Radionuclides in plankton from the South Pacific Basin (open access)

Radionuclides in plankton from the South Pacific Basin

We have initiated an investigation of the utility of marine plankton as bioconcentrating samplers of low-level marine radioactivity in the southern hemisphere. A literature review has shown that both freshwater and marine plankton have trace element and radionuclide concentration factors (relative to water) of up to 10/sup 4/. We participated in Operations Deepfreeze 1981 and 1982, collecting a total of 48 plankton samples from the USCGC Glacier on its Antarctic cruises. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories sampled air, water, rain, and fallout. We were able to measure concentrations in plankton of the naturally-occurring radionuclides /sup 7/Be, /sup 40/K, and the U and Th series, and we believe that we have detected low levels of /sup 144/Ce and /sup 95/Nb in seven samples ranging as far south as 68/sup 0/. Biological identification of the plankton suggests a possible correlation between radionuclide concentration and the protozoa content of the samples. 7 references, 5 figures.
Date: March 23, 1984
Creator: Marsh, K.V. & Buddemeier, R.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report, February 1962 (open access)

Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report, February 1962

In the operation of 6-in.-dia. foam-liquid columns, increase in either the liquid flow or foam flow caused increased channeling with increased HTU. Flooding values for the Immi mixer-settler were obtalned using the amine extraction final cycle Pu flowsheet. Two tests of the addltlon of uranyl nitrate to a thoria sol were made, one of which gave a good product and the other a product which disintegrated during calcination. Material balances for 22 waste calcination runs are summarized. (auth)
Date: August 23, 1962
Creator: Whatley, M. E.; Haas, P. A.; Horton, R. W.; Ryon, A. D.; Suddath, J. C. & Watson, C. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report, June 1961 (open access)

Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report, June 1961

An interfacial viseometer was built for use in an interfacial phenomena study. Installation of a 6-in.-ID foam separation column system was completed. The dispersiondrying-sintering characteristics of six low-nitrate batches of thoria sol material were studied. The average effective porosity of the CuO pellets used for reactor helium purification was determined to be 0.0545 for H/ sub 2/ transport and 0.0526 for CO transport. In continuous Zirflex dissolution studies, no H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ decomposition was observed when 10% H/sub 2/O/sup 2 was fed into boiling dissoivent through a water-cooled nozzle and the oxygen concentration in the scrubbed off-gas could be used to control the H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ concentration in the dissolver. The free fluoride in Zirflex solutions must be maintained above 1 molar in order to prevent uranium precipitation at low concentrations of uranium even though the F/sup -//U ratio exceeds 100. Chopped stainless steel-clad UO/sub 2/ sections were leached in a 4 stage pyrex leacher model using 6, 7, and 8 M nitric acid as the dissolvent. The temperature distribution expected within fuel elements consisting of square arrays of tubes was calculated for shipping conditions assuming heat to be transferred only by radiation. HETS values were calculated for uranium stripping …
Date: January 23, 1962
Creator: Whatley, M. E.; Haas, P. A.; Horton, R. W.; Ryon, A. D.; Suddath, J. C. & Watson, C. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Heavy mass states (open access)

Heavy mass states

The indirect evidence for the production of a heavy lepton and direct evidence for the product of a new hadronic state or states in proton-proton interactions is considered for the interpretation requiring the existence of two more leptons and two new quarks. It is shown that such a picture is consistent and in good agreement with existing data. The new structure is located at M = 9.54 GeV/c/sup 2/ and is much wider than the experimental resolution. Also it is asymmetric, suggesting the presence of several resonances. 7 references. (JFP)
Date: August 23, 1977
Creator: Paschos, E. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Synergistic capture mechanisms for alkali and sulfur species from combustion (open access)

