A program was established for DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) to evaluate factors that are anticipated to affect waste glass reaction during repository disposal, especially in an unsaturated environment typical of what may be expected for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository site.

Development of an improved semi-mechanistic-based set of correlation parameters for nucleation-dominant flow-boiling heat transfer in small channels is described.

This report reviews data that the Administration has provided to Congress on the costs of U.S. forces based abroad and on the value of host nation support contributions. It analyzes the data in order to assess potential defense budget savings from measures now under congressional consideration. The report concludes that, because of shortcomings in the data, estimates of savings in the U.S. defense budget from increased host nation contributions are often overstated. Some commonly accepted assertions frequently cited in the congressional burdensharing debate, therefore, are of doubtful validity.

This paper seeks to place the issue of climate change within an international context. Specifically, it addresses the feasibility of forging treaty agreements among countries to achieve significant worldwide reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases.

This report has been prepared to make available and archive the background scientific data and related information collected on groundwater during the preparation of the environmental impact statement (EIS) for Phases 3 and 4 of the Hawaii Geothermal Project (HGP) as defined by the state of Hawaii in its April 1989 proposal to Congress. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) published a notice in the Federal Register on May 17,1994 (Fed Regis. 5925638), withdrawing its notice of intent (Fed. Regis. 575433) of February 14,1992, to prepare the HGP-EIS. Since the state of Hawaii is no longer pursuing or planning to pursue the HGP, DOE considers the project to be terminated. The background scientific data and related information presented in this report were collected for the geothermal resource subzones in the Puna District on the island of Hawaii. The scientific background data and related information is being made available for use by others in conducting future scientific research in these areas. This report describes the environmental resources present in the areas studied (i.e., the affected environment) and does not represent an assessment of environmental impacts. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge with respect to groundwater in the Puna District …

This report has been prepared to make available and archive the background scientific data and related information collected on geologic hazards during the preparation of the environmental impact statement (EIS) for Phases 3 and 4 of the Hawaii Geothermal Project (HGP) as defined by the state of Hawaii in its April 1989 proposal to Congress. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) published a notice in the Federal Register on May 17, 1994 (Fed Regis. 5925638) withdrawing its Notice of Intent (Fed Regis. 575433) of February 14, 1992, to prepare the HGP-EIS. Since the state of Hawaii is no longer pursuing or planning to pursue the HGP, DOE considers the project to be terminated This report presents a review of current information on geologic hazards in the Hawaiian Islands. Interrelationships among these hazards are discussed. Probabilities of occurrence of given geologic hazards are provided in various regions where sufficient geologic or historical data are available. Most of the information contained herein is compiled from recent U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publications and open-file reports. This report describes the natural geologic hazards present in the area and does not represent an assessment of environmental impacts. Geologic hazards originate both onshore and offshore. Onshore …

This report has been prepared to make available and archive the background scientific data and related information collected on ecological resources during the preparation of the environmental impact statement (EIS) for Phases 3 and 4 of the Hawaii Geothermal Project (HGP) as defined by the state of Hawaii in its April 1989 proposal to Congress. The U.S. Department of Energy (COE) published a notice in the Federal Register on May 17, 1994 (Fed. Regist. 5925638) withdrawing its Notice of Intent (Fed. Regst. 575433) of February 14, 1992, to prepare the HGP-EIS. Since the state of Hawaii is no longer pursuing or planning to pursue the HGP, DOE considers the project to be terminated. The background scientific data and related information presented in this report focus on several areas of Hawaii County, including the southeastern coast, a potential development corridor along the Saddle Road between Hilo and the North Kohala District on the northwestern coast, and on the southeastern coast of Maui. In this report, reference is made to these areas as study areas rather than as areas where proposed or alternative facilities of the HGP would be located. The resource areas addressed herein include terrestrial ecology, aquatic ecology, and marine …

Xerographic of the order for dismissal and for sanctions in the Mark William Nelson bankruptcy petition.

