Quarterly progress on the metabolic properties of various materials, radiation chemistry, biological studies of radiation effects, health chemistry, health physics.

This is an extension of the results reported in UCRL-2203, where bore diameter is determined in a linear accelerator.

At high excitation energies, competition of proton and c-particle emission with neutron emission becomes important. For low excitation, the competition between Y-emission, neutron emission, and fission should be taken into account. To aid in the evaluation of this competition an experiment has been performed to measure the number and energy spectrum of the protons and c-particles emitted in the high energy bombardment of uranium with protons, deuterons, and c-particles.

Quarterly report of the Chemistry Division at the University of California Radiation Laboratory providing updates for each department about current findings and ongoing research.

Statistical methods were employed to measure relative values of electron loading and spark-over voltage for a large number of unoutgassed electrode materials. Test voltages up to 110 KV were employed in vacuum of the order of 10<sup>-7 mm Hg. All metals showed a square root dependence between spark-over voltage and spacing.

The following document describes how to determine the measurements of the optical density or absorption spectra of suspensions of micro-organisms.

This report follows the work on the Kjedahl digestion procedure in sealed tubes at 470 C. as well as analyzing factors influencing ammonia decomposition within these tubes.

From introduction: "This is the first of three articles dealing with the influence of fluorine substitution in the ligand on the properties of metal chelate compounds. Although the primary purpose of this project was to study the influence of fluorine substitution on the properties -- particularly light absorption -- of uranyl compounds, copper chelates were chosen for preliminary study as model substances, because they are easily prepared."

Abstract: "Because of the radiation hazards inherent in processing large volumes of radioactive solutions by solvent extraction techniques, there is need for a system with small hold-up which can be contained within a minimum of shielding and yet which is versatile enough to be used as a research tool. A system utilizing a miniature mixer-settler has been constructed and its successful operation by remote means demonstrated. The unit is semiportable and employs a number of novel features of value in studying a wide variety of solvent extraction flowsheets. Data on the distribution of nitric acid between water and tributyl phosphate (in kerosene) are included as a demonstration of the operability of the unit."

Abstract: "A torus model of the elementary particles is suggested in which the electron and proton are made stable by gravitational forces derived from the electromagnetic field. It is suggested that the gravitational forces for the unstable particles, presumably the mesons, are not sufficient to keep the torus from expanding in the direction of its large radius. Rest energy zero can be achieved, presumably for photons and neutrons, when the gravitational energy and electromagnetic field energy are equal in magnitude. The manner in which these models can exhibit spin, magnetic moment, wave length, and phase velocity is indicated. The origin of nuclear forces from an electromagnetic basis is indicated."

This report analyzes two high-current linear accelerators, the A-54--a 48.5 megacycle resonant cavity accelerator--and the A-48, that is under construction during the time this report is written.

Abstract: "This report describes six electronics areas at the Radiation Laboratory (Berkeley and Livermore) that are being successfully used with various particle acceleration for nuclear research. The electronics equipment, consisting of pulse amplifiers, scalers, coincidence circuits, pulse-height analyzers, automatic recording equipment, high-voltage supplies, etc., is arranged in such a manner that most experiments can be quickly set up, and a number of people can run experiments simultaneously. Advantage and limitations of these areas are discussed."

"Characteristics of a pulsed, occluded-gas ion source, operating in a magnetic field, have been investigated. Mass spectra of hydrogen- and deuterium-loaded sources are presented. Constructional details of the source and its operating characteristics are discussed."

Abstract: "A measurement was made of the dissociation of vibrationally-excited H2+ ions by photons having quantum energy in the vicinity of 4 e.v. The calculated cross section from theory is 3 x 10-(-18) cm-2. The experimental result is 10-(-17) cm-2; a factor of 10 uncertainty is present because the photon intensity was unknown by that factor."

Abstract: "Components for switching large stored energies have been under development at the University of California Radiation Laboratory at Livermore. Applications and problems are discussed. Work has been done on a low inductance ignitron. A test and development program of 5550 type 2" ignitrons has led to a tube good at 10 kv for pulses of 30 ka with a decay time of 500 μs. Times for transfer of the arc to the wall have been measured for several types of ignitrons. A 4"-insulated cathode ignitron has been developed for pulses of 10 ka for 20 ms. The firing delay and jitter of 2" ignitrons has been found to be as low as 0.25 μs and 0.06 μs, respectively."

From introduction: "The object of this paper is to derive a simple approximate expression for the average potential about an atomic nucleus in an ionized gas. It was desired that the expression be simple in the sense that its analytic form would be convenient in Born approximation calculations. It was also desired that the results would be valid over a large range of temperature and density for all elements with perhaps the exception of those with low atomic number."

The problem of photosynthesis is the problem of defining the way in which green plants are able to convert electromagnetic energy into chemical potential in the form of reduced carbon, usually as carbohydrate, and molecular oxygen. The use of tracer carbon, as carbon-14, has made possible considerable progress in the mapping of the routes taken by the carbon atom from CO2 into plant substances. The techniques of separation and identification that have made this progress possible lie largely in the region of chromatography and radioautography involving fractional-gamma amounts of material. A number of proposals have been made about the photochemical act itself. These proposals have led to the development of direct physical tests of their validity, and some results of these will be described.

From abstract: "This progress report describes four IBM 704 codes developed and used by UCRL, Livermore, to investigate the motion of any object in the force fields of the sun and any or all of the planets and their satellites."

Abstract: "Fast neutron effects on a widely used x-ray film have been investigated. The neutron flux was provided by the (d, t) reaction of a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. Integrated exposures to 10-10 n/cm-2 were given the film. It was found that perturbations on film that were pre-exposed to Co-60 gamma rays from 10 to 2000 r were negligible. Simultaneous exposure of neutrons plus gammas also indicated negligible effect on the film insofar as the gamma dose was concerned."

The following document presents an analysis on a phase-shift of p-p scattering with various measurements in Mev.

Abstract: "The dependence on mean electron kinetic energy of the ratio of intensities of [lambda]5015[HeI] and [lambda]4686[HeII] has been calculated. A low-density plasma is considered, the principal assumptions being that the reaction processes are governed by electron collisions and the electron energy distribution is Maxwellian. The results show a fairly large variation of the intensity ratio within the range of 3 to 7 ev."

Apparent [Sigma] hyperon decay events in a large emulsion stack of 240 9" x 12" pellicles have been classified into those judged to have occurred at rest and those in flight. Of 36 decay events at rest, 21 secondaries were observed to be protons of about 1675 microns range. Of the events decaying in flight, 23 were decays into protons and 46 were decays into near-minimum secondaries. Attempts have been made to trace the tracks of 35 of the lightly ionizing secondaries; the results of this effort are summarized in a table.

Abstract: "Classical electromagnetic theory indicates that a conducting metallic shield can reduce the magnetic-radiation loss from a hot plasma (centrally located) undergoing D-D burn to less than 1%, or two orders of magnitude."

Abstract: "The cross section for the Be-9(n, t')Li-7*-->Li-7 + Y(0.477 Mev) reaction has been measured in the vicinity of 14 Mev by detecting the gamma-rays at scattering angles from 30 to 150 degrees. A time-of-flight technique was used to distinguish the gamma-rays from the high neutron background. The cross section drops from 20 mb at 13.6 Mev to 10 mb at 14.1 Mev and then rises to 30 mb at 14.7 Mev."