Synergistic capture mechanisms for alkali and sulfur species from combustion

This report presents work done on a laboratory combustor in an attempt to identify mechanisms that govern the simultaneous capture of alkali and sulfur species using sorbent injection techniques. The mechanisms of capture fall into two broad categories i.e. Physical transport of alkali species (in vapor or condensed phase) to the sorbent surface and surface reaction between the alkali species and the sorbents. Water solubility, though not specific, has been used to get an indication of relative significance of these two broad mechanisms. It is assumed that the physically adsorbed alkali species on sorbents are predominantly water soluble while the chemically reacted alkali content is predominantly water insoluble. In order to infer possible dominant mechanisms, specific parameters has been varied during experimentation. Such parameters include, speciation, particle time-temperature history, and furnace burning conditions.
Date: April 23, 1992
Creator: Peterson, T.W.; Shadman, F.; Wendt, J.O.L. & Mwabe, P.O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
''Figure of merit'' Q/. mu. /sub max//sup 2/3/, for beam transport through periodic focussing systems (open access)

''Figure of merit'' Q/. mu. /sub max//sup 2/3/, for beam transport through periodic focussing systems

A discussion is given of a figure of merit indicative of the stability of high intensity beam transport systems. A table is provided giving this quantity under various conditions, and the limits for solenoidal focusing systems are obtained. (PMA)
Date: November 23, 1977
Creator: Laslett, L.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A TRANSISTORIZED ALPHA COUNTER FOR AN ALPHA GAUGE (open access)

A TRANSISTORIZED ALPHA COUNTER FOR AN ALPHA GAUGE

A transistorized instrument prototype was designed and constructed to replace a vacuum-tube instrument in an alpha gauge, which measures the thickness density of gases. The instrument amplifies, shapes, discriminates, and counts alpha pulses from a Au-Si surface-barrier detector exposed to an alpha source in a gas-filled chamber. The circuit consists of a charge-sensitive preamplifier, a main amplifier with pulse clipping, a Schmitt trigger, a diode pump, and a count rate meter. Preliminary tests gave results comparable to the vacuum-tube instrument. Accuracy of counting was within 10% for 0.5- to 10-Mev alpha particles emitted at a maximum rate of 10/sup 6 per sec. The instrument was stable at 25 to 55 deg C, is small and portable, and costs less than 0. An infinitely thick, alpha source that will give a high count rate is being constructed for final tests. (auth)
Date: August 23, 1962
Creator: Kopp, M.C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Axicell design for the end plugs of MFTF-B (open access)

Axicell design for the end plugs of MFTF-B

Certain changes in the end-plug design in the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF-B) are described. The Laboratory (LLNL) proposes to implement these changes as soon as possible in order to construct the machine in an axicell configuration. The present physics and technology goals as well as the project cost and schedule will not be affected by these changes.
Date: April 23, 1982
Creator: Thomassen, K.I. & Karpenko, V.N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
RADIOISOTOPE AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT. SECTION I. USE OF INTRINSIC RADIOACTIVE TRACERS FOR PROCESS CONTROL. SECTION II. RADIATION-INDUCED GRAFT-POLYMERIZATION STUDIES (open access)

RADIOISOTOPE AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT. SECTION I. USE OF INTRINSIC RADIOACTIVE TRACERS FOR PROCESS CONTROL. SECTION II. RADIATION-INDUCED GRAFT-POLYMERIZATION STUDIES

Research was continued in the areas of intrinsic radioactive tracers for industrial process control and the influence of structural factors in radiation- induced graft polymerization. The use of in-process isotope neutron soarces to produce short-lived radiotraces is discussed. A 10c Po--Be neutron source was obtained for exploratory experiments. The design and construction of a neutronsource storage shield and an activatioa-cell holder are underway. The effect of structural factors oii the eIficiency of free-radical site formation in acrylate and methacrylate polymers was emphasized. Site measurements versus dose were made for poly-n-hexylmethacrylate. Two additional methods for measuring free-radical conceiitrations, a chemical method employing diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and hydroquinone and a method based on molecular-weight decreases, were developed. The grafting studies were continued. (M.C.G.)
Date: October 23, 1961
Creator: McFarling, J.L.; Gluck, P.; Kircher, J.F.; Sunderman, D.N.; Sliemers, F.A.; Luttinger, M. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
THE EFFECTS OF INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION ON POT CALCINATION RATES FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTES (open access)