Report from the bankruptcy court of Dallas stating the events and the court's decision of Mark William Nelson's bankruptcy case. Text is faded.

SUPERCODE is a systems code used in designing tokamak devices and reactors. This report is divided into 4 chapters. Chapter one covers installing the code and directory organization. The execution of the code, command line editing and history, the shell language, classes, and shell input and output are discussed in chapter two. Chapter three covers the writing modules. In chapter four, the Consts module, Sys module, and Plot module are covered. At the end of the report, the need and use of SUPERCODE are summarized.

The Department of Energy (DOE) has prepared an environmental assessment (EA), DOE/EA-0843, for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) low-level and mixed waste processing. The original proposed action, as reviewed in this EA, was (1) to incinerate INEL`s mixed low-level waste (MLLW) at the Waste Experimental Reduction Facility (WERF); (2) reduce the volume of INEL generated low-level waste (LLW) through sizing, compaction, and stabilization at the WERF; and (3) to ship INEL LLW to a commercial incinerator for supplemental LLW volume reduction.

Miles of underground insulated piping will be installed at the Hanford site to transfer liquid waste. Significant cost savings may be realized by using pre-fabricated polyurethane foam insulated piping. Measurements were made on sections of insulated pipe to determine the insulation`s resistance to axial expansion of the pipe, the force required to compress the foam in the leg of an expansion loop and the time required for heat up and cool down of a buried piping loop. These measurements demonstrated that the peak axial force increases with the amount of adhesion between the encasement pipe and the insulation. The compressive strength of the foam is too great to accommodate the thermal growth of long straight pipe sections into the expansion loops. Mathematical models of the piping system`s thermal behavior can be refined by data from the heated piping loop.

This report describes the activities of the Nuclear Science Division for the 1993 calendar year. This was another significant year in the history of the Division with many interesting and important accomplishments. Activities for the following programs are covered here: (1) nuclear structure and reactions program; (2) the Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics; (3) relativistic nuclear collisions program; (4) nuclear theory program; (5) nuclear data evaluation program, isotope project; and (6) 88-inch cyclotron operations.

The Treated Effluent Disposal Facility Operator Training Station (TEDF OTS) is a computer based training tool designed to aid plant operations and engineering staff in familiarizing themselves with the TEDF Central Control System (CCS). It consists of PC compatible computers and a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) designed to emulate the responses of various plant components connected to or under the control of the CCS. The system trains operators by simulating the normal operation but also has the ability to force failures of different equipment allowing the operator to react and observe the events. The paper describes organization, responsibilities, system configuration management activities, software, and action plans for fully utilizing the simulation program.

This report presents summaries and interpretations of the environmental monitoring data collected during 1993 at Pantex Plant. Additionally, it outlines site environmental management performance, summarizes compliance with applicable environmental regulations, and describes significant programs and achievements. Environmental monitoring is composed of two principal collection and analysis activities for radiological and nonradiological constituents: (1) effluent monitoring involving liquid and airborne effluents to characterize and quantify releases and (2) environmental surveillance involving water, soil, vegetation, and biota and measurement of external radiation to characterize environmental impacts of Pantex Plant. Data are used to assess impacts of operations to the public and the environment and to demonstrate compliance with applicable standards for both radiological and nonradiological contaminants. In 1993 more than 270 onsite and offsite locations were monitored regularly with 4000 samples collected and analyzed. Data from a location at the US Department of Agriculture Bushland Agricultural Research Service and historical data are also presented for reference.

The AMTEX Partnership{trademark} is a collaborative research and development program among the US Integrated Textile Industry, the Department of Energy (DOE), the DOE laboratories, other federal agencies and laboratories, and universities. The goal of AMTEX is to strengthen the competitiveness of this vital industry, thereby preserving and creating US jobs. The operational and program management of the AMTEX Partnership is provided by the Program Office. This report is produced by the Program Office on a quarterly basis and provides information on the progress, operations, and project management of the partnership.

