This report discusses the current state of monetary policy. Questions about the continued capability of the Federal Reserve System (FRS) to exercise effective monetary control were raised in connection with several developments over recent years that diminished, in relative terms, the deposit component of the stock of money over which the FRS maintained reserve requirement controls. The Monetary Control Act, Title 1 of P.L. 96-221 was designed to ensure that the FRS as ability to conduct monetary policy is not diminished. This Act, signed into law on Mar. 31, 1980, is one of the few major amendments to the original Federal Reserve Act of 1913.

Helium analyses have been initiated for the helium accumulation dosimetry materials irradiated in the neutron characterization experiment at RTNS-II. Analyses of the separated isotopes of molybdenum irradiated in the RTNS-I, RTNS-II, and Be(d,n) neutron fields are in progress. The emphasis during the present period was on improving the gas mass spectrometer sensitivity for these samples.

This report gives the results of the Brookhaven solar neutrino experiment that is based upon the neutrino capture reaction, /sup 37/Cl(..nu..,e/sup -/)/sup 37/Ar. The experiment was built in 1967 to test the theory of solar energy production, and it is well known that the neutrino capture rate in the detector is lower than that expected from theoretical models of the sun. The results will be compared to the current solar model calculations. One possible explanation of the low solar neutrino capture rate is that the neutrinos oscillate between two or more neutrino states, a topic of particular interest to this conference. This question is discussed in relation to the /sup 37/Cl experiment, and to other solar neutrino detectors that are capable of observing the lower energy neutrinos from the sun. A radiochemical solar neutrino detector located deep underground has a very low background and is capable of detecting the monoenergetic neutrinos from megacurie sources of radioisotopes that decay by electron capture. Experiments of this nature are described that are capable of testing for neutrino oscillations with a omicronm/sup 2/ as low as 0.2 eV/sup 2/ if there is maximum mixing between two neutrino states.

Hydrocarbonization is a relatively simple process used for producing oil, substitute natural gas, and char by heating coal under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. This report describes studies that were performed in a bench-scale hydrocarbonization system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during the period 1975 to 1978. The results of mock-up studies, coal metering valve and flowmeter development, and supporting work in an atmospheric hydrocarbonization system are also described. Oil, gas, and char yields were determined by hydrocarbonization of coal in a 0.1-m-diam fluidized-bed reactor operated at a pressure of 2170 kPa and at temperatures ranging from 694 to 854 K. The nominal coal feed rate was 4.5 kg/h. Wyodak subbituminous coal was used for most of the experiments. A maximum oil yield of approx. 21% based on moisture- and ash-free (maf) coal was achieved in the temperature range of 810 to 840 K. Recirculating fluidized-bed, uniformly fluidized-bed, and rapid hydropyrolysis reactors were used. A series of operability tests was made with Illinois No. 6 coal to determine whether caking coal could be processed in the recirculating fluidized-bed reactor. These tests were generally unsuccessful because of agglomeration and caking problems; however, these problems were eliminated by the use of chemically pretreated …

Three anomalous areas containing shallow-depth warm water have been located in the San Pedro study area: (1) the San Manuel-Mammoth area; (2) the A.C. Gruwell Ranch; (3) Hookers Hot Springs at the Muleshoe Ranch. The probable explanation for these warm water resources is as follows. The Galiuro Mountains, the remains of a volcanic pile deposited along the axis of a large synform (Rehrig and Heidrick, 1976), are in all probability an area of recharge for the ground water system in the area. The meteoric water falling down upon the Galiuro Mountains percolates downward to great depths through fractures in the volcanic rocks, becomes heated, rises by convection along faults, encounters late Tertiary sedimentary units overlying these faults and migrates laterally through these sediments out into the basin. These warm waters are now near the surface because of erosion of the late Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary units by the San Pedro River. This type of phenomenon will readily explain the unreasonably high gradients encountered in some of the more shallow wells. This low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resource may be utilized using current heat-pump technology for space heating and cooling, green house operations or in health spas. However, the size and production …

The exchange of materials between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem is important to an understanding of the cycling of essential elements, the deposition of mateials from the atmosphere and the entrance of pollutants into the forest ecosystems. This paper reports the results of measurements of carbon dioxide exchange in a vigorously growing pine plantation. Measurement data were incorporated into a model used to estimate annual carbon dioxide exchange and measured annual biomass accumulation in the same plantation were used to determine a carbon dioxide to biomass conversion efficiency. Carbon dioxide exchange was 10.5 metric tons per hectare and biomass accumulation was 4.5 metric tons per hectare. The conversion efficiency of cabon dioxide to biomass is about 25% less than the theoretical chemical conversion efficiency. 27 refs., 8 figs.

Preliminary studies reveal that serious deficiencies exist in occupational safety and health training programs within DOE's fossil fuel programs. The basic requirements of Executive Order 12196, 29 CFR 1960 (both earlier and current versions) and Chapter III, ASFE 5480.1 are not being addressed in an adequate fashion. The principal deficiencies are a lack of sufficient funding for both employee and safety and health staff training, and inadequate or non-existent documentation of training for top management, intermediate levels of management, and supervisors. Similar deficiencies exist in varying degrees for other employees. It is apparent that the full extent of the training requirements in OSHA 29 CFR 1910 standards has not been recognized and implemented within the ETCs.

This manual includes geothermal fluid chemistry, corrosion test data, and materials operating experience. Systems using geothermal energy in El Salvador, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United States are described. The manual provides materials selection guidelines for surface equipment of future geothermal energy systems. The key chemical species that are significant in determining corrosiveness of geothermal fluids are identified. The utilization modes of geothermal energy are defined as well as the various physical fluid parameters that affect corrosiveness. Both detailed and summarized results of materials performance tests and applicable operating experiences from forty sites throughout the world are presented. The application of various non-metal materials in geothermal environments are discussed. Included in appendices are: corrosion behavior of specific alloy classes in geothermal fluids, corrosion in seawater desalination plants, worldwide geothermal power production, DOE-sponsored utilization projects, plant availability, relative costs of alloys, and composition of alloys. (MHR)

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As part of the US Program of Technical Assistance to IAEA Safeguards, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) was asked to assist in developing and demonstrating a model for assessing the impact of setting criteria for the application of IAEA safeguards. This report presents the results of PNL's work on the task. The report is in three parts. The first explains the technical approach and methodology. The second contains an example application of the methodology. The third presents the conclusions of the study. PNL used the model and computer programs developed as part of Task C.5 (Estimation of Inspection Efforts) of the Program of Technical Assistance. The example application of the methodology involves low-enriched uranium conversion and fuel fabrication facilities. The effects of variations in seven parameters are considered: false alarm probability, goal probability of detection, detection goal quantity, the plant operator's measurement capability, the inspector's variables measurement capability, the inspector's attributes measurement capability, and annual plant throughput. Among the key results and conclusions of the analysis are the following: the variables with the greatest impact on the probability of detection are the inspector's measurement capability, the goal quantity, and the throughput; the variables with the greatest impact on inspection costs …

Report on the Texas Shrimp Fishery program providing background information on shrimp and data related to Texas fisheries, reports of shrimp fishing, and other related statistics.

Consolidated progress report providing a summary of research conducted at the experiment station during the prior year related to grass varieties used as turf, including updates on research, studies on turfgrasses, cultivar characterizations, fungicides, and herbicides.