THE EFFECTS OF INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION ON POT CALCINATION RATES FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTES

Methods by which the radial deposition mechanism was determined in experiments with simulated waste solutions are reviewed. Based on this mechanism, an expression for the rate of solid deposition with internal heat generation was developed by a combined heat and material balance. A sample calculation for Purex waste showed that a moderate heat generation rate of 5000 Btu/hr/ft/sup 3/ would decrease the time to fill a 12-in.-dia calcination vessel from 78 to 55 hr. For the calcination stage of the process in which the deposited solids are heated in the absence of a liquid phase, a solution was developed for the equation of heat transfer with the temperature profile from the solid deposition stage as an initial condition. For the example Purex waste with a heat generation rate of 5000 Btu/hr ft/sup 3/, less than 15 min would be required for calcination, compared to about 8 hr in experiments with simulated wastes. (auth)
Date: October 23, 1961
Creator: Perona, J.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Studies of Nuclear Resonant Absorption of Gamma Rays. Quarterly Report No. 4 Covering Period June 1, 1961 to August 31, 1961 (open access)

Studies of Nuclear Resonant Absorption of Gamma Rays. Quarterly Report No. 4 Covering Period June 1, 1961 to August 31, 1961

The effect of polarizing mngnetic field intensity on the nuclear resonant absorption was studied by varying the field strength at a 1-mc Co/sup 57/ source from 0 to 1000 gauss while keeping the absorber between the poles of a magnet having a fixed field of 800 gauss. The rates of resonance absorption change with field intensity were greatest in the region of 300 to 1000 gauss, and the% nuclear resonant absorption for 1000-gauss fields was 8.5 and 26% for perpendicular and parallel fields, respectively, as compared with 15% for no fields. Other absorption measurements for Co/sup 57/ sources are also reported. Calculations on the use of nuclear resonant absorption to measure gravitational fields and altitudes were made which indicates that this application is not promising. (D.L.C.)
Date: February 23, 1962
Creator: Ezop, J. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Inventory of power plants in the United States 1990. [Contains glossary] (open access)

Inventory of power plants in the United States 1990. [Contains glossary]

The purpose of this publication is to provide year-end statistics about electric generating units operated by electric utilities in the United States (the 50 States and the District of Columbia). The publication also provides a 10-year outlook of future generating unit additions. The Summary Statistics chapter contains aggregate capacity statistics at the national and various regional levels for operable electric generating units and planned electric generating unit additions. Aggregate capacity data at the national level are presented by energy source and by prime mover. Aggregate capacity data at the various regional levels are presented by prime energy source. Planned capacity additions in new units are summarized by year, 1991 through 2000. Additionally, this chapter contains a summary of electric generating unit retirements, by energy source and year, from 1991 through 2000. The chapter on Operable Electric Generating Units contains data about each operable electric generating unit and each electric generating unit that was retired from service during the year. Additionally, it contains a summary by energy source of electric generating unit capacity additions and retirements during 1990. Finally, the chapter on Projected Electric Generating Unit Additions contains data about each electric generating unit scheduled by electric utilities to start operation …
Date: October 23, 1991
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Potential of pyroprocessing for partitioning purex wastes (open access)

Potential of pyroprocessing for partitioning purex wastes

The processes are extremely compact. The process reagents are highly resistant to radiation damage and, therefore, can be used to handle short-cooled, highly concentrated waste with negligible degradation. Most reagents can be recycled back through the process many times, thereby minimizing the generation of waste products, and also reducing the process cost. Fission-product wastes are discharged from the process as concentrated, solid wastes, typically in a metal matrix suitable for permanent disposal. Long cooling periods are not needed prior to conversion to a suitable waste form. The recovered actinides are obtained as metals and cen be easily stored or shipped. Pyrochemical processing of nuclear fuels should be considered as a second generation technology.
Date: July 23, 1980
Creator: Coops, M. S. & Sisson, D. H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A STUDY OF THE SHIELD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS TRIGA MARK II RESEARCH REACTOR (open access)