A novel technique has been developed to synthesize in large quantities an O{sub 2} molecule that is unsymmetrically labeled with the oxygen isotopes oxygen-16 and oxygen-18. This unusual molecule, {sup 16}O{sup 18}O, has been utilized as a unique spectroscopic probe of the mechanism of metabolism in living organisms. Preparation of this molecule requires prior synthesis of the exotic precursor hypofluorous acid, HOF, and an improved method for synthesizing this precursor has recently been developed that permits the preparation of essentially unlimited quantities of the labeled oxygen. This, in turn, has made it practical to use this oxygen in Raman-spectroscopic studies of the mechanism by which O{sub 2} is reduced by the enzyme cytochrome oxidase, a key step in the metabolic utilization of oxygen by living organisms. The results indicate that the interaction of O{sub 2} with the iron of the enzyme may be represented: Fe{sup 2+} + O{sub 2} {yields} Fe{sup 2+}-O{sub 2} {yields} Fe{sup 3+}-OOH{sup {minus}} {yields} Fe{sup 4+} = O {yields} Fe{sup 3+}-OH{sup {minus}}.

This is a continuing research effort into the new field of measuring resistivity of geological formations from within cased wells. Additional data confirming the feasibility of the technology is to be taken in a test well with the existing stop-hold-and-lock apparatus which is called the Thru Casing Resistivity Apparatus (TCRA). After that data is obtained, the already existing mechanical apparatus developed in an earlier phase of the project will then be modified and new electronic components will be fabricated to test the concept of a moving apparatus called the Moving Thru Casing Resistivity Apparatus (Moving TCRA). These steps are considered sufficient for subsequent commercial development by industry. The study by ParaMagnetic Logging, Inc. of measuring resistivity through casing with the Thru Casing Resistivity Apparatus is of great importance to the oil and gas industries. It is important to measure resistivity through casing for at least the following reasons: locating bypassed oil and gas; measuring water breakthrough during water flooding operations; reservoir evaluation; measurements through a drill string when the drilling bit is stopped; and environmental monitoring of disposal wells, water wells, etc.

The goal of this project is to develop a cost-effective low temperature deNO{sub x} catalyst to be used in the Research Triangle Institute-Waterloo SO{sub x}/NO{sub x} process for boiler retrofit applications. The performance goal of the catalyst is to convert over 80% of the NO in the flue gas at a temperature as low as 150{degree}C in the presence of 4% O{sub 2} and 10% water. Based on the results obtained in the first quarter, which showed that modification of a Cu-ZrO{sub 2} catalyst with Nd increased the conversion of NO to N{sub 2}, especially at higher partial pressures of oxygen, and that ethanol was a more effective reductant than propene in the presence of water vapor, research was conducted in this quarter to investigate the use of other modifiers and other alcohols as reductants. It was found that modification of Cu-ZrO{sub 2} by La was more effective than by Nd or Gd. It decreased the hydrocarbon combustion activity of the catalyst while increasing the NO conversion. A Cu-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst was also tested. It was superior to Cu-ZrO{sub 2} at temperatures higher than 250{degree}C, but inferior at lower temperatures. On the La-Cu-ZrO{sub 2} catalyst, isobutanol was a very …

Rubisco activase (Rca) is a soluble chloroplast protein that catalyzes the activation of rubisco, the enzyme that initiates the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, to catalytic competency. Rca in barley consists of three polypeptides, one of 46- and two of 42-kDa, but the quaternary structure of the protein is not known. The authors have isolated and completely sequenced 8.8 kb of barley genomic DNA containing two, tandemly oriented activase genes (RcaA and RcaB) and three different cDNAs encoding the 42- and 46-kDa Rca polypeptide isoforms. Genomic Southern blot assays indicate that these sequences represent the entire Rca gene family in barley. Pre-mRNAs transcribed from the RcaA gene are alternatively spliced to give mRNAs encoding both 46- (RcaA1) and 42-kDa (RcaA2) Rca isoforms. The RcaB gene encodes a single polypeptide of 42 kDa. Primer extension and northern blot assays indicate that RcaB mRNA is expressed at a level that is 10- to 100-fold lower than RcaA mRNA. Analyses at the mRNA and protein level showed that Rca gene expression is coordinated by that of the rubisco subunits during barley leaf development.

