We have initiated an investigation of the utility of marine plankton as bioconcentrating samplers of low-level marine radioactivity in the southern hemisphere. A literature review has shown that both freshwater and marine plankton have trace element and radionuclide concentration factors (relative to water) of up to 10/sup 4/. We participated in Operations Deepfreeze 1981 and 1982, collecting a total of 48 plankton samples from the USCGC Glacier on its Antarctic cruises. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories sampled air, water, rain, and fallout. We were able to measure concentrations in plankton of the naturally-occurring radionuclides /sup 7/Be, /sup 40/K, and the U and Th series, and we believe that we have detected low levels of /sup 144/Ce and /sup 95/Nb in seven samples ranging as far south as 68/sup 0/. Biological identification of the plankton suggests a possible correlation between radionuclide concentration and the protozoa content of the samples. 7 references, 5 figures.

Recent modifications to the EQ3/6 geochemical modeling software package provide for the use of Pitzer's equations to calculate the activity coefficients of aqueous species and the activity of water. These changes extend the range of solute concentrations over which the codes can be used to dependably calculate equilibria in geochemical systems, and permit the inclusion of ion pairs, complexes, and undissociated acids and bases as explicit component species in the Pitzer model. Comparisons of calculations made by the EQ3NR and EQ6 compuer codes with experimental data confirm that the modifications not only allow the codes to accurately evaluate activity coefficients in concentrated solutions, but also permit prediction of solubility limits of evaporite minerals in brines at 25/sup 0/C and elevated temperatures. Calculations for a few salts can be made at temperatures up to approx. 300/sup 0/C, but the temperature range for most electrolytes is constrained by the availability of requisite data to values less than or equal to 100/sup 0/C. The implementation of Pitzer's equations in EQ3/6 allows application of these codes to problems involving calculation of geochemical equilibria in brines; such as evaluation of the chemical environment which might be anticipated for nuclear waste canisters located in a salt …

The performance of a low energy neutral source formed by negatively biased plates inserted in the edge plasma of the central cell of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) is described. This technique promises to be capable of fueling the high density thermal barrier plasmas. We have found that annular ring electrodes mounted on the sides of the central cell gas box and inclined 45/sup 0/ to the plasma axis can produce about 80 A of inward-directed D/sup 0/ with an average energy E/sub 0/ approx. = 250 eV (where the plate bias = -400 V). This example was calculated for a peak plasma density n/sub e/(0) = 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ and an edge plasma density n/sub L/ = 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/ at the limiter edge defined by the biased plates. The energetic neutrals, attenuated by about an e-fold in reaching the plasma center, are thus much more efficient in fueling the core plasma than Frank-Condon atoms, which are attenuated by greater than a factor of 100. In addition, because their energy is greater than Frank-Condon atoms their initial collisional trapping rate in the thermal barrier is reduced by a factor of approximately (100)/sup 3/2/ = 1000.

Secondary emission is not likely to be suppressed in thin films. Accumulated charges leak away with two time constants. The fast time constant should be short compared to the pulse duration, and the slow time constant should be short compared to the time between pulses. The Joule heating may be prohibitive in reaching adequate charge removal. The joule heating may be reduced by films which conduct little in the direction of the electric field and much better in the perpendicular direction.

The analyzing power in 28 GeV/c proton-proton elastic scattering was measured at P/sub perpendicular to//sup 2/ = 5.95 and 6.56 (GEV/c)/sup 2/ y/sub g/ a polarized proton target and an unpolarized proton beam at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS. Results indicate that the analyzing power, A, is rising sharply with P/sub perpendicular to//sup 2/. Previous measurements of the analyzing power, A, in p + p ..-->.. p + p suggested a rise in A at large-P/sub perpendicular to//sup 2/, but the statistical uncertainty in the highest point at P/sub perpendicular to//sup 2/ = 5.95 (GeV/c)/sup 2/ made it impossible to determine the magnitude of the increase. In an effort to clarify this situation, we made new measurements of A at P/sub perpendicular to//sup 2/ = 5.95 and 6.56 (GeV/c)/sup 2/. An unpolarized beam of typically 5 x 10/sup 10/ 28 GeV/c protons from the AGS at Brookhaven National Laboratory was incident upon the University of Michigan polarized proton target. This target contains irradiated ammonia beads cooled to 0.5/sup 0/K by a /sup 3/He-/sup 4/He evaporation refrigerator, in a 2.5 T magnetic field. The polarizing transitions are driven by a 70 GHz microwave system. The polarization of the hydrogen protons is …

The total neutral energy spectra, E/sub TOT//sup 0/ = ..sigma../sub i/ epsilon/sub i//sup 0/, have been measured in the central region of ..cap alpha cap alpha.., dd and pp interactions at ..sqrt..s/sub NN/ = 31 GeV with an electromagnetic calorimeter covering 2..pi.. in azimuth. The data were collected in the light-ion run at the CERN ISR during August 1983. The cross section ratio of the ..cap alpha cap alpha.. to the pp interactions increases rapidly with E/TOT//sup 0/ from 7 to 10/sup 5/ in the range 1.5 < E/sub TOT//sup 0/ < 19 GeV. The data are compared with a simple model of simultaneous multiple nucleon-nucleon collisions.

