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Gauge invariant description of heavy quark bound states in quantum chromodynamics
A model for a heavy quark meson is proposed in the framework of a gauge-invariant version of quantum chromodynamics. The field operators in this formulation are taken to be Wilson loops and strings with quark-antiquark ends. The fundamental differential equations of point-like Q.C.D. are expressed as variational equations of the extended loops and strings. The 1/N expansion is described, and it is assumed that nonleading effects such as intermediate quark pairs and nonplanar gluonic terms can be neglected. The action of the Hamiltonian in the A/sub 0/ = 0 gauge on a string operator is derived. A trial meson wave functional is constructed consisting of a path-averaged string operator applied to the full vacuum. A Gaussian in the derivative of the path location is assumed for the minimal form of the measure over paths. A variational parameter is incorporated in the measure as the exponentiated coefficient of the squared path location. The expectation value of the Hamiltonian in the trial state is evaluated for the assumption that the negative logarithm of the expectation value of a Wilson loop is proportional to the loop area. The energy is then minimized by deriving the equivalent quantum mechanical Schroedinger's equation and using the …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Moore, S. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advances in materials science, Metals and Ceramics Division. Triannual progress report, February-May 1980
Research is reported in the magnetic fusion energy and laser fusion energy programs, aluminium-air battery and vehicle research, geothermal research, nuclear waste management, basic energy science, and chemistry and materials science. (FS)
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Truhan, J.J. & Gordon, K.M. (eds.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Expected environments in high-level nuclear waste and spent fuel repositories in salt
The purpose of this report is to describe the expected environments associated with high-level waste (HLW) and spent fuel (SF) repositories in salt formations. These environments include the thermal, fluid, pressure, brine chemistry, and radiation fields predicted for the repository conceptual designs. In this study, it is assumed that the repository will be a room and pillar mine in a rock-salt formation, with the disposal horizon located approx. 2000 ft (610 m) below the surface of the earth. Canistered waste packages containing HLW in a solid matrix or SF elements are emplaced in vertical holes in the floor of the rooms. The emplacement holes are backfilled with crushed salt or other material and sealed at some later time. Sensitivity studies are presented to show the effect of changing the areal heat load, the canister heat load, the barrier material and thickness, ventilation of the storage room, and adding a second row to the emplacement configuration. The calculated thermal environment is used as input for brine migration calculations. The vapor and gas pressure will gradually attain the lithostatic pressure in a sealed repository. In the unlikely event that an emplacement hole will become sealed in relatively early years, the vapor space …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Claiborne, H.C. & Rickertsen, L.D., Graham, R.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of aluminum corrosion in aluminum solar heat collectors using aqueous glycol solution for heat transfer. Annual technical progress report, July 30, 1979-July 31, 1980
The effects of glycol aging at elevated temperatures over long periods of time were studied and the zinc powder protective technique was optimized. Glycols are known to gradually decompose into organic acids at high temperatures. These product species may be aggressive to aluminum in the long run. In addition, corrosion inhibitors may also breakdown due to continuous exposure to high temperatures. As for the zinc powder protective technique, efforts have been made to determine the optimal conditions under which aluminum solar collector panels can be protected most effectively and economically. Both uninhibited and inhibited ethylene as well as propyleneglycols have been aged at three different temperatures (100, 140, and 190/sup 0/C) for 6000 hours continuously. Aliquot samples were taken at 1000 hour intervals for pH measurement and chemical analysis. Results showed that in most cases solution pH dropped sharply during the first 1000 hours of exposure and gradually decreased at a slower pace as the aging process progressed. It was also noted that higher temperatures appeared to hasten this pH shift. The corrosiveness of these aged glycol solutions towards aluminum was determined based on laboratory corrosion tests. The critical pitting potential (E/sub p/) of aluminum in chloride-ion containing aqueous glycol …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Wong, D. & Cocks, F.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fire protection countermeasures for containment ventilation systems
The goal of this project is to find countermeasures to protect High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters, in exit ventilation ducts, from the heat and smoke generated by fire. Initially, methods were developed to cool fire-heated air by fine water spray upstream of the filters. It was recognized that smoke aerosol exposure to HEPA filters could also cause disruption of the containment system. Through testing and analysis, several methods to partially mitigate the smoke exposure to the HEPA filters were identified. A continuous, movable, high-efficiency prefilter using modified commercial equipment was designed. The technique is capable of protecting HEPA filters over the total time duration of the test fires. The reason for success involved the modification of the prefiltration media. Commercially available filter media has particle sorption efficiency that is inversely proportional to media strength. To achieve properties of both efficiency and strength, rolling filter media were laminated with the desired properties. The approach was Edisonian, but truncation in short order to a combination of prefilters was effective. The application of this technique was qualified, since it is of use only to protect HEPA filters from fire-generated smoke aerosols. It is not believed that this technique is cost effective in …
Date:
August 25, 1980
Creator:
Alvares, N.; Beason, D.; Bergman, V.; Creighton, J.; Ford, H. & Lipska, A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Toxicology and metabolism of nickel compounds. Progress report, December 1, 1979-November 30, 1980
The toxicology and metabolism of nickel compounds (e.g., NiCl/sub 2/, ..cap alpha..Ni/sub 3/S/sub 2/, and Ni(CO)/sub 4/) were investigated in rats and hamsters.