A STUDY OF THE SHIELD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS TRIGA MARK II RESEARCH REACTOR

Detailed measurements were made of the fast-neutron and gamma dose rates and the thermal-neutron fluxes existing at the surfaces of the biological shield of the University of Illinois TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor. Dose rates and fluxes were found to be extremely low. A comparison was made by means of threshold foil techniques between the fast-neutron flux in a beam hole of the reactor during steady-state operation at 1 kw and during a nominal 250 Mw, 30 msec pulse produced by rapid insertion of approximates two dollars of excess reactivity. The flux over the duration of the pulse was approximately four times that for steady-state operation for 1 hr at 1 kw. Fast-neutron dose rates and thermal-neutron fluxes were measured at each of the four beam ports of the reactor at operating powers of 0, 1, and 5 watts. Some gamma dose rate data was also obtained at 0 and 1 watt. The threshold foil technique used is described. (auth)
Date: April 23, 1962
Creator: Blosser, T.V.; Freestone, R.M. Jr. & Miller, J.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Study on reduction of accessory-horsepower requirements. Third quarterly progress report (open access)

Study on reduction of accessory-horsepower requirements. Third quarterly progress report

The objective of this study program is to minimize automotive accessory horsepower consumption, and thereby maximize overall vehicle fuel economy, by utilizing continuously variable speed drives or auxiliary power units (APUs) in a standard passenger automobile. As an aid to definitizing accessory performance, load requirements and fuel economy, a baseline vehicle has beeen established. This vehicle is a conventional intermediate size 5- or 6-passenger automobile with a 4.1 to 5.7 liter (250 to 350 cubic inch) displacement, spark ignition engine. Accessories to be considered are the alternator, power steering system, power brakes, air conditioner, cooling fan, water pump and emission control air pump. A program summary of major accomplishments is presented including: accessory drive devices analyses; vehicle computer model fuel economy analyses; improved accessory efficiency analysis; resized engine fuel economy analysis; accessory evaluation matrix completed; drive-systems trade-study completed and the prime concept presented; and variable-speed belt-drive concepts reviewed.
Date: April 23, 1975
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fast Flux Test Facility. Design and Development Quality Assurance Requirements for the FFTF (open access)

Fast Flux Test Facility. Design and Development Quality Assurance Requirements for the FFTF

The document is presented to provide general management requirements for Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and contractor design and development quality assurance programs to assure the required quality level of the various items required for the FFTF. The document is applicable as imposed by the contract to FFTF contractors and subcontractors. The document is also applicable to PNL design and development activities related to the FFTF.
Date: October 23, 1968
Creator: Albert, W. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Personal extrapolation of CDF test beam use to the SSC (open access)

Personal extrapolation of CDF test beam use to the SSC

The author's personal experience in test beam usage at CDF is used to predict SSC needs at the point of turn-on. It is concluded that the test beam demand will reflect the scale of effort involved in SSC detectors rather than the total number of them. Provision for later expansion is recommended. It is also recommended that the test beam facilities, as well as detector electronics, should reflect the available dynamic range; particularly, a single high energy beam derived from the SSC could be shared by several groups. (LEW)
Date: June 23, 1986
Creator: Nodulman, L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Engineering problems of future neutral beam injectors (open access)

Engineering problems of future neutral beam injectors

Because there is no limit to the energy or power that can be delivered by a neutral-beam injector, its use will be restricted by either its cost, size, or reliability. Studies show that these factors can be improved by the injector design, and several examples, taken from mirror reactor studies, are given.
Date: November 23, 1977
Creator: Fink, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A beam profile monitor for small electron beams (open access)

A beam profile monitor for small electron beams

Measurement of beam properties at the foci of high energy linacs is difficult due to the small size of the waists in proposed and existing accelerators (1 nm {minus} 2 {mu}). This paper considers the use of bremsstrahlung radiation from thin foils to measure the size and phase space density these beams using nonimaging optics. The components of the system are described, and the ultimate resolution, evaluated theoretically for the case of the Final Focus Test Beam at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, is a few nm. 13 refs., 4 figs. 1 tab.
Date: January 23, 1991
Creator: Norem, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
LOFT DTT rake pin stress analysis (open access)