One of the more promising remediation options available to the DOE waste management community is subsurface barriers. Some of the uses of subsurface barriers include surrounding and/or containing buried waste, as secondary confinement of underground storage tanks, to direct or contain subsurface contaminant plumes and to restrict remediation methods, such as vacuum extraction, to a limited area. To be most effective the barriers should be continuous and depending on use, have few or no breaches. A breach may be formed through numerous pathways including: discontinuous grout application, from joints between panels and from cracking due to grout curing or wet-dry cycling. The ability to verify barrier integrity is valuable to the DOE, EPA, and commercial sector and will be required to gain full public acceptance of subsurface barriers as either primary or secondary confinement at waste sites. It is recognized that no suitable method exists for the verification of an emplaced barrier`s integrity. The large size and deep placement of subsurface barriers makes detection of leaks challenging. This becomes magnified if the permissible leakage from the site is low. Detection of small cracks (fractions of an inch) at depths of 100 feet or more has not been possible using existing …

Different materials in coal reflect light in a different manner and, therefore, can be identified based on their image of light reflectance characteristics (i.e. shade of gray). Furthermore, liberated and nonliberated pyrite particles are surrounded by media of different shades of gray. With these two pieces of information, the degree of pyrite liberation and the degree of purity of coal macerals can be analyzed through a computer program. Ultimately, this image analysis computer program will acquire and analyze different frames of coal image automatically without any intervention of an operator. During the past one year, an in-depth database of the light reflectance characteristics of different materials of coal has been established. This process is still being continued to extend the database of coal images. During this quarter, a C-language computer program has been developed. This program reads an image and analyzes it according to the database and decision-making criteria developed in the previous study. Thus far this computer program tends to account more particles than what are presented in an image. This is attributed to the electronic noise produced through the CCD camera. The electronic noises are in the order of 1 or two pixels and can be rectified through …

The dynamics of carbon fixation and storage in tundra soils has received considerable attention with respect to global carbon cycling. Recent findings by investigators using chamber measurements of fixation/respiration rates in arctic tundra have led to the conclusion that tundra is no longer storing carbon but is instead a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The author has sought to test these conclusions and to determine methods by which the long-term accumulation or loss of carbon in tundra can be determined. Little is known, however, of the processes that control storage and the current rates of carbon fixation and peat formation in arctic Alaska. This project focused on several aspects of carbon dynamics and the roles of decomposition and herbivory at the DOE research site at Imnavait Creek, Alaska. Through the use of natural abundance stable and radioisotope techniques, several conclusions emerged. Peat carbon continues to accumulate in wetter areas of foothill valleys and on the coastal plain of arctic Alaska. Radiocarbon profiles of bomb {sup 14}C were used to date layers of vegetation and litter to obtain decomposition rates and to extrapolate these values to intersection with the permafrost horizon where further decomposition is assumed to cease. Carbon …

We deduce constraints on time-reversal-noninvariant (TRNI), parity-conserving (PC) hadronic interactions from nucleon, nuclear, and atomic electric dipole moment (edm) limits. Such interactions generate edm`s through weak radiative corrections. We consider long-ranged mechanisms, i.e., those mediated by meson exchanges in contrast to short-range two-loop mechanisms. We find that the ratio of typical TRNI. PC nuclear matrix elements to those of the strong interaction are {approx_lt} 10{sup {minus}5}, a limit about two orders of magnitude more stringent than those from direct detailed balance studies of such interactions.