Date:
August 15, 1980
Creator:
Sunderman, Jr, F W
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sediment and radionuclide transport in rivers. Phase 3. Field sampling program for Cattaraugus and Buttermilk Creeks, New York
A field sampling program was conducted on Cattaraugus and Buttermilk Creeks, New York during April 1979 to investigate the transport of radionuclides in surface waters as part of a continuing program to provide data for application and verification of Pacific Northwest Laboratory's (PNL) sediment and radionuclide transport model, SERATRA. Bed sediment, suspended sediment and water samples were collected during unsteady flow conditions over a 45 mile reach of stream channel. Radiological analysis of these samples included gamma ray spectrometry analysis, and radiochemical separation and analysis of Sr-90, Pu-238, Pu-239, 240, Am-241 and Cm-244. Tritium analysis was also performed on water samples. Based on the evaluation of radionuclide levels in Cattaraugus and Buttermilk Creeks, the Nuclear Fuel Services facility at West Valley, New York, may be the source of Cs-137, Sr-90, Cs-134, Co-60, Pu-238, Pu-239, 240, Am-241, Cm-244 and tritium found in the bed sediment, suspended sediment and water of Buttermilk and Cattaraugus Creeks. This field sampling effort was the last of a three phase program to collect hydrologic and radiologic data at different flow conditions.
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Ecker, R. M.; Walters, W. H. & Onishi, Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Flux Isotope Reactor. Quarterly report, October, November, and December 1979
Routine reactor operation with four end-of-cycle shutdowns and one scheduled midcycle shutdown resulted in an on-stream time of 93.6% for the quarter. This gave the HFIR an on-stream time for the year of 91.3%. The outer control plates were replaced, and the annual core components inspection was made.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Corbett, B.L. & Poteet, K.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design, fabricate and test a complete laboratory scale coal feeder injector system. Phase III. Final report, 30 April 1980
This report summarizes the results of the Phase III of the Coal Feeder Development Program carried out by Foster-Miller Associates, Inc., for the US Department of Energy. During Phase III development was continued on two feeder concepts which had demonstrated the most promise in Phase II. These included: the Linear Pocket Feeder (LPF) and the Centrifugal Feeder. As a part of the feeder development work, a new feeder test facility was developed with seven times the capacity of the test facilities used in the previous phase. The LPF prototype was subjected to a continuing cycle of test, evaluation, redesign, and retest. Total feeder operating time reached 345 h. Solutions to all reliability problems identified to date have been developed. Development of a second generation pilot scale prototype is recommended. The 200 lb/in/sup 2/ centrifugal feeder developed in Phase II was modified and used to develop design data for a second generation centrifugal feeder prototype. This prototype was designed to operate at backpressures to 500 psig and feed rates of 3 to 5 tons/h. Testing of the feeder was terminated after 6 weeks to conserve funds for the LPF development work. The 500 lb/in/sup 2/ feeder prototype represents a substantial advance …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Harding, J. C.; Hannoosh, J. & Chandrasekhar, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Techniques of analyzing the impacts of certain electric-utility ratemaking and regulatory-policy concepts. Bibliography
This bibliography provides documentation for use by state public utility commissions and major nonregulated utilities in evaluating the applicability of a wide range of electric utility rate design and regulatory concepts in light of certain regulatory objectives. Part I, Utility Regulatory Objectives, contains 2084 citations on conservation of energy and capital; efficient use of facilities and resources; and equitable rates to electricity consumers. Part II, Rate Design Concepts, contains 1238 citations on time-of-day rates; seasonally-varying rates; cost-of-service rates; interruptible rates (including the accompanying use of load management techniques); declining block rates; and lifeline rates. Part III, Regulatory Concepts, contains 1282 references on restrictions on master metering; procedures for review of automatic adjustment clauses; prohibitions of rate or regulatory discrimination against solar, wind, or other small energy systems; treatment of advertising expenses; and procedures to protect ratepayers from abrupt termination of service.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Some properties of the log-Laplace distribution
