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Consumer Energy Atlas
This first edition of the Atlas provides, in reference form, a central source of information to consumers on key contacts concerned with energy in the US. Energy consumers need information appropriate to local climates and characteristics - best provided by state and local governments. The Department of Energy recognizes the authority of state and local governments to manage energy programs on their own. Therefore, emphasis has been given to government organizations on both the national and state level that influence, formulate, or administer policies affecting energy production, distribution, and use, or that provide information of interest to consumers and non-specialists. In addition, hundreds of non-government energy-related membership organizations, industry trade associations, and energy publications are included.
Date:
June 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Performance study of the TFTR diagnostic neutral beam for active charge exchange measurements
A neutral beam source will be incorporated in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) charge exchange diagnostic to provide a time modulated, spatially localized enhancement of the charge exchange efflux. Two autonomous Charge Exchange Neutral Analyzer (CENA) systems are being designed for the TFTR. One system measures the plasma ion temperature along twelve vertical line-of-sight chords spaced approximately equidistantly across the torus minor diameter. The other system is dedicated primarily to measurement of ion phenomena associated with neutral beam injection heating and has a fan-like field of view along eight sight-lines in the equitorial plane. The neutral beam is steerable in order to access the viewing field of both CENA systems, though in general not simultaneously. The performance of the diagnostic neutral beam is evaluated to determine the optimal beam specifications for active charge exchange measurements. Using the optimal beam design parameters, the efficacy of the neutral doping is examined for both CENA systems over the envisioned range of the TFTR plasma density and temperature.
Date:
June 1, 1980
Creator:
Medley, S. S.; Goldston, R. J. & Towner, H. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
COMPILER INTO GEORGE ASSEMBLY ROUTINE
This program of the GEORGE Assembly Routine (GAR) will accept Fortran- like statements from paper tape and create the GAR language program on tape. This includes the needed calls for common subroutines and the reservations for the named variables and temporaries. The original statements in Fortran are carried along as remarks. The GAR language program may then be processed in the usual way by the GEORGE Assembly Routine, giving machine-language code. The level of sophistication of the source language is roughly equal to that of Fortransit or SALT. (auth)
Date:
June 1, 1962
Creator:
George, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Removal of silica from Raft River geothermal water
Lack of sufficient quantities of clean surface or near-surface water at Raft River for cooling purposes dictates that cooled geothermal fluid, effluent from the Raft River 5 MW(e) Pilot Power Plant, must also be used as condenser coolant. Prior testing revealed that a water-treatment system would be required to reduce silica and calcium concentrations of the cooling fluid. The water-treatment system specified was to use dolomitic lime for both pH adjustment and source of magnesium. The dolomitic lime treatment was investigated and found to be inadequate. Subsequent testing was done to find chemical systems that would adequately reduce silica concentrations. Three magnesium and two iron compounds were found which reduced silica to acceptable concentration levels. They are magnesium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, and iron chloride. Magnesium oxide, using a two-stage countercurrent process, will also reduce silica to adequate levels.
Date:
June 1, 1980
Creator:
Suciu, D. F. & Miller, R. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low-Btu coal-gasification-process design report for Combustion Engineering/Gulf States Utilities coal-gasification demonstration plant. [Natural gas or No. 2 fuel oil to natural gas or No. 2 fuel oil or low Btu gas]
This report describes a coal gasification demonstration plant that was designed to retrofit an existing steam boiler. The design uses Combustion Engineering's air blown, atmospheric pressure, entrained flow coal gasification process to produce low-Btu gas and steam for Gulf States Utilities Nelson No. 3 boiler which is rated at a nominal 150 MW of electrical power. Following the retrofit, the boiler, originally designed to fire natural gas or No. 2 oil, will be able to achieve full load power output on natural gas, No. 2 oil, or low-Btu gas. The gasifier and the boiler are integrated, in that the steam generated in the gasifier is combined with steam from the boiler to produce full load. The original contract called for a complete process and mechanical design of the gasification plant. However, the contract was curtailed after the process design was completed, but before the mechanical design was started. Based on the well defined process, but limited mechanical design, a preliminary cost estimate for the installation was completed.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Andrus, H E; Rebula, E; Thibeault, P R & Koucky, R W
