain concepts for the driving force and the mechanism. A mechanism is proposed in which differences in the diffusion coefficients of the diffusing species along the grain boundary cause a self-sustaining climb of grain boundary dislocations and motion of their associated grain boundary steps.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Balluffi, R. W. & Cahn, J. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pu-238 fuel form activities, February 1-28, 1985
The Plutonium Fuel Form Facility (for producing /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ for RTG's) remains in a production readiness mode of operation. (DLC)
Date:
August 1, 1985
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EFFECT OF NEUTRON IRRADIATION ON MATERIALS SUBJECTED TO MULTI-AXIAL STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS. Quarterly Report for the Period Ending June 30, 1962
Activities in a program to determine the effects of neutron irradiation on A-302B steel are reported. Plans are discussed concerning performance tests on tensile, notched tensile, tube, and Charpy specimens. An irradiation capsule design was finalized. A theoretical analysis of the critical conditions arising in a tube subjected to both internal pressure and axial load is included. (J.R.D.)
Date:
August 13, 1962
Creator:
Trozera, T A
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inelastic processes in seismic wave generation by underground explosions
Theories, computer calculations, and measurements of spherical stress waves from explosions are described and compared, with emphasis on the transition from inelastic to almost-elastic relations between stress and strain. Two aspects of nonspherical explosion geometry are considered: tectonic strain release and surface spall. Tectonic strain release affects the generation of surface waves; spall closure may also. The reduced-displacement potential is a common solution (the equivalent elastic source) of the forward and inverse problems, assuming a spherical source. Measured reduced-displacement potentials are compared with potentials calculated as solutions of the direct and inverse problems; there are significant differences between the results of the two types of calculations and between calculations and measurements. The simple spherical model of an explosion is not sufficient to account for observations of explosions over wide ranges of depth and yield. The explosion environment can have a large effect on explosion detection and yield estimation. The best sets of seismic observations for use in developing discrimination techniques are for high-magnitude high-yield explosions; the identification problem is most difficult for low-magnitude low-yield explosions. Most of the presently available explosion data (time, medium, depth, yield, etc.) are for explosions in a few media at the Nevada Test Site; some …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Rodean, H.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library