A random variable ..gamma.. is said to have the Laplace distribution or the double exponential distribution whenever its probability density function is given by lambda exp(-lambda absolute value (y)), where -infinity < y < infinity and lambda > 0. The random variable X = exp(..gamma..) is said to have the log-Laplace distribution. With the problem of extrapolation to low doses in dose response curves as a motivation, an axiomatic characterization of the log-Laplace distribution is obtained. 1 figure.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Uppuluri, V.R.R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emergency fuels utilization guidebook. Alternative Fuels Utilization Program
The basic concept of an emergency fuel is to safely and effectively use blends of specification fuels and hydrocarbon liquids which are free in the sense that they have been commandeered or volunteered from lower priority uses to provide critical transportation services for short-duration emergencies on the order of weeks, or perhaps months. A wide variety of liquid hydrocarbons not normally used as fuels for internal combustion engines have been categorized generically, including limited information on physical characteristics and chemical composition which might prove useful and instructive to fleet operators. Fuels covered are: gasoline and diesel fuel; alcohols; solvents; jet fuels; kerosene; heating oils; residual fuels; crude oils; vegetable oils; gaseous fuels.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Creep healing of fractures in rock salt
Fracture and healing experiments were performed on specimens of bedded salt from the Salado formation, southeastern New Mexico. Short rod specimens (100 mm in diameter) were loaded to failure in tension. During each test, a crack was initiated along the axis of the specimen. The fracture toughness of the salt was determined from the resulting load-crack opening displacement record. After the test, each specimen was pieced back together, jacketed and placed in a pressure vessel under hydrostatic pressure for several days. The confining pressure (10 to 35 MPa), temperature (22 to 100/sup 0/C) and healing time (4 to 8 days) were varied to determine the effect of each on the healing process. Upon removal from the pressure vessel, each sample was retested and the toughness of the healed fracture was determined. Results show that the salt specimens regained 70 to 80% of their original strength under all conditions except at the lowest temperature and pressure where specimens regained only 20 to 30% of their original strength. It is suspected that the primary mechanism involved is creep of asperities along the fracture surface which forms an interlocking network. Thus, the healing pressure is probably the most significant variable.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Costin, L. S. & Wawersik, W. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential airborne release from soil-working operations in a contaminated area
Experiments were performed to provide an indication of how much material could be made airborne during soil-working operations in a contaminated area. Approximately 50 kg of contaminated soil were collected, dried, and mixed, and particle size distribution and /sup 137/Cs content were characterized. In four experiments performed in a 2 ft x 2 ft wind tunnel at the Radioactive Aerosol Release Test Facility, soil was pumped into an airstream moving at 3.2, 10.4, 15.2, and 20 mph. These experiments were designed to maximize airborne releases by fluidizing the soil as it was pumped into the wind tunnel. Thus the airborne releases should represent upper limit values for soil-working operations. Airborne concentration and particle size samples were collected and all of the material deposited downstream was collected to calculate a mass balance. The fraction airborne was calculated using these measurements.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Sutter, S. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
User's guide for revised SPEC-4 neutron spectrum unfolding code
The SPEC-4 computer code was developed in the United Kingdom to solve the spectrum unfolding problem for spherical gas-filled proton-recoil neutron spectrometers. This report describes the ORNL version of SPEC-4 which has been applied to the analysis of data from the Tower Shielding Facility. Recent modifications are described which largely pertain to the graphical output routines. In addition, the input requirements are presented in considerable detail including suggestions and recommendations based on actual operating experience. Finally, auxiliary programs are discussed which can aid the SPEC-4 user.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Johnson, J.O. & Ingersoll, D.T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Actinide production in /sup 136/Xe bombardments of /sup 249/Cf