A combination of theoretical estimates, based on a ..lambda..N potential model, and phenomenological analysis of hypernuclear data is used to determine a set of four P/sub N/s/sub ..lambda../ two-body matrix elements which characterize the spin dependence of the ..lambda..N interaction in the p shell. The central spin-spin and the ..lambda.. spin-orbit matrix elements are most strongly constrained by existing data. The spin dependence is weak in the sense that s/sub ..lambda../ doublet splittings are predicted to be of order 100 keV except for the special case of /sub ..lambda..//sup 7/Li where the central spin-spin interaction dominates and the ground-state doublet separation is likely to be about 600 keV. The results of recent (K/sup -/, ..pi../sup -/..gamma..) experiments at the Brookhaven AGS are interpreted in terms of the ..lambda..N effective interaction.

The PATRICIA and RACETRACK particle tracking programs have been compared by tracking on a simple lattice. The dynamic aperture was found to decrease as the number of passes through the lattice per run increased from 20 to approx. 300, and it remained constant for longer runs. The dynamic apertures found by the two programs are consistent. The dependence of the dynamic aperture on horizontal tune near a decapole resonance was investigated. RACETRACK and PATRICIA showed decreases in the aperture on opposite sides of the resonance. A second set of studies was made with PATRICIA in which the dynamic apertures of lattices consisting of cells of the types used for the Reference Designs Study were determined when random multipole errors of the dipoles were included. The dependence of aperture on the number of cells in the lattice was determined. Finally, a comparison of magnet types suggested for the SSC was made by determining the aperture of lattices containing these magnets.

An overview is given of the following tasks related to laser isotope separation: Triton beam delivery optics, dye chain relay optics, CVL beam delivery, and optical delay line.

Magnetic field probes have been employed to study the internal field structure of Field-Reversed Configurations (FRCs) translating past the probes in the FRX-C/T device. Internal closed flux surfaces can be studied in this manner with minimal perturbation because of the rapid transit of the plasma (translational velocity v/sub z/ approx. 10 cm/..mu..s). Data have been taken using a low-field (5 kG), 5-mtorr-D/sub 2/ gas-puff mode of operation in the FRC source coil which yields an initial plasma density of approx. 1 x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/ and x/sub s/ approx. 0.04. FRCs translate from the approx. 25 cm radius source coil into a 20 cm radius metal translation vessel. Two translation conditions are studied: (1) translation into a 4 kG guide field (matched guide-field case), resulting in similar plasma parameters but with x/sub s/ approx. .45, and (2) translation into a 1 kG guide field (reduced guide-field case), resulting in expansion of the FRC to conditions of density approx. 3 x 10/sup 14/, external field B/sub 0/ approx. 2 kG and x/sub s/ approx. 0.7. The expected reversed B/sub z/ structure is observed in both cases. However, the field measurements indicate a possible sideways offset of the FRC from the …

GRPANL (GRouP ANaLysis) is a general-purpose peak fitting program that first determines gamma-ray and x-ray energies and intensities for specified peaks or clusters of peaks in a spectrum and then proceeds to interpret these results, determining both the radioisotopes detected and the amounts of each in the sample. Versions of the program are now running on the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX and PDP-11 computers. The code has several unique capabilities for deconvoluting and interpreting difficult analytical situations that other codes usually cannot handle.

From 24-29 October 1984 a visit was made to the LEP project at CERN with a view to extracting from the LEP planning and experience what might be useful in planning an SSC. With a circumference of 26.7 km, in a reasonably densely-populated area outside the boundaries of the CERN site, LEP already faces most of the problems of environment, public relations, maintenance and operation that will be faced by an SSC project. Information is presented under the headings of: (1) radiation protection; (2) heating, ventilation, and airconditioning; (3) electrical power distribution; (4) LEP experiments/UA1, UA2; (5) civil; (6) infrastructure installation; (7) survey; (8) safety; and (9) LEP controls. Each report lists the CERN individuals who generously provided their insights and help.

In order to determine the size and position of a relativistic electron beam inside the wiggler magnetic field of a Free Electron Laser (FEL), we have developed a new probe which intercepts the electron beam on a high Z target and monitors the resulting bremsstrahlung radiation. The probe is designed to move along the entire three meters of the wiggler. This FEL is designed to operate in the microwave region (2 to 8 mm) and the interaction region is an oversized waveguide with a cross section 3 cm x 9.8 cm. The axial probe moves inside this waveguide. The probe stops the electron beam on a Tantalum target and the resulting x-rays are scattered in the forward direction. A scintillator behind the beam stop reacts to the x-rays and emits visible light in the region where the x-rays strike. An array of fiber optics behind the scintillator transmits the visible light to a Reticon camera system which images the visible pattern from the scintillator. Processing the optical image is done by digitizing and storing the image and/or recording the image on video tape. Resolution and performance of this probe will be discussed.

None

Using a scanning electron microscope and an image analyzer, we have developed a technique for counting and measuring cracks in rocks which is more efficient than traditional techniques in which an operator performs all image analysis functions. The key aspect of the technique is that black-on-white tracings of fresh cracks, which can be made rather quickly by an operator, are fed to an image analyzer which then digitizes and tabulates data. The most time-consuming step in the process has now become the generation of SEM micrographs and pertinent chemical (mineralogical) information, not the quantification of crack structure. The technique has been applied to two studies involving nuclear waste isolation in a granitic rock, Climax Stock (Nevada Test Site) quartz monzonite, a rock which is structurally very inhomogeneous. One study detected a relationship between crack structure and distance from a hammer-drilled borehole; the other study was unable to detect a relationship between crack structure and gamma irradiation treatment in rocks loaded to near failure. 12 references, 6 figures, 3 tables.

Nine copper-base alloys in thirteen material conditions have been inserted into the MOTA-18 experiment for irradiation in FFTF at approx.450/sup 0/C. The alloy Ni-1.9Be is also included in this experiment, which includes both TEM disks and miniature tensile specimens.