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiochemical analysis of the first plateout probe from the Fort St. Vrain high-temperature gas-cooled reactor
This report presents the analysis of radioactive elements on the first plateout probe from the Fort St. Vrain high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. The plateout probe is a device which samples the primary coolant for condensible fission products. Circuit inventories of individual radionuclides are estimated from the probe analysis. The analysis shows that the radioactive contamination in the primary circuit is remarkable low, with activation product concentrations much greater than that of fission products. The analysis demonstrates that the concentrations of the key fission products I-131 and Sr-90 are far below the limits allowed by the technical specification.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Burnette, R. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lattice gaugefixing and other optics in lattice gauge theory
We present results from four projects. In the first, quark and gluon propagators and effective masses and {Delta}I = 1/2 Rule operator matching coefficients are computed numerically in gaugefixed lattice QCD. In the second, the same quantities are evaluated analytically in the strong coupling, N {yields} {infinity} limit. In the third project, the Schwinger model is studied in covariant gauges, where we show that the effective electron mass varies with the gauge parameter and that longitudinal gaugefixing ambiguities affect operator product expansion coefficients (analogous to {Delta}I = 1/2 Rule matching coefficients) determined by matching gauge variant matrix elements. However, we find that matching coefficients even if shifted by the unphysical modes are {xi} invariant. In the fourth project, we show that the strong coupling parallelogram lattice Schwinger model as a different thermodynamic limit than the weak coupling continuum limit. As a function of lattice skewness angle these models span the {Delta} = {minus}1 critical line of 6-vertex models which, in turn, have been identified as c = 1 conformal field theories.
Date:
June 1, 1992
Creator:
Yee, Ken.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An analysis of residential energy consumption in a temperate climate
Electrical energy consumption data have been recorded for several hundred submetered residential structures in Middle Tennessee. All houses were constructed with a common energy package.'' Specifically, daily cooling usage data have been collected for 130 houses for the 1985 and 1986 cooling seasons, and monthly heating usage data for 186 houses have been recorded by occupant participation over a seven-year period. Cooling data have been analyzed using an SPSSx multiple regression analysis and results are compared to several cooling models. Heating, base, and total energy usage are also analyzed and regression correlation coefficients are determined as a function of several house parameters.
Date:
June 1, 1987
Creator:
Clark, Y.Y. & Vincent, W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computing tools for accelerator design
An algorithm has been developed that calculates and obtains information about nonlinear contributions in accelerators. The comparison of the results obtained from this program ''NONLIN'' and HARMON is discussed and illustrated for the SSC-CDR clustered lattices.
Date:
June 1, 1986
Creator:
Parsa, Z.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Close-in Magnetic Fields of a Lightning Return Stroke
This report address a close-in magnetic fields of a lightning return stroke.
Date:
June 1, 1975
Creator:
Jones, R. D. & Watts, H. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanical strength and stability of lithium aluminate
Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) investigated the strength and resistance to thermal shock of lithium aluminate annular pellets. The room temperature, axial compressive fracture strength of pellets made at Westinghouse Advanced Energy Systems (WAES) varied from 80 to 133 ksi. The strength at 430{degrees}C (806{degrees}F) was to 30 to 40% lower. The strength at 900{degrees}C (1652{degrees}F) showed a wide variation with one measurement near 90 ksi. These strength values are consistent with other data and predictions made in the literature when the grain size and porosity of the microstructure are taken into account. In diametral compression tests, the fracture strengths were much lower due to the existence of tensile stresses in some pellet regions from this type of loading. However, the fracture stresses were still generally higher than those reported in the literature; this fracture resistance probably reflects the better quality of the pellets tested in this study. Measurements on pellets made at PNL indicated lower strengths compared to the WAES material. This strength difference could be accounted for by different processing technologies: material made at PNL was cold-pressed and sintered with high porosity whereas the WAES material was isostatically hot-pressed with high density. Thermal shocking of the material by ramping …
Date:
June 1, 1992
Creator:
Brimhall, J.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of weldments in Type 21-6-9 stainless steel for Compact Ignition Tokamak structural applications: Phase 1
