This article proposes a method to model evacuation flows and reveal the patterns of evacuation flows at different spatial scales. First, the authors present a method to characterize evacuation flows at different geographic scales: the state level, considering evacuation flows across southern states affected by Irma; the urban/rural area level, and the county level. Then they demonstrate results on the predictability of evacuation flows in the most affected state, Florida, by using the following environmental factors: the destructive force of the hurricane, the socioeconomic context, and the evacuation policy issued for counties. The results presented in this paper can help decision makers to better understand population evacuation behaviors given certain environmental features, which in turn will aid in the design of efficient and informed preparedness and response strategies.

Article uses 4E cognition as a framework to explore creativity in extreme environments. The article examines space arts as a case study through the history, present practices, and future possible arts in the context of humans beyond the Kármán boundary of the Earth’s atmosphere. This article is part of the research topic Creative Performance in Extreme Human Environments: Astronauts and Space