The production cross sections for the actinide products from /sup 136/Xe bombardments of /sup 249/Cf at energies 1.02, 1.09, and 1.16 times the Coulomb barrier were determined. Fractions of the individual actinide elements were chemically separated from recoil catcher foils. The production cross sections of the actinide products were determined by measuring the radiations emitted from the nuclides within the chemical fractions. The chemical separation techniques used in this work are described in detail, and a description of the data analysis procedure is included. The actinide production cross section distributions from these /sup 136/Xe + /sup 249/Cf bombardments are compared with the production cross section distributions from other heavy ion bombardments of actinide targets, with emphasis on the comparison with the /sup 136/Xe + /sup 248/Cm reaction. A technique for modeling the final actinide cross section distributions has been developed and is presented. In this model, the initial (before deexcitation) cross section distribution with respect to the separation energy of a dinuclear complex and with respect to the Z of the target-like fragment is given by an empirical procedure. It is then assumed that the N/Z equilibration in the dinuclear complex occurs by the transfer of neutrons between the two …
Date:
August 1, 1985
Creator:
Gregorich, K.E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of uranium geochemical anomalies in the Greenville, SC, area, Greenville 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ Quadrangle (Greenville and Greer). National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program
The Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) was involved in the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) from 1974 through 1981. The SRL role was to design and conduct and report the data from a geochemical reconnaissance of almost half the continental United States. The purpose of the work was to provide a basis for evaluation of the uranium potential of areas and to identify areas meriting some conventional geologic followup. More than 275,000 samples of stream sediment, soil, vegetation, and ground or surface water were collected in the program. As part of the development program to support interpretation of the geochemical data, SRL conducted a series of field studies to verify anomalies identified in the reconnaissance data. Subcontractors were selected to conduct field scintillometer surveys, compile geologic maps, collect additional samples, or provide other services as needed for a given study. This report presents the results of a small study in the Greenville 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle. The study was conducted for SRL by Kenneth A. Sargent. This study is one of a series designed to provide a basis for interpretation of SRL regional geochemical reconnaissance data. It contains the results of a four-channel gamma spectrometer survey of an area …
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Sargent, K. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dynamic performance of packed-bed dehumidifiers: experimental results from the SERI desiccant test loop
Discussed are the design and construction of a desiccant test loop and results of tests with a silica-gel-packed bed. The test loop consists of two centrifugal fans, two duct heaters, a steam humidifier, 24.4m (80 ft) of 30-cm (12-in.) circular duct, instrumentation, and a test section. The loop is capable of testing adsorption and desorption modes at flow rates up to 0.340 kg/s (600 scfm) and at regeneration temperatures up to 120/sup 0/C (248/sup 0/F). Tests of a 74-cm(29-in.)-diameter, 3.2-cm(1.25-in.)-thick silica gel bed indicated that mass transfer occurs more readily in the adsorption direction than in the desorption direction. Pressure drop data indicated that the resistance of each of the two screens that hold the silica gel in place was equivalent to 2.5-cm(1-in.) of silica gel due to plugging. Results of the tests were also used to validate a SERI desiccant computer model, DESSIM.
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Kutscher, C F & Barlow, R S
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Capital requirements for the transportation of energy materials: 1979 ARC estimates. Draft final report
This report contains TERA's estimates of capital requirements to transport natural gas, crude oil, petroleum products, and coal in the United States by 1990. The low, medium, and high world-oil-price scenarios from the EIA's Mid-range Energy Forecasting System (MEFS), as used in the 1979 Annual Report to Congress (ARC), were provided as a basis for the analysis and represent three alternative futures. TERA's approach varies by energy commodity to make best use of the information and analytical tools available. Summaries of transportation investment requirements through 1990 are given. Total investment requirements for three modes (pipelines, rails, waterways and the three energy commodities can accumulate to a $49.9 to $50.9 billion range depending on the scenario. The scenarios are distinguished primarily by the world price of oil which, given deregulation of domestic oil prices, affects US oil prices even more profoundly than in the past. The high price of oil, following the evidence of the last year, is projected to hold demand for oil below the recent past.