Primary design considerations for the Compact Ignition Tokamak toroidal field-coil cases are yield strength and toughness in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K. Type 21-6-9 stainless steel, also still known by its original Armco Steel Company trade name Nitronic 40, is the proposed alloy for this application. It has high yield strength and usually adequate base metal toughness, but weldments in thick sections have not been adequately characterized in terms of mechanical properties or hot-cracking propensity. In this study, weldability of the alloy in heavy sections and the mechanical properties of the resultant welds were investigated including tensile yield strength and Charpy V-notch toughness at 77 K and room temperature. Weldments were made in four different base metals using seven different filler metals. None of the weldments showed any indication of hot-cracking problems. All base metals, including weldment heat-affected zones, were found to have adequate strength and impact toughness at both test temperatures. Weld metals, on the other hand, except ERNiCr-3 and ENiCrFe-3 had impact toughnesses of less than 67 J at 77 K. Inconel 82 had an average weld metal impact toughness of over 135 J at 77 K, and although its strength at 77 K is …
Date:
June 1, 1991
Creator:
Alexander, D. J.; Goodwin, G. M. & Bloom, E. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cold flow model test plan. Task IX. Technical support. Industrial low-Btu gas demonstration-plant program. (Deliverable No. 43)
A cold-flow model is being built to gather information for appropriately designing the venturi and the bottom section of the gasifier to attain the required ash discharge rate in the demonstration plant. Ancillary tasks will investigate the effect of different feed locations and different means of injecting fines. A model is necessary because the operating conditions of the pilot plant gasifier do not permit the type of testing required to meet the above objectives. The pilot plant gasifier has been operated with 2 and 3 in.-diameter venturis. Discharge rates through the venturi appropriate to the feed rates used have been on the order of 100 lb/hr. The demonstration plant design calls for a total ash agglomerate discharge from each gasifier of approximately 10,000 lb/hr. Scaling up venturi sizes and discharge rates from the pilot plant to the demonstration plant level is a primary motivation for building a cold-flow model. Larger sized venturis will be necessary to handle the larger discharge rates, and the model will be capable of incorporating up to an 8-in.-diameter venturi or other multiple-discharge nozzles. All equipment in the cold model will be capable of operation at 200 psig, which will enable testing to be conducted at …
Date:
June 1, 1978
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fifth in situ vitrification engineering-scale test of simulated INEL buried waste sites
In September 1990, an engineering-scale in situ vitrification (ISV) test was conducted on sealed canisters containing a combined mixture of buried waste materials expected to be present at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA). The test was part of a Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) program to assist INEL in treatability studies of the potential application of ISV to mixed transuranic wastes at the INEL SDA. The purpose of this test was to determine the effect of a close-packed layer of sealed containers on ISV processing performance. Specific objectives included determining (1) the effect of releases from sealed containers on hood plenum pressure and temperature, (2) the release pressure ad temperatures of the sealed canisters, (3) the relationships between canister depressurization and melt encapsulation, (4) the resulting glass and soil quality, (5) the potential effects of thermal transport due to a canister layer, (6) the effects on particle entrainment of differing angles of approach for the ISV melt front, and (7) the effects of these canisters on the volatilization of voltatile and semivolatile contaminants into the hood plenum.
Date:
June 1, 1992
Creator:
Bergsman, T.M.; Shade, J.W. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Farnsworth, R.K. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) system studies digest
The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) has sponsored system studies to support the evaluation of alternative configurations and operations for the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System (CRWMS) and the development of system requirements and design specifications. These studies are generally directed toward evaluating the impacts of alternatives to the monitored retrievable storage (MRS) and fuel rod consolidation, waste form and characteristics sequences, cask and canister concepts, allocation of waste acceptance rights, and system throughput rates. The objectives of this document are: To present major system issues and related system element issues in a structured manner; to discuss key results of major system studies and explain the basis for certain current system assumptions; to summarize the scope and results of completed system studies that are still relevant at the time this document is published; and to provide the background needed for identifying and prioritizing system issues to be resolved. Consistent with the objectives, the document does not include low-level subsystem studies addressing system element issues that do not interact with overall system issues. The document is expected to be updated as major new system studies are completed and significant new results are available.