LOFT DTT rake pin stress analysis

A stress analysis of the 3/8-inch and 1/4-inch pins which hold the rake assembly to the flange was performed and shows stresses to be lower than the Class 1 allowables of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The alternating pin stresses were found to be below the endurance limit and fatigue failure will not occur. The rake assembly was assumed to be loaded by steady drag and lift forces and alternating vortex shedding forces.
Date: January 23, 1979
Creator: Mosby, W.R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Lime-Slurry Stirred Tank Carbonation Reactor (open access)

Analysis of Lime-Slurry Stirred Tank Carbonation Reactor

Gas residence time distributions were determined for a stirred tank carbonation reactor. Empirical correlations for the first and second moments of the residence time distribution (RTD) curves as functions of flow rates and impeller speeds were obtained. Decontamination factors for /sup 85/Kr were measured.
Date: September 23, 1977
Creator: McAleese, J. P.; Belt, B. A.; Datesh, J. R. & Shaeffer, M. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reusable tamper-indicating security seal. [Patent Application] (open access)

Reusable tamper-indicating security seal. [Patent Application]

The invention teaches means for detecting unauthorized tampering or substitutions of a device, and has particular utility when applied on a seal device used to secure a location or thing. The seal has a transparent body wall, and a first indicia, viz., a label identification is formed on the inside surface of this wall. Second and third indicia are formed on the outside surface of the transparent wall, and each of these indicia is transparent to allow the parallax angled viewing of the first indicia through these indicia. The second indicia is in the form of a broadly uniform pattern, viz., many small spaced dots; while the third indicia is in the form of easily memorized objects, such as human faces, made on a substrate by means of halftone printing. The substrate is lapped over the outside surface of the transparent wall. A thin cocoon of a transparent material, generally of the same material as the substrate such as plastic, is formed over the seal body and specifically over the transparent wall and the second and third indicia formed thereon. This cocoon is seamless and has walls of nonuniform thickness. Both the genuineness of the seal and whether anyone has …
Date: June 23, 1981
Creator: Ryan, M. J.
Object Type: Patent
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual model for regional radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site. Final draft, technical memorandum (open access)

Conceptual model for regional radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site. Final draft, technical memorandum

This technical memorandum was prepared to: (1) describe a typical basalt radionuclide repository site, (2) describe geologic and hydrologic processes associated with regional radionuclide transport in basalts, (3) define the parameters required to model regional radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site, and (4) develop a ''conceptual model'' of radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site. In a general hydrological sense, basalts may be described as layered sequences of aquifers and aquitards. The Columbia River Basalt, centered near the semi-arid Pasco Basin, is considered by many to be typical basalt repository host rock. Detailed description of the flow system including flow velocities with high-low hydraulic conductivity sequences are not possible with existing data. However, according to theory, waste-transport routes are ultimately towards the Columbia River and the lengths of flow paths from the repository to the biosphere may be relatively short. There are many physical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear processes with associated parameters that together determine the possible pattern of radionuclide migration in basalts and surrounding formations. Brief process descriptions and associated parameter lists are provided. Emphasis has been placed on the use of the distribution coefficient in simulating ion exchange. The use of the distribution coefficient approach is limited …
Date: May 23, 1980
Creator: Walton, W.C.; Voorhees, M.L. & Prickett, T.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radian DART microcomputer system hardware documentation operation system description. DART II documentation (open access)

Radian DART microcomputer system hardware documentation operation system description. DART II documentation

This operator's manual for the DART II Data Acquisition, Reduction, and Transmission system is divided into the following sections: system capabilities and configuration; ways in which the microprocessor-based central processing unit communicates with the memory and peripheral devices; theory of operation for the system components; and a section of reference data including schematic diagrams, cable lists, device specification sheets and other detailed information. (GHT)
Date: May 23, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library