Date:
August 13, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radon and aerosol release from open-pit uranium mining
The quantity of /sup 222/Rn (hereafter called radon) released per unit of uranium produced from open pit mining has been determined. A secondary objective was to determine the nature and quantity of airborne particles resulting from mine operations. To accomplish these objectives, a comprehensive study of the release rates of radon and aerosol material to the atmosphere was made over a one-year period from April 1979 to May 1980 at the Morton Ranch Mine which was operated by United Nuclear Corporation (UNC) in partnership with Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The mine is now operated for TVA by Silver King Mines. Morton Ranch Mine was one of five open pit uranium mines studied in central Wyoming. Corroborative measurements were made of radon flux and /sup 226/Ra (hereafter called radium) concentrations of various surfaces at three of the other mines in October 1980 and again at these three mines plus a fourth in April of 1981. Three of these mines are located in the Powder River Basin, about 80 kilometers east by northeast of Casper. One is located in the Shirley Basin, about 60 km south of Casper, and the remaining one is located in the Gas Hills, approximately 100 km west …
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Thomas, V.W.; Nielson, K.K. & Mauch, M.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Safety assessment of the liquid-fed ceramic melter process
As part of its development program for the solidification of high-level nuclear waste, Pacific Northwest Laboratory assessed the safety issues for a complete liquid-fed ceramic melter (LFCM) process. The LFCM process, an adaption of commercial glass-making technology, is being developed to convert high-level liquid waste from the nuclear fuel cycle into glass. This safety assessment uncovered no unresolved or significant safety problems with the LFCM process. Although in this assessment the LFCM process was not directly compared with other solidification processes, the safety hazards of the LFCM process are comparable to those of other processes. The high processing temperatures of the glass in the LFCM pose no additional significant safety concerns, and the dispersible inventory of dried waste (calcine) is small. This safety assessment was based on the nuclear power waste flowsheet, since power waste is more radioactive than defense waste at the time of solidification, and all accident conditions for the power waste would have greater radiological consequences than those for defense waste. An exhaustive list of possible off-standard conditions and equipment failures was compiled. These accidents were then classified according to severity of consequence and type of accident. Radionuclide releases to the stack were calculated for each group …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Buelt, J.L. & Partain, W.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cycle-life improvement of Zn/NiOOH cells by the addition of Ca(OH) sub 2 to the zinc electrode
The addition of Ca(OH){sub 2} to the zinc electrode of Zn/NiOOH cells was investigated in order to determine its effect on reducing the rate of Zinc redistribution. Cells containing 0, 10, 25, and 40 mol% Ca(OH){sub 2} in the zinc electrode were constructed and tested. Ca(OH){sub 2} was found to form a calcium zincate complex with the zincate-supersaturated KOH solution created during the discharge half-cycle. As Ca(OH){sub 2} is insoluble in the electrolyte, the formation of this complex (containing two Zn atoms to one Ca) significantly reduces the Zinc redistribution rate. Electrodes with only 10% Ca(OH){sub 2} were found to contain insufficient Ca(OH){sub 2} to complex with enough Zinc to make a dramatic improvement on cycle life. The 25%-Ca(OH){sub 2} electrodes, however, were found to retain their capacity beyond 150 deep discharge cycles, with indication that further Zinc redistribution would occur very slowly. The Zinc utilization of the Ca-containing electrodes showed dramatic improvement over the Ca-free zinc electrodes. 23 refs., 49 figs., 7 tabs.
Date:
August 1, 1989
Creator:
Jain, R.; McLarnon, F. R. & Cairns, E. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multi-temperature gas chromatography using isothermal columns in series. Technical report
A computer-controlled three-oven gas chromatograph having a multi-position stream-switching valve has been used first to divide a wide-boiling mixture of n-alkanes into three cuts and then to fractionate each cut using a packed column at a different temperature. After initial injection of the sample into the highest temperature column, the low boilers were switched to a low temperature oven. Then, the mid-boilers were switched to a column at an intermediate temperature. For routine repetitive analyses, the multi-oven approach offers an attractive alternative.
Date:
August 11, 1980
Creator:
Spencer, W. A. & Rogers, L. B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Business strategy groups lessons learned
Since FY 1977, 29 business strategy group (BSG) sessions are known to have been conducted. Four were in nuclear, 3 in resource applications, 9 in fossil energy, 10 in solar/geothermal, 1 in conservation, and 2 in EIA (systems operations and support services and programming services). DOE management needs to re-emphasize with the program mamangement the importance for the use of BSGs in the mission needs and advanced procurement plan stages of major acquisition. BSG briefings and report findings are summarized.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library