Date:
June 1, 1992
Creator:
McLeod, N. B. (Johnson and Associates Inc., Fairfax, Virginia (United States)); Nguyen, T. D.; Drexelius, R. (USDOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, Washington, DC (United States)) & McKee, R. W. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physical characterization of magmatic liquids. [Ultrasonic and Brillouin Scattering Studies of Natural and Synthetic Silicates and Oxides]
This report describes a research project that was conducted from August 15, 1985 to February 28, 1992. The project was based on the ultrasonic studies of natural and synthetic silicate melts, and the study of Brillouin scattering of synthetic silicates and oxides. Measurements of the compressional wave velocity and attenuation can be established using the ultrasonic methods. Temperature dependences of silicates can be established by the Brillouin scattering. (MB)
Date:
June 5, 1992
Creator:
Manghnani, M.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear structure at high angular momentum
This review paper begins by discussing the limits faced in the attempts to get nuclei to hold very high angular momentum. The method presently used to produce nuclei with the maximum angular momentum is described. Then the physics of high-spin states is taken up; some properties of a purely collective, classical rotor are described, and the effects of coupling single-particle motion to this are considered. Next, backbending, its causes, and a new spectroscopy of bands and backbends at high spin values are discussed. Noncollective states occur when the nuclear angular momentum is carried by a few high-j particles and is aligned along a symmetry axis. There results an irregular yrast line, along which there are no collective transitions. Noncollective behavior in the lead region, the hafnium region, and the N = 82 region is examined. Then the discussion moves on to collective behavior and recent studies on continuum spectra. Evidence for rotation is given, and effective moments of inertia for this rotation are evaluated. Finally, current ..gamma..-ray energy correlation studies are described. 68 references, 36 figures. (RWR)
Date:
June 1, 1980
Creator:
Stephens, F.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recent beam probe measurements on EBT, TMX, and RENTOR
It is noted that beam probe systems can provide accurate, reliable measurments of plasma space potential and nf(T/sub e/). Over some temperature range, at least, it should be possible to separate n and T/sub e/ by measuring the multiple ionization reaction products. It is also an ideal diagnostic for studying fluctuations since it provides a simultaneous measurement of phi and nf(T/sub e/) from the same point in the plasma and the measurements are continuous in time. Measurements can be made quasi-continuously in space by rapidly sweeping the beam. By using more than one detector it should be possible to make measurements simultaneously at two different observation points in the plasma.
Date:
June 1, 1980
Creator:
Hickok, R. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An iterative algorithm to produce a positive definite correlation matrix from an approximate correlation matrix (with a program user's guide)
This report contains an explanation of an algorithm that, when executed, will operate on any symmetric approximate correlation matrix by iteratively adjusting the eigenvalues of this matrix. The objective of this algorithm is to produce a valid, positive definite, correlation matrix. Also a description of a program (called POSDEF) which implements the algorithm is given.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Iman, R.L. & Davenport, J.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of Aerodynamic Drag Parameters of Small Irregular Objects by Means of Drop Tests
Drag coefficients were determined for various irregular objects such as glass fragments, stones, steel fragments, and spheres by means of drop tests for use in a mathematical model to correlate nuclear explosion blast experiments. Drop tests were also made on small laboratory animals and extrapolated to estimate the drag properties of man. A method was developed to estimate the average drag properties of man from his total surface area. (D.L.C.)
Date:
June 1, 1960
Creator:
Fletcher, E. R.; Albright, R. W.; Goldizen, V. C. & Bowen, I. G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Seismic Vibrations on the Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor
The effects of seismic vibrations on the dynamic behavior of a composite system were analyzed. The equations of motion were derived and soIved with special emphasis on determining the resulting stresses. The method of analysis thus developed was applied to the composite structure consisting of the core, pressure vessel, and supporting skirt of the Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor (EGCR). A system with three degrees of freedom was considered in order to determine the effects of an earthquake of the maximum intensity expected in the area surrounding Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The system of equations of motion was solved both numerically and analytically, and the resonant frequencies were determined. The seismic effect was shown to be small when the frequency of the seismic disturbance coincided with a natural frequency of the system. In particular, the shear stresses in the graphite core were shown to be negligible. (auth)
Date:
June 22, 1962
Creator:
Witt, F.J.; Carver, D.R. & Maxwell, R.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron paramagnetic resonance at dislocations in germanium
The first observation of the paramagnetic resonance of electrons at dislocations in germanium single crystals is reported. Under subband gap optical excitation, two sets of lines are detected: four lines about the <111> axes with g/sub perpendicular to/ = 0.34 and g/sub parallel/ = 1.94, and 24 lines with g/sub perpendicular to/ = 0.73 and g/sub parallel/ = 1.89 about <111> axes with the six-fold 1.2/sup 0/ distortion. This represents the first measurement of the disortion angle of a dislocation dangling bond. The possibility that the distortion results from a Peierls transition along the dislocation line is discussed.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Pakulis, E.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Periodic Characterization of Radioactive Waste Disposal Effluents. Core I Seed 3. Test Evaluation
Data are given on the radioactive nuclides present in waste disposal effluents during Nov. 1961. The concentrations of all activities was well within established limits for discharge to the environment. (C.H.)
Date:
June 